Globalisasi dan Negara Pembangunan (Globalisation and National Development)
Abstract
This article – based on the contemporary discourse on development - is a discussion on the impact of globalisation on the state’s capacity to intervene in development. It is true that the 1997 economic crisis and the ongoing Japa- nese economic crisis have further questioned the relevance of the state. The state is regarded as irrelevant and should retreat to give way to market to manage the economy more efficiently. However, development and distribution cannot be left to market forces alone as the state still has a role but the latter has to adjust in some ways in order to stay relevant as evidence from the Japanese, South Korean and Malaysian cases suggests. The era of authorita- rian states led by ‘strong-man figures’ has lapsed as a result of democratisation. Today, the state can still play a role in development under one condition, that it upholds a people-centred development that recognises freedom and the people’s choices strived for by civil society. This article concludes that deve- lopmental states can continue to play an active role in enhancing growth and redistributing the country’s wealth by upholding good governance and transparency.
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini membincangkan dampak globalisasi ke atas keupayaan negara untuk campur tangan dalam pembangunan berdasarkan wacana pembangunan kontemporer. Memang benar bahawa kegawatan ekonomi 1997 dan krisis ekonomi Jepun yang berpanjangan telah menyebabkan peranan negara dalam pembangunan semakin dipertikaikan. Negara dianggap tidak lagi relevan dan sepatutnya berundur bagi membolehkan pasaran mengendalikan urusan ekonomi secara lebih efisien. Walau bagaimanapun, soal pembangunan dan agihan tidak boleh diserahkan kepada kuasa pasaran semata-mata, peranan negara masih diperlukan tetapi negara mesti mengubahsuai peranannya supaya terus relevan seperti yang dibuktikan oleh kes Jepun, Korea Selatan dan Malaysia. Era negara autoriter yang dipimpin oleh tokoh-tokoh kuat sudah berlalu atas desakan pendemokrasian. Pada hari ini, negara masih boleh berperanan dalam pembangunan dengan syarat, ia memajukan pembangunan yang mesra-rakyat, iaitu pembangunan yang tidak mengenepikan soal kebebasan dan pilihan rakyat yang diperjuangkan oleh masyarakat sivil. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahawa negara pembangunan boleh terus aktif dalam merangsang pertumbuhan dan mengagihkan kekayaan negara dengan menumpukan pada soal tadbir urus baik dan ketelusan.
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