Email this article POLA PENYELIDIKAN SAINTIFIK DARI PERSPEKTIF IBN AL-HAYTHAM (The Pattern of Scientific Research from the Perspective of Ibn al-Haytham)
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Makalah ini secara umumnya bertujuan mendapatkan suatu pola penyelidikan saintifik dalam melakukan kajian Islam. Secara lebih khusus, model tersebut diteliti berdasarkan fungsi penyelidikan saintifik Ibn al-Haytham. Ia seterusnya diteliti dari perspektif ilmu fardu ain. Hal ini kerana ilmu fardu ain dapat memberi kefahaman asas mengenai Islam. Oleh itu, makalah ini meneroka keselarian antara fungsi penyelidikan saintifik Ibn al- Haytham dengan konsep ilmu fardu ain menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Perbincangan dibahagikan kepada tiga bahagian utama. Pertama, penelitian mengenai fungsi penyelidikan saintifik Ibn al-Haytham. Kedua, perbincangan terhadap konsep ilmu fardu ain dan aplikasinya. Ketiga, analisis keselarian dua perbincangan terdahulu untuk membina pola penyelidikan saintifik bagi kajian Islam. Hasil penelitian mendapati, terdapat tiga pola penyelidikan saintifik yang dapat dibina untuk melakukan kajian Islam. Pertama, ilmu tauhid menjadi paksi dalam penyelidikan saintifik. Kedua, ilmu fikah mewujudkan dimensi penyelidikan saintifik. Ketiga, ilmu akhlak memberi citra yang positif dalam penyelidikan saintifik.
ABSTRACT
This article aims to obtain a pattern of scientific research to study about Islam. Specifically, the model is based on the functions of Alhazen’s scientific research. It is further examined from the perspective of fard ayn knowledge. The reason is fard ayn knowledge provides the elementary understanding about Islam. With the usage of content analysis method, this article explores the compatibility between functions of Alhazen’s scientific research with the concept of fard ayn knowledge. The discussion is divided into three main parts. Firstly, the discussion on the functions of Ibn al-Haytham’s scientific research. Secondly, review on the concept of fard ayn knowledge and its application. Finally, the construction of the pattern of scientific research which to study about Islam. As a result, there are three patterns of scientific research found to be used in the study of Islam. First, knowledge of tawhid becomes the principle of a scientific research. Second, knowledge of fiqh gives the dimension to a scientific research. Third, knowledge of akhlaq gives the positive expressions in scientific research.
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ab. Halim Tamuri. 2011. “Al-Qur’an dan Alam sebagai Sumber Ilmu Sains dalam Pendidikan”, dlm. Khalijah Mohd Salleh (ed.). Pendidikan Sains Berteraskan Tauhid. Bangi, Selangor: Institut Islam Hadhari, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Abdelhamid I. Sabra. 1994. Optics, Astronomy and Logic: Studies in Arabic Science and Philosophy. Great Britain: Variorum.
Abdul Ghafur Chaudhri. 1969. “Ibn al-Haitham: The Educational and Scientific Importance of His Writing”, dlm. Hakim Mohammad Said (ed.). Ibn al-Haitham: Proceedings of the Celebrations of 1000th Anniversary Held Under the Auspices of Hamdard National Foundation. Karachi: Hamdard Academy.
Abdullah Muhammad Basmeih. 2001. Tafsir Pimpinan Ar-Rahman Kepada Pengertian Al-Qur’an, semakan Muhammad Noor Haji Ibrahim. Kuala Lumpur: Darul Fikir dengan izin dan kawalan Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia (JAKIM).
Abu Najmi Abdullah. 1995. Asas Pendidikan Fardhu Ain. Kuala Lumpur: Syarikat Nurulhas.
Ahmad F. Yousif. 2011. Islam and Science: A Southeast Asian Perspective (Second Edition). Selangor: International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM) Press.
Ahmad S. Dallal. 1995. “Ibn al-Haytham’s Universal Solution for Finding the Direction of the Qibla by Calculation”, Arabic Science and Philosophy, 5(2), hlm. 145-193.
Ahmad Sunawari Long (2008). Sejarah Falsafah. (Edisi Kedua). Bangi, Selangor: Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Ahmed Djebbar. 2009. The Discoveries in Islamic Countries. Paris: Le Pommier.
Al-Bayhaqi, ‘Ali ibn Zayd. 2010. Tatimmat Siwan al-Hikmat. http://shamela.ws/browse. php/book-273 [12 Julai 2013].
Al-Khalili, Jim. 2009. The First ‘True Scientist’. http://news.bbc.co.uk/go/pr/fr/-/2/hi/ science/nature/7810846.stm [30 Januari 2013].
