Kaedah-Kaedah Memulakan Tindakan Sivil di Mahkamah Sivil: Tinjauan terhadap Kes-Kes Terkini (Modes for Commencing Civil Actions in Civil Courts: A Review of Recent Cases)

Noor Anisah Husna Mazlan, Nurul Nisa' Khalid, Shahrul Mizan Ismail

Abstract


A civil action is a dispute of law and a dispute of fact between two or more parties seeking remedies for injury or damages suffered due to wrongful act by one of the parties. The purpose of civil action is for the Plaintiff or the injured party to seek compensation or damages. Pursuant to Order 5 Rule 1 Rules of Courts 2012, to commence proceedings, it must be commenced either by way of Originating Summons or Writ. As for proceedings with a serious dispute of fact, it shall be instituted by Writ. Meanwhile, as for proceedings for which an application is to be made to the Court or a Judge, it shall be instituted by way of an Originating Summons. The objective of this study is to review cases decided since the past five years and to analyse the latest developments related to court judgments on the method of commencing civil action. This study is conducted qualitatively, which involves data analysis and review of the previous and latest cases. From the analysis, three main progresses have been identified namely the Court allows the conversion when there is no injustice prejudicial to the parties, the Court rejects application to convert without strong reason and the Court is likely to allow the conversion if it involves property issues. Therefore, this article will elaborate in detail on the definition of civil action, relevant provisions from Rules of Court 2012 and the latest developments of Court judgments on cases involving methods of commencing civil action.

 

Abstrak

Tindakan sivil adalah pertikaian undang-undang dan pertikaian fakta antara dua atau lebih pihak yang menuntut remedi bagi kecederaan atau kerosakan yang disebabkan oleh perbuatan salah pihak lain. Tindakan sivil bertujuan untuk menuntut bayaran pampasan kepada Plaintif atau pihak yang tercedera atau rugi. Menurut Aturan 5 Kaedah 1 Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah 2012, bagi memulakan prosiding, ia hendaklah dimulakan sama ada melalui Saman Pemula atau Writ. Prosiding yang dalamnya wujud suatu pertikaian fakta yang serius yang mungkin berbangkit hendaklah dimulakan dengan Writ. Manakala prosiding yang suatu permohonan akan dibuat kepada Mahkamah atau seorang Hakim di bawah mana-mana undang-undang bertulis hendaklah dimulakan melalui Saman Pemula. Objektif kajian ini adalah untuk meninjau kes-kes lima tahun ke belakang bagi mengetahui perkembangan-perkembangan terkini berkaitan dengan penghakiman mahkamah bagi kaedah-kaedah memulakan tindakan sivil. Kajian ini dijalankan secara kualitatif, iaitu melibatkan penganalisisan data dengan meninjau kes-kes terkini. Daripada analisis kes-kes yang dibuat, terdapat tiga perkembangan utama yang dikenal pasti iaitu Mahkamah menerima penukaran kaedah memulakan tindakan sivil apabila tidak ada ketidakadilan yang menjadi prejudis terhadap pihak-pihak di dalam kes, Mahkamah menolak permohonan penukaran kaedah memulakan tindakan sivil tanpa alasan kukuh dan Mahkamah lebih mudah membenarkan penukaran kaedah tindakan sivil apabila melibatkan hartanah. Oleh itu, artikel ini akan menghuraikan dengan terperinci mengenai pendefinisian tindakan sivil, Kaedah-Kaedah Mahkamah yang akan diguna pakai dan perkembangan terkini penghakiman Mahkamah terhadap kes-kes yang melibatkan kaedah-kaedah memulakan tindakan sivil.

Kata kunci: Writ; saman pemula; perkembangan; tindakan; sivil


Keywords


Writ; summons; progress; civil; action

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References


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