Homeownership Conceptual Framework for Urban Livability (Kerangka Konseptual Pemilikan Rumah untuk Dayahuni Bandar)

ELIA SYARAFINA ABDUL SHAKUR, AHMAD FARIZ MOHAMED, ABDUL SAMAD ABDUL HADI

Abstract


ABSTRACT: House is a basic need for individuals and families. Difficulty in owning a house has always been one of the major issues debated by the government, people and private sectors in Malaysia. Current economic conditions have made house purchasing almost impossible to many people due to drastic increases of house prices since 2000. The increases was influenced by macro and micro factors based on demand and supply of houses. Among them are migration of rural population to urban areas that leads to increasing demand for owning and renting a house. Hence, developers and investors have taken this migration process to their advantage by increasing their housing and rental prices to gain more profit. With the increase of home values, homeowners were also burdened with rising costs of maintenance which includes assessment of property tax, costs of maintenance and service. The increasing of house prices and the cost of home ownership will affect the population livability in the city. A conceptual framework has been developed. First, to identify the parameters that affects the ability of prospective first home buyers for middle-income earners in the home. Second is to evaluate the housing access indicator parameters on affordability of homeowners in reference to population livability in the city. The outcome of this study is the development of capability parameters to own a house and housing access for livability. This study findings highlight important criteria required to ensure home ownership to improve livability of urban community. Finally, the criteria could be used in developing a guideline for the government and developers to comply and support to the need of the National Housing Policy.

Keywords: Affordability; housing; ownership; livability; indicator

 

ABSTRAK: Rumah merupakan keperluan asas bagi individu dan keluarga. Kesukaran memiliki rumah telah menjadi salah satu isu utama yang diperdebatkan oleh pihak kerajaan, masyarakat dan pihak swasta di Malaysia. Keadaan ekonomi semasa menyebabkan ramai penduduk tidak mampu untuk membeli rumah akibat peningkatan harga rumah secara drastik sejak tahun 2000. Peningkatan ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor makro dan mikro mengikut permintaan dan penawaran rumah. Antaranya, perpindahan penduduk dari luar bandar ke bandar telah menyebabkan peningkatan permintaan untuk memiliki dan menyewa rumah. Secara tidak langsung, pihak pemaju dan pelabur mengambil peluang untuk mendapatkan keuntungan dengan menawarkan harga rumah yang tinggi. Dengan peningkatan nilai rumah, pemilik rumah juga menghadapi bebanan kos penyelenggaraan yang semakin meningkat seperti cukai taksiran harta, kos-kos penyelenggaraan dan perkhidmatan. Oleh itu, kenaikan harga rumah dan kos pemilikan rumah akan memberi kesan kepada dayahuni penduduk di bandar. Satu kerangka kerja konseptual dibangunkan iaitu pertama, mengenal pasti parameter-parameter yang mempengaruhi kemampuan bakal pembeli rumah pertama bagi golongan berpendapatan sederhana dalam memiliki rumah. Kedua, menilai parameter-parameter indikator akses perumahan bagi kemampuan pemilik rumah untuk dayahuni penduduk di bandar. Hasil kajian adalah pembangunan parameter-parameter kemampuan memiliki rumah dan akses rumah mampu dimiliki dayahuni perumahan. Kajian ini mengenalpasti kriteria yang dapat membantu masyarakat untuk memiliki rumah bagi meningkatkan dayahuni penduduk bandar. Akhir sekali, parameter ini juga akan berfungsi sebagai asas garis panduan kepada pihak kerajaan dan pemaju agar dapat mematuhi dan menyokong matlamat Dasar Perumahan Negara.

Kata kunci: Kemampuan; perumahan; pemilikan; dayahuni; indikator


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