Diaspora Jawa di Malaysia: Perspektif Budaya dan Bahasa (Javanese Diaspora in Malaysia: Cultural and Language Perspectives)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Diaspora Jawa merupakan masyarakat suku Jawa yang tinggal di luar tanah asalnya (pulau Jawa), yang tersebar di Indonesia dan luar negeri seperti Malaysia. Mengenal pasti perihal diaspora Jawa di Malaysia perlu dikaji secara mendalam. Untuk mengkajinya perlu dilaksanakan penelitian. Adapun hal yang dikaji dalam penelitian ini ialah tentang perspektif budaya dan bahasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan data berupa bahasa dan sosial budaya yang bersumber daripada informan dan daripada tulisan-tulisan yang terkait dengan bahasa dan budaya diaspora Jawa di Malaysia. Data tersebut dikumpulkan menggunakan kaedah cakap, dengar, dan etnografi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan memaparkan situasi diaspora Jawa dari sudut budaya dan bahasa. Hasil analisis diketahui bahawa diaspora Jawa telah mendiami Malaysia semenjak akhir abad ke-19. Pada aspek sosial budaya, diaspora Jawa masih mempertahankan identiti kejawaannya seperti budaya kenduri. Budaya agraria yang menjadi ciri orang Jawa sudah tidak tampak di Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia, mereka sebahagian besar adalah pekebun kelapa sawit. Saat ini, diaspora Jawa di Malaysia telah sampai pada generasi kelima, meskipun masih terdapat beberapa orang yang termasuk generasi kedua, tetapi golongan produktif saat ini adalah generasi ketiga dan keempat. Bahasa Jawa sebagai salah satu penanda identiti Jawa masih dituturkan oleh diaspora Jawa, meskipun hal tersebut tidak berlaku bagi generasi kelima. Secara garis besar dapat dibuat kesimpulan bahawa identiti keadaan diaspora Jawa di Malaysia telah mengalami akulturasi dengan budaya setempat, iaitu Melayu.

Kata kunci: Diaspora Jawa; bahasa; sosial budaya

ABSTRACT: The Javanese diaspora is a population of Javanese tribes living outside of their native land (the island of Java), which is dispersed throughout Indonesia and neighbouring nations such as Malaysia. Identification of the Javanese diaspora in Malaysia requires in-depth study. To investigate it, research is necessary. Cultural and linguistic views are the subject matter of this investigation. This study employs linguistic and sociocultural data gathered from informants and writings pertaining to the language and culture of the Javanese diaspora in Malaysia. The data was gathered through the use of speaking, listening, and ethnography. The data is descriptively analysed by presenting the situation of the Javanese diaspora from the perspective of culture and language. The analysis reveals that the Javanese diaspora has resided in Malaysia from the end of the nineteenth century. The kenduri culture demonstrates that the Javanese diaspora maintains its Javanese identity in terms of social and cultural features. In Sepang, Selangor, Malaysia, the agrarian culture that is typical of the Javanese is no longer evident, as the majority of residents are oil palm farmers. Currently, the Javanese diaspora in Malaysia has reached the fifth generation, while some individuals still belong to the second. Third and fourth generations are the present productive group. As one of the identifiers of Javanese identity, Javanese is still spoken by the Javanese diaspora, however this is no longer true for the fifth generation. In general, it can be stated that the identity of the Javanese diaspora in Malaysia has undergone acculturation with the local culture, specifically the Malay culture.

Keywords: Javanese diaspora; language; socio culture