Konflik Malaysia-Kesultanan Sulu: The Tertius Gaudens dan Hak-Hak Pihak dalam Pertikaian

MOHD FAIZAL MUSA

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Peristiwa pencerobohan di Lahad Datu dan Semporna, Sabah oleh tentera Kesultanan Sulu pada bulan FebruariMac 2013 membawa kepada banyak perbincangan mengenai sejarah Kesultanan Sulu dan kedudukannya hari ini dari sudut undang-undang. Makalah ini walau bagaimanapun meninjau insiden tersebut dari sorot disiplin sosiologi politik. Objektif makalah adalah untuk membincangkan pertamanya, saranan dialog dan kaedah berkesan bagi mengelakkan konflik yang terjadi di Sabah kian berpanjangan. Setelah mengambil kira sistem ‘dyad’ yang dipraktikkan oleh bangsa Taousug iaitu etnik paling dominan dalam Kesultanan Sulu, kerangka dialog yang dikemukakan adalah ‘the tertius gaudens’. Ia merupakan formulasi yang disaran oleh Georg Simmel lantas dihubungkan dengan ‘Hipotesis Seimbang’ oleh Fritz Heider. Keduanya, makalah ini membincangkan isu hak-hak asasi manusia dan keadaan kemanusiaan yang terjadi ekoran pencerobohan tersebut. Makalah menyatakan insiden di Lahad Datu dan Semporna tersebut tidak mewajarkan pemomokan terhadap etnik Taosug dalam masyarakat.

Kata kunci: kesultanan Sulu, pemomokan, sistem dyad, hipotesis seimbang, hak asasi manusia

 

ABSTRACT: The intrusion in Lahad Datu and Semporna, Sabah by the Sulu Sultanate royal army in February-March 2013 led to much discussion about the history of the Sultanate of Sulu and its position today from a legal standpoint. This paper, however, looks at the incident from political sociology perspective. The objectives are to discuss firstly, the most effective method of dialogue to avoid the conflict in Sabah to be prolonged. After taking into account the ‘dyad’ system practiced by the people of Taousug, ‘the tertius Gaudens’ is presented as the reasonable framework. It is a formulation that have been suggested by Georg Simmel and connects here with ‘Balance Hypothesis’ as proposed by Fritz Heider. Secondly, this paper discusses the issue of human rights and humanitarian situation that occurred following the intrusion. This paper stated that the incident in Lahad Datu and Semporna does not justify any stigmatization against ethnic Taosug in the society.

Key words: Sulu sultanate, stigmatization, dyad system, balance hypotesis, human rights


Full Text:

PDF

References


Akil Yunus. 2013. Lahad Datu: Ban Ki-moon calls for swift, peaceful end to Sabah intrusion. 7 Mac. New Straits Times. http://www.nst.com.my/latest/font-color-red-lahad-datufont-ban-ki-moon-calls-for-swift-peaceful-end-to-sabahintrusion-1.230317

Alipala, J. 2008. Sulu sultanate seeks humane treatment of Filipinos in Sabah. 19 Julai. Inquirer Global Nation. http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/breakingnews/view/20080719-149474/Sulu-sultanate-seeks-humanetreatment-of-Filipinos in-Sabah (2 Mac 2013).

Alipala, J. 2013. PH humanitarian team banned from Lahad Datu. 3 Mac. Inquirer Global Nation. http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66393/ph-humanitarian-teambanned-from-lahad-datu (3 Mac 2013).

Alipala, J. &. Ubac, M.L. 2008. For deported Filipinos it’s Sabah or bust. 24 Julai. Philippine Daily Inquirer. http://globalnation.inquirer.net/news/news/view/20080724-150309/For-deported-Filipinos-its-Sabah-or-bust (2 Mac 2013).

Arzura Idris. 2012. Malaysia and forced migration. Intellectual Discourse 20 (1): 31-54.

Asreemoro. 2007. Tausug dan Kesultanan Sulu. Batu Caves: RNH Marketing Sdn Bhd.

Barkdull, C., Khaja, K., Tajalli, I.Q., Swart, A., Cunningham, D. & Dennis, S. 2011. Experiences of Muslims in four western countries post–9/11. Affilia: Journal of Women and Social Work 26(2): 139-153.

Carcamo, D. 2013. Drilon: PNoy on top of Sabah situation. 4 Mac. PhilStar.com. http://www.philstar.com/nation/2013/03/04/915714/drilon-pnoy-top-sabah-situation (4 Mac 2013).

Cartalucci, T. 2013. US-Saudi funded terrorists invade eastern Malaysian state of Sabah. PressTv. 9 Mac. (20 Mac 2013).

Cesar Adib Majul. 1999. Muslims in the Philippines. Quezon City: University of the Philippines Press.

Chong, D. 2013. Sulu royalty open to talks wants recognition of Sabah claim. 3 Mac. The Malaysian Insider. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/sulu-royaltyopen-to-talks-wants-recognition-of-sabah-claim/ (3 Mac 2013).

Chooi, C. 2013a. Manila now says up to Malaysia to handle Sulu militants. 4 Mac. The Malaysian Insider. http://

www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/manilaseriously-studying-sulu-sultans-sabah-claims-says-aquinospokesman/ (4 Mac 2013).

Chooi, C. 2013b. Filipino refugees claim of police brutality in Sulu roundup. 10 Mac. The Malaysian Insider. http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/malaysia/article/filipinorefugees-claim-of-police-brutality-in-sulu-roundup/

Cruz, A.D. 2013. Pastor Boy Saycon admits he’s sultan’s adviser. 3 Mac. Philippine Daily Inquirer. http://globalnation.inquirer.net/66385/pastor-boy-saycon-admitshes-sultans-adviser (3 Mac 2013).

Dehm, S. 2012. Sovereignty, protection and the limits to regional refugee status determination arrangements. Merkourios 28 (75):53-60.

Dolan, R.E. 1991. Philippines: A Country Study. Washington DC: GPO for the Library of Congress.

Dzulasree. 2009. Di sebalik summit 17 nov & council of royal datus. 8 Disember. Kesultanan Sulu. http://tausugglobal.blogspot.com/2009/12/di-sebalik-summit-17-novcouncil-of.html (4 Mac 2013).

Espejo, E. 2013. Pinoys in Sabah afraid claim they’re segregated. 5 Mac. Rappler. http://www.rappler.com/nation/23084- pinoys-in-sabah-afraid-claim-they-re-segregated (4 Mac 2013).

Gloria, G.M. 2013. The forgotten problem of Sabah’s halaw. 4 Mac. Rappler. Penerbitan semula wawancara pada tahun 2002 di Newsbreak. http://www.rappler.com/newsbreak/23009-the-forgotten-problem-of-sabah-s-halaw%20%20 (4 Mac 2013)


Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


 


ISSN 2289-1706 | e-ISSN : 2289-4268 

Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA

© Copyright UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia