Delikuidasi Kata Pinjaman Arab dalam Dialek Kelantan (Deliquidation of Arabic Loanwords in Kelantan Dialect)
Abstract
Modifikasi fonologi sering berlaku ke atas fonem asing dalam kata pinjaman. Lazimnya, fonem asing akan digantikan dengan fonem natif yang paling hampir. Hal ini kerana setiap bahasa mempunyai peraturan tentang penyusunan onset, nukleus dan koda serta mempunyai sistem fonotaktik tersendiri. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan melihat isu kata pinjaman bahasa Arab dalam dialek Kelantan dengan memfokuskan kepada modifikasi fonologi yang dominan, iaitu proses delikuidasi. Delikuidasi merujuk kepada proses fonologi pengguguran konsonan likuida yang mempunyai ciri sonoran seperti /l/ dan /r/ pada posisi koda akhir kata. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah senarai kata yang mengandungi sebanyak 46 kata pinjaman Arab. Seramai 15 orang penutur natif dialek Kelantan yang terdiri daripada enam lelaki dan sembilan wanita berumur antara 15 hingga 55 tahun telah diminta menyebut perkataan-perkataan tersebut dalam dialek Kelantan. Data yang dikumpulkan telah ditranskripsikan bagi meneliti pola penyebutan kata pinjaman bahasa Arab dalam dialek ini. Kemudiannya, data dianalisis dengan mengaplikasikan teori fonologi yang berdasarkan kepada tatatingkat kekangan, iaitu teori Optimaliti. Hasil dapatan menunjukkan kekangan JAJAR-LIKUIDA memainkan peranan yang sangat penting dalam menjelaskan isu delikuidasi yang berlaku di mana konsonan likuida lateral /l/ dan rotik /r/ di posisi akhir kata pinjaman bahasa Arab dalam dialek Kelantan digugurkan seperti /ħalaːl/ menjadi [halaː] dan /faʒr/ menjadi [faʤa]. Dalam hal peminjaman kata bahasa Arab, proses fonologi delikuidasi telah secara dominannya mengubah struktur sebutan kata Arab mengikut struktur fonologi dialek Kelantan.
Katakunci: bahasa Arab; teori Optimaliti; delikuidasi; kata pinjaman; dialek Kelantan
ABSTRACT
Phonological modifications often apply to foreign phonemes in loanwords. Generally, foreign phonemes are replaced by nearest native phonemes. This is because each language has its own rules of onset, nucleus, coda as well as phonotactic system. Hence, this study aims to investigate the issue of Arabic loanwards in Kelantan dialect by focusing on the most dominant phonological modification, namely deliquidation process. Deliquidation refers to the phonological process of liquid consonant deletion which has sonorant features, namely /l/ and /r/ in the final coda position. This study uses a list of words containing 46 Arabic loanwords. A total of 15 native speakers of Kelantan dialect consisting of six males and nine females aged between 15 and 55 were asked to pronounce the words in the Kelantan dialect. The collected data were transcribed to examine the pattern of Arabic loanwords pronunciation in this dialect. Subsequently, the data were analysed by applying a phonological theory based on constraints hierarchy, namely Optimality theory. The findings show that ALIGN-LIQUID constraint plays a crucial role in explaining the issue of deliquidation where the lateral consonant /l/ and rhotic /r/ in the final position of the Arab loanwords were deleted as in /ħalaːl/ into [halaː] and /faʒr/ into [faʤa]. In the case of Arabic loanwords, the phonological process of deliquidation has dominantly affected the Arabic structure so as to conform to the phonological system of Kelantan dialect.
Keywords: Arabic; Optimality Theory; deliquidation; loanwords; Kelantanese dialect
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/gema-2018-1804-15
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