Al-Palimbani, Abdul Samad. 2009. Hidayat al-Salikin fi Suluk Maslak al-Muttaqin, terj. Abdul Ghani Jabal Maraqy. Kelantan: Jabal Maraqy Enterprise.
Aminudin Basir & Jamsari Alias. 2012. “Etika Kesarjanaan Muslim Menurut Akhlak Islam”, Jurnal Hadhari, 4(2), hlm. 45-64.
Arsyad Thalib Lubis. 1976. Ilmu Fiqih. Medan: Firma Islamiyah.
Betz, F. 2011. Managing Science: Methodology and Organization of Research. New York: Springer Science+Bussiness Media.
Goldhaber, A. S. & Nieto M. M. 2010. “Photon and Graviton Mass Limits”, Review of Modern Physics, 82, hlm. 939.
Gorini, R. 2003. “Al-Haytham the Man of Experience: First Steps in the Science of Vision”, Journal of the International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine, 2(4), hlm. 53-55.
Haron Din. 2008. Islam: Rujukan Efektif Akhlak Mulia. Kuala Lumpur: PTS Millenia Sdn. Bhd.
Hasan Langgulung. 1986. Pengenalan Tamadun Islam dalam Pendidikan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Hodgendijk, J. P. 1985. Ibn al-Haytham’s Completion of the Conics. New York: Springer- Verlag.
Hussain Othman. 2009. Wacana Asasi Agama dan Sains. Johor: Penerbit Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia.
Ibn Abi Usaybi‘ah, Ahmad ibn Qasim. 1965. ‘Uyun al-Anba’ fi Tabaqat al-Atibba’. Beirut, Lubnan: Dar Maktabah al-Hayah.
Ibn al-Haytham, al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan. 1969. The Light of the Moon, terj. Abdul Ghafur Chaudri, dlm. Hakim Mohammad Said (ed.). Ibn al-Haitham: Proceedings of the Celebrations of 1000th Anniversary Held Under the Auspices of Hamdard National Foundation. Karachi: Hamdard Academy.
Ibn al-Haytham, al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan. 1984. On the Completion of the Conics, terj. Hodgendijk, J. P (ed.). Ibn al-Haytham’s Completion of the Conics. New York: Springer-Verlag.
Ibn al-Haytham, al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan. 1989. The Optics of Ibn al-Haytham, Book I-III: On Direct Vision, terj. Abdelhamid I. Sabra. London: Warburg Institute, University of London.
Ibn al-Haytham, al-Hasan ibn al-Hasan. 1990. On the Configuration of the World, terj. Langermann, Y. T. New York: Garland Publishing.
Kennedy, A., Radach, R., Heller, D. & Pynte, J. 2000. Reading as a Perceptual Process. Oxford: Elsevier Science Ltd.
Kuhn, T. 1996. The Structure of Scientific Revolution (Third Edition). Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
Louay Safi. 1998. Asas Ilmu Pengetahuan, terj. Nur Hadi Ihsan. Petaling Jaya: Thinker’s Library.
Mat Rofa Ismail. 1997. Mantik dalam Babak Pemikiran Ilmiah Tamadun Manusia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Medawar, P. 1984. The Limits of Science. New York: Oxford University Press.
Mohammad Ilyas. 2003. Astronomi Islam dan Perkembangan Sains: Kegemilangan Masa Lalu, Cabaran Masa Depan, terj. Juneta Zawawi & Norlida Jantan. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publication & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Mohd Kamal Hassan. 2011. “The Human Intellect, Divine Revelation and Knowledge Based on Al-Qaradowi’s Work: al-‘Aql wa al-‘Ilm fi al-Qur’an al-Karim”, Revelation and Science, 1(3), hlm. 1-12.
Mohd Shukri Hanapi. 2012. Tasawur Pembangunan dalam al-Qur’an: Kajian Tafsir al- Mawdu’iy. Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah. Pusat Kajian Pengurusan Pembangunan Islam, Pusat Pengajian Sains Kemasyarakatan, Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Mohd Yusof Othman. 2009. Sains, Masyarakat dan Agama. Kuala Lumpur: Utusan Publications & Distributors Sdn. Bhd.
Mohd Zuhdi Marsuki. 2000. “Pengajian Sains, Teknologi dan Masyarakat: Satu Pendekatan Bersepadu ke Arah Wawasan 2020”, dlm. Abdul Latif Samian & Mohamad Sabri Haron (eds.). Pengajian Umum di Alaf Baru. Bangi, Selangor: Pusat Pengajian Umum, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.
Muhammad Mumtaz Ali. 1994. Islamic and Western Philosophy of Knowledge: Contemporary Methodological Issues. Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publications.
Muhammad Syukri Salleh. 2001. “Konsep dan Perkaedahan Pengurusan Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam”, Pemikir (26), hlm. 1-47.
Muhammad Syukri Salleh. 2003. Tujuh Prinsip Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Zebra Editions Sdn. Bhd.
Muhammad Syukri Salleh. 2008. “Kaedah Penyelidikan Berteraskan Islam: Keperluan, Kedudukan dan Hala Tuju”, Pemikir (54), hlm. 133-164.
Muhammad Syukri Salle. 2011. “Ke Arah Pembinaan Kaedah Penyelidikan Berteraskan Islam”, dlm. Zakaria Bahari, Fadzila Azni Ahmad & Roselee Shah Shaharudin (eds.), Pengurusan Ilmu, Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Berteraskan Islam. Pulau Pinang: Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia.
Mustafa Daud. 1995. Konsep Ibadat Menurut Islam. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Naseer Ahmad Nasir. 1969. “Ibn al-Haitham and His Philosophy”, dlm. Hakim Mohammad Said (ed.). Ibn al-Haitham: Proceedings of the Celebrations of 1000th Anniversary Held Under the Auspices of Hamdard National Foundation. Karachi: Hamdard Academy.
Neuman, W. L. 2011. Social Research Methods, Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches. (7th ed.). Boston: Pearson Education, Inc.
Omar Khaleefa. 1999. “Who is the Founder of Psychophysics and Experimental Psychology?”, The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences, 16(2), hlm. 1-26.
Osman Bakar. 1991. Tawhid and Science: Essays on the History and Philosophy of Islamic Science. Pulau Pinang: Secretariat for Islamic Philosophy and Science.
Osman Bakar. 2009. “Foundational Assumption of Modern Western Science”, syarahan yang dibentangkan dalam Seminar Islam dan Sains dalam Pembangunan Tamadun anjuran bersama Pusat Dialog Peradaban, Universiti Malaya dan YADIM, bertempat di Auditorium Institut Pengajian Siswazah Universiti Malaya, 26-27 Mac. Tidak diterbitkan.
Reevany Bustami, Eleesya Nasruddin & Blaikie, N. 2006. Lima Falsafah Penyelidikan: Paradigma dan Strategi Penyelidikan untuk Sains Sosial dan Pengurusan (Edisi Kedua). Pulau Pinang: KnowledgeCraftsmen.
Rothchild, I. 2006. Induction, Deduction and Scientific Method: An Eclectic Overview of the Practice of Science. Wisconsin: Society for the Study of Reproduction, Inc.
S. Kamal Abdali. 1997. The Correct Qibla. http://patriot.net/~abdali/ftp/qibla.pdf [14 Mac 2013].
Sabitha Marican. 2005. Kaedah Penyelidikan Sains Sosial. Petaling Jaya: Pearson Prentice Hall.
Selamat Amir, Mohd Murshidi Mohd Noor & Ahmad Bazli Ahmad Hilmi. 2012. “Aplikasi Elemen Saintifik dalam Tafsir al-Qur’an: Satu Pengamatan Awal Terhadap Manhaj Zaghlul el-Najjar dalam ‘Tafsir al-Ayah al-Kawniyyah fi al-Qur’an al-Karim’”, Al-Bayan Journal of Qur’an and Hadith Studies, 10(2), hlm. 49-68.
Shaharir Mohamad Zain. 2008. Tabii Kaedah Sains. http://www.kesturi.net/?p=374 [11 Disember 2013].
Shahibuddin Laming. 2006. Pemikiran al-Kindi: Pengaruh terhadap Intelektual Muslim di Malaysia dan Indonesia. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.Sidek Baba. 2009. Fikir dan Zikir. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Smith, R. 2000. Aristotle’s Logic. http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/aristotle-logic/ [3 Ogos 2013].
Sobhi Rayan. 2012. “Islamic Philosophy of Education”, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(19), hlm. 150-156.
Software Kitab Hadith Online Terjemah Indonesia. 2010. Jakarta Timur: Lidwa Pusaka. Diakses pada 9 September 2013 daripada http://lidwa.com/app/.
Thalia A. Arawi. 2010. “The Muslim Physician and the Ethics in Medicine”, Journal of Islamic Medical Association of North America, 42, hlm. 111-116.
Weathington, B. L., Cunningham, C. J. L. & Pittenger, D. L. 2010. Research Methods for the Behavioral and Social Sciences. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
Ziauddin Sardar. 1992. Hujah Sains Islam, terj. Abdul Latif Samian. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JH-2014-0602-08
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN: 1985-6830
eISSN: 2550-2271
JURNAL HADHARI: AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL
Institut Islam Hadhari
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi
Selangor, MALAYSIA.
Phone: +603-8921 7187/7176/6994
Fax: +603-8921 6990
Email: jhadhari@ukm.edu.my
Web: ejournals.ukm.my/jhadhari