Kegiatan Sosioekonomi Orang Asli Seletar di Kampung Bakar Batu, Johor Bahru (Socioeconomic Activities of the Seletar Indigenous People in Kampung Bakar Batu, Johor Bahru)

Abstract

Orang asli (OA) Seletar merupakan salah satu kumpulan OA yang berada di bawah kategori Melayu-Proto bersama suku-suku lain seperti Temuan, Semelai, Jakun, Kanaq dan Kuala. OA Seletar turut diiktiraf sebagai salah satu komuniti orang laut bersama-sama dengan OA Kuala memandangkan keseluruhan kehidupan mereka bergantung kepada dunia laut. Pemahaman OA Seletar terhadap dunia laut sememangnya berbeza dengan orang kebanyakan kerana laut merupakan tempat mereka mencari rezeki dan menyara keluarga. Oleh sebab itu, majoriti OA Seletar telah menjadikan pekerjaan nelayan bagi mendapatkan hasil pendapatan untuk menjamin kelangsungan hidup. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti kegiatan sosioekonomi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat OA Seletar di Kampung Bakar Batu, Johor Bahru. Kajian ini telah menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif seperti kaedah temu bual secara mendalam, pemerhatian turut serta dan kaedah kepustakaan. Seramai lima orang informan telah ditemu bual bagi mendapatkan maklumat yang diperlukan. Pemerhatian turut serta juga telah dilakukan bagi mendapatkan bahan bukti untuk menyokong maklumat yang diperolehi semasa sesi temu bual. Hasil daripada kajian mendapati bahawa masyarakat OA Seletar di Kampung Bakar Batu telah menjalankan dua kegiatan sosioekonomi yang utama iaitu nelayan tradisional dan penjualan umpan pancing. Walau bagaimanapun, kedua-dua kegiatan sosioekonomi ini turut mendatangkan cabaran kepada komuniti OA Seletar akibat daripada kerja-kerja pembangunan yang dijalankan berhampiran dengan kawasan penempatan mereka. Kajian ini secara tidak langsung penting bagi mendokumentasikan tentang kegigihan komuniti OA Seletar dalam menjalankan kegiatan sosioekonomi untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup serta taraf ekonomi mereka.

Kata kunci: Kesejahteraan hidup; kualiti kehidupan; orang asli; orang asli Seletar; sosioekonomi

Abstract: Orang Asli (OA) Seletar is one of indigenous group categorized under Proto-Malay group alongside with other tribes such as Temuan, Semelai, Jakun, Kanaq and Kuala. OA Seletar also has been recognized as one of sea gypsies group, alongside with OA Kuala because their entire livelihood depends on the sea. Besides that, their understanding of the marine world is different with common people as the sea is not just a source of sustenance but also means to provide to their families. Because of that, most of OA Seletar have taken up fishing as their main occupation to ensure their survival. This study aims to identify the socioeconomic activities carried out by the Seletar indigenous community in Kampung Bakar Batu, Johor Bahru. This study has used a qualitative approach such as in-depth interview methods, participant observation, and library methods. A total of five informants were interviewed to obtain the necessary information. Participatory observation was also done to obtain evidence to support the information obtained during the interview session. The results of the study found that the Seletar community in Kampung Bakar Batu has carried out two main socioeconomic activities, namely traditional fishing and the sale of fishing bait. However, these activities are increasingly challenged by development projects near their settlement areas. This study is indirectly important to document the persistence of the Seletar community in carrying out socioeconomic activities to improve their living standards and economic standards.

Keywords: well-being, quality of life, indigenous people, Seletar people, socioeconomic

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