Pemuliharaan dan Kajian Burung Enggang Kelingking di Sabak Bernam: Tinjauan Literatur Semasa (Conservation and Studies of Oriental Pied Hornbills in Sabak Bernam: A Review of Current Literature)
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Malaysia sebagai salah sebuah daripada 17 negara-negara di dunia mempunyai kepelbagaian biologi yang tinggi dan unik. Sebagai contoh, terdapat hampir 1000 spesies tumbuhan ubatan, 1000-2000 spesies orkid, lebih 700 spesies ikan, lebih 800 spesies burung serta banyak lagi. Namun begitu, keperluan pembangunan serta penerokaan habitat tabii yang berterusan menjadi antara halangan utama dalam memulihara ekosistem sedia ada di negara kita. Bagi mengenalpasti ketidakseimbangan yang berlaku, para saintis khususnya memantau keberadaaan serta tingkah laku hidupan liar yang terdapat di habitat-habitat berkenaan. Sebagai contoh, burung enggang merupakan antara ikon unik yang sesuai untuk dijadikan sebagai petunjuk biologi bagi kawasan hutan. Ini berdasarkan kepada ekologi dan tingkah lakunya yang mencakupi kawasan yang agak luas, selain amat sensitif terhadap sebarang perubahan di habitat asalnya. Sehubungan dengan itu, satu kajian literatur khusus melibatkan spesies Enggang Kelingking yang sinonim dengan masyarakat tempatan, terutama di perkampungan dan pinggiran bandar telah dijalankan. Mengikut kronologi, terdapat laporan mengenai kehadiran sekumpulan Enggang Kelingking yang berhijrah ke kawasan perladangan serta dusun penduduk di kawasan Sungai Panjang, Sabak Bernam, Selangor. Populasi tersebut menunjukkan tingkah laku yang unik khususnya ketika musim mengawan dengan memilih untuk bersarang di dalam tempayan yang ditinggalkan. Secara amnya, kajian literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengetengahkan maklumat-maklumat semasa berkaitan ekologi serta adaptasi populasi enggang terbabit, di samping menarik minat saintis tempatan untuk bersama-sama fokus terhadap populasi burung enggang di Malaysia, khususnya Enggang Kelingking. Perbincangan melibatkan aktiviti bersarang serta konflik yang timbul turut dibuat bagi mencari solusi dan menjawab persoalan penting melibatkan populasi burung terbabit.
Kata kunci: Pemuliharaan kepelbagaian biologi; adaptasi dan tingkah laku; Burung Enggang Kelingking; Sungai Panjang; Semenanjung Tanah Melayu
ABSTRACT: Malaysia as one of the 17 megadiversity countries in the world, has a high and unique biodiversity. For example, there are almost 1000 species of medicinal plants, 1000-2000 species of orchids, over 700 species of fish, over 800 species of birds and many more. However, the need for continuous development and exploration of natural habitats are some of the main obstacles in conserving existing ecosystem in our country. In order to identify the imbalance that occurs, scientists in particular, monitor the existence and behavior of wildlife found in the habitats concerned. For example, the hornbill is one of the unique icons suitable to be used as a bio-indicator for forest areas. This is based on its ecology and behavior which covers a relatively wide area, besides being very sensitive to any changes in its original habitat. In conjunction with that, a specific literature study involving the species of Oriental Pied Hornbill that is synonymous with local livelihood, especially in villages and suburbs has been made. Chronologically, there are reports of the presence of a group of Oriental Pied Hornbills that entered the plantation area and residents’ gardens in the Sungai Panjang area, Sabak Bernam, Selangor. The population shows a rather unique behavior especially during the mating season by choosing to nest in pots or jars left by the residents there. In general, this literature review aims to highlight new and updated information related to the ecology and adaptation of the hornbill population, as well as attracting the interest of new researchers to focus more on hornbills in Malaysia, especially the Oriental pied species. Discussions involving nesting and foraging activities, and the conflicts that arose were also addressed to find solutions as well as answering important questions involving the migration of the bird population involved.
Keywords: Biodiversity conservation; adaptation and behaviour; Oriental Pied Hornbill; Sungai Panjang; Malay Peninsula
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