Tema dan Isu Induk Perbahasan Akidah dalam Al-Muqaddimāt Karya Muhammad bin Yūsuf Al-Sanūsī

Abstract

Al-Muqaddimāt merupakan salah satu karya akidah Muhammad bin Yūsuf al-Sanūsī yang masyhur. Walaubagaimanapun, tema dan isu perbahasan yang dimuatkan di dalam karya tersebut dilihat amat berbeza dengan karya-karya akidah lain. Ini kerana perbahasan ilāhiyyāt, nubūwwāt dan samʻiyyāt yang menjadi perbahasan utama akidah tidak diperbahaskan secara khusus di dalamnya. Justeru, artikel ini dihasilkan bagi melihat secara mendalam apakah tema dan isu induk yang terdapat dalam al-Muqaddimāt selain menonjolkan hubungkait karya tersebut dengan karya-karya akidah lain serta peranannya dalam kajian-kajian akidah. Objektif dan perbincangan yang diketengahkan melalui artikel ini ialah: [i] pengenalan terhadap al-Muqaddimāt; [ii] tema dan isu perbahasan akidah dalam al-Muqaddimāt; dan [iii] peranan serta kepentingan al-Muqaddimāt dalam kajian akidah. Penulisan artikel ini dilakukan berasaskan kajian kualitatif dengan metode analisis kandungan terhadap al-Muqaddimāt berserta huraiannya yang berjudul Sharḥ al-Muqaddimāt yang juga merupakan karya al-Sanūsī. Selain itu, karya-karya ulama lain yang berkaitan dengan perbincangan juga dilihat bagi mengukuhkan analisis. Dapatan awal mendapati bahawa al-Muqaddimāt berserta huraiannya merupakan salah satu dari lima karya akidah utama al-Sanūsī yang digelar al-Silsilah al-ʻAqdiyyah al-Sanūsiyyah (rantaian karya-karya akidah al-Sanūsī). Ia berperanan sebagai pengantar kepada karya-karya akidah dan ilmu Kalam yang berteraskan fahaman Ahli Sunah Waljamaah. Memahami kandungan al-Muqaddimāt secara mendalam dilihat