Asas Pendidikan Islam Menurut Pemikiran Sadīd Al-Dīn Muḥammad Al-Kashghāri (M.705/1305): Satu Kajian Terhadap Ṭalibah Al-Ṭalabah Fī Ṭarīq Al-‘Ilm Li Man Ṭalabah (Islamic Educational Foundation Based On Sadīd Al-Dīn Muḥammad Al-Kashghāri’s (M.705/1305) Thought: A Study On Ṭalibah Al-Ṭalabah Fī Ṭarīq Al-‘Ilm Li Man Ṭalabah)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Terdapat pelbagai buku dan karya pendidikan dihasilkan sepanjang sejarah Islam. Hal ini membuktikan perhatian serius para sarjana terhadap bidang tersebut. Karya-karya tentang ilmu, adab dan pendidikan Islam seterusnya menjadi sumber rujukan kepada pelaksanaan sistem pendidikan Islam sepanjang zaman. Oleh yang demikian, artikel ini akan membincangkan salah satu kitab yang amat penting dan belum didedahkan dengan sebaiknya bertajuk Ṭalibah al-Ṭalabah fī Ṭarīq al-‘Ilm li Man Ṭalabah. Setakat ini, manuskrip ini belum dikaji dan diperkenalkan kepada khalayak pembaca termasuklah perihal kodikologi, sejarah, kepengarangan dan juga kandungan berkait tema pendidikan. Begitu juga perihal pengarangnya Sadīd al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Kashgarī, maklumat terhadap latar belakang beliau adalah terhad sedangkan pemikiran dan sumbangan beliau didapati bukan sahaja berkembang di Kashgar, malah terdapat pengaruhnya di Mekah, Yaman dan juga alam Melayu. Oleh itu, artikel ini mengemukakan latar biografi pengarang dan juga beberapa asas pendidikan Islam menurut beliau dalam kitab Ṭalibah al-Ṭalabah fī Ṭarīq al-‘Ilm li Man Ṭalabah berdasarkan kaedah analisis kandungan. Dua tema utama dikemukakan, iaitu mengenai matlamat dan tujuan belajar serta konsep ilmu dan kurikulum pendidikan Islam. Kajian mendapati dalam kedua-dua aspek tersebut pemikiran beliau selaras dengan tokoh pendidikan Islam sebelumnya, khususnya al-Zarnūjī dan al-Ghazālī. Diharapkan dengan kajian ini pemikiran dan karya al-Kashgarī ini dapat diperkenalkan seterusnya membawa kepada banyak kajian lanjutan berkaitan topik ini.

Kata kunci: Ṭalibah al-Ṭalabah; al-Kashgarī; kajian manuskrip; pendidikan Islam

ABSTRACT: Various books and treatises about education have been produced throughout Islamic writing history. This development shows that Islamic scholars are paying serious attention to education. Their works on knowledge, ethics and Islamic education have become primary resources for implementing education throughout the ages until now. Therefore, this article will discuss one of the most incredibly important and has not been well-studied in Islamic education, namely Ṭalibah al-Ṭalabah fī Ṭarīq al-‘Ilm li Man Ṭalabah. This manuscript has not yet been studied and acknowledged to the reader, including codicology, history, authorship and educational theme. In addition, the writing on the background of the author, Sadīd al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Kashgarī is also limited. In contrast, his contribution is not specified in his country, Kashgār, but also Mecca, Yamen and the Malay world. Thus, this article is expected to expose the author’s biography and discuss al-Kashgarī’s thoughts on Islamic educational foundation in his Ṭalibah al-Ṭalabah fī Ṭarīq al- ‘Ilm li Man Ṭalabah based on a content analysis method. Two main topics have been discussed: the aim and objective of learning and the knowledge and Islamic education curriculum. This study reveals that his thought on Islamic educational foundation was in line with previous Islamic scholars, especially al-Zarnūjī and al-Ghazālī. Thus, this article is expected to introduce Sadīd al-Dīn Muḥammad al-Kashgarī and his works on education that led to many further discussions on this topic.

Keywords: Ṭalibah al-Ṭalabah; al-Kashgarī; manuscript studies; Islamic education