Analisis Leksikografi dan Semantik Perkataan al-Kafur dalam Al-Qur’an (Analysis of Lexicography and Semantic The word al-Kafur in the Quran)
Abstract
Perkataan al-Kafur merupakan antara istilah tumbuh-tumbuhan yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur’an. Perkataan al-Kafur direkodkan sekali sahaja dalam Al-Qur’an iaitu dalam surah al-Insan ayat kelima. Perkataan al-Kafur dalam bahasa Arab dapat dilihat perbincangannya dalam bidang filologi Arab, hadith, tafsir Al-Qur’an, leksikografi dan syair Arab. Terdapat perselisihan pendapat dalam kalangan sarjana Arab-Islam bagi menentukan maksud perkataan al-Kafur. Sebahagian daripada mereka merujuk kepada maksud kapur barus, manakala sebahagian yang lain merujuk kepada maksud pokok oleander dan beberapa maksud yang lain. Faktor yang menyebabkan perselisihan dalam kalangan sarjana Arab-Islam adalah kerana perkataan al-Kafur yang terdapat dalam Al-Qur'an merujuk kepada nikmat yang terdapat di dalam syurga. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mencari maksud sebenar perkataan al-Kafur seperti yang digambarkan dalam Al-Qur’an. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif yang menggunakan kaedah kajian perpustakaan dalam proses pengumpulan dan penganalisisan data. Untuk mendapatkan data yang lengkap, perbincangan juga turut melibatkan konteks penggunaan perkataan al-Kafur dalam tafsir Al-Qur’an, hadith dan juga syair-syair Arab. Selain itu, kajian ini juga menggunakan data perbandingan dari bidang sains pertanian dan sains perubatan Islam. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa kapur barus adalah tafsiran yang paling hampir dengan perkataan al-Kafur seperti yang digambarkan dalam Al-Qur'an. Kajian ini dapat merungkaikan konflik dalam memahami ayat Al-Quran dan pada masa yang sama menolak dakwaan bahawa terdapat ketidaksempurnaan dalam kandungan Al-Qur'an.
Kata kunci: Al-Kafur; Al-Qur’an; analisis teks; leksikografi Arab; semantik
ABSTRACT
The word al-Kafur is one of terms used for plants in the Quran. Al-Kafur is only cited once in the Quran, which is in the fifth verse of al-Insan. Discussions of the word al-Kafur in Arabic language can be found in the fields of Arabic philology, hadith, Quranic interpretation, lexicography and Arabic poetry. There were disagreements among Arab-Islamic scholars in determining the meaning of word al-Kafur. Some of them refer to it as cinnamomum camphora, some refer to it as the oleander tree, while others gave it other meanings. The factor that led to the dispute among Arab-Islamic scholars was due to the fact that word al-Kafur in the Quran carries the meaning of blessings in heaven. This study aims to elucidate the meaning of the word al-Kafur as described in the Quran. The study adopted a qualitative approach, which used the library search method in data collection and analysis. In an effort to achieve substantial data, the discussion involved the use of the world al-Kafur in different context as used in the interpretations of Quran, hadiths and Arabic poetry. This study also used comparative data from the fields of agricultural science and Islamic medical sciences. Finding from this study showed that the closest interpretation of the world al-Kafur as described in the Quran is cinnamomum camphora. This study has dissolved the conflict in understanding the Quranic verse and rejects allegations of imperfections in the content of the Quran.
Keywords: Al-Kafur; Quran; text analysis; Arabic lexicography; semantic
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2018-1802-18
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