KEBIMBANGAN MORAL TERHADAP APLIKASI NYAMUK AEDES DIUBAH SUAI GENETIK DARI PERSPEKTIF ETIKA (Moral Concerns on Genetic Modified Aedes Mosquito’s Application from Perspective of Ethics)

Noor Sharizad Rusly, Nur Asmadayana Hasim, Latifah Amin, Ahmad Firdhaus Arham

Abstract


ABSTRAK

Denggi adalah penyakit virus yang disebarkan oleh nyamuk Aedes dan tiada rawatan khusus yang tersedia. Pencegahan dan pengawalan adalah langkah terbaik untuk mengatasi wabak ini. Salah satu kaedah pencegahan ialah dengan pelepasan nyamuk Aedes yang telah diubahsuai secara genetik (GM), yang dianggap sebagai pendekatan “self-limiting”. Teknik ini melibatkan pengubahsuaian genetik nyamuk jantan agar generasi seterusnya mati sebelum mencapai kematangan. Namun, penggunaan teknik ini menimbulkan pelbagai kebimbangan moral, termasuk isu-isu etika yang berhubungan dengan prinsip alam sekitar. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kaedah kuantitatif melalui soal selidik yang diedarkan kepada 415 responden yang distratakan secara rawak mengikut daerah di kawasan Lembah Klang. Secara keseluruhan penerimaan penduduk Lembah Klang terhadap faktor kebimbangan moral ialah pada tahap sederhana iaitu min skor 3.94. Kajian ini juga mengupas kebimbangan moral terhadap aplikasi nyamuk Aedes GM dari perspektif etika, yang menekankan prinsip kesejahteraan, autonomi dan keadilan. Hasil kajian ini menekankan keperluan untuk menekankan prinsip-prinsip etika dan memberikan perhatian kepada kebimbangan moral dalam penggunaan teknologi nyamuk GM di Malaysia sekiranya kerajaan ingin memulakan semula pelepasan nyamuk GM di masa akan datang.

ABSTRACT

Dengue is a viral disease transmitted by the Aedes mosquito, and there is currently no specific treatment available. Therefore, prevention and control are crucial in managing this epidemic. One preventive measure involves the release of genetically modified (GM) Aedes mosquitoes, a “self-limiting” approach. This technique entails genetically altering male mosquitoes so that their offspring die before reaching maturity. However, the use of this method raises several ethical concerns, including issues related to environmental principles. This study employs a quantitative approach, using a questionnaire administered to 415 respondents who were randomly stratified by district in the Klang Valley area. Overall, the acceptance of GM Aedes mosquitoes in the Klang Valley is moderate, with a mean score of 3.94 regarding moral concerns. The study also addresses moral concerns about the application of GM Aedes mosquitoes from an ethical perspective, emphasizing the principles of well-being, autonomy, and justice. The findings highlight the importance of considering ethical principles and addressing moral concerns in the use of GM technology in Malaysia, especially if the government intends to resume the release of GM mosquitoes in the future.


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JH-2024-1602-02

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