Exploring the rationality and potential mismatches in the tourism driven economic development of Shanxi, China: An input-output analysisis

Song Liangkai, Rosniza Aznie Che Rose

Abstract


As Shanxi Province transitions from a resource-dependent economy to one increasingly driven by tourism, assessing whether its tourism spatial structure generates coherent and equitable economic benefits is vital. This study applies an input-output framework combined with spatial econometric methods to evaluate the rationality of Shanxi’s tourism development. By constructing a Tourism Economic Linkage Model, the research measures how tourism investments translate into local economic linkages, backward and forward multiplier effects and inter-industry connections. Findings reveal significant mismatches between planned tourism clusters and the actual distribution of economic benefits. While some cities exhibit strong input-output linkages that amplify tourism’s local impact, others remain poorly integrated, resulting in resource misallocation and limited spillover effects. The Spatial Mismatch Index (SMI) further quantifies these disparities, highlighting zones where benefits fail to materialize as intended. This analysis underscores the need for policymakers to look beyond spatial blueprints and measure how tourism spending circulates within local economies. By demonstrating how input-output analysis can be combined with spatial techniques to detect structural gaps, this study provides empirical evidence to refine regional tourism strategies, strengthen supply chains and promote more balanced regional development. The findings offer practical insights for Shanxi and similar regions seeking to ensure that tourism’s promise of sustainable growth is realized through effective economic linkages and spatial coherence.

 

Keywords: Comprehensive evaluation function, input-out analysis, rationality evaluation, Spatial Econometric Model, Spatial Mismatch Index (SMI), tourism spatial structure


Keywords


Comprehensive evaluation function, input-out analysis, rationality evaluation, Spatial Econometric Model, Spatial Mismatch Index (SMI), tourism spatial structure

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References


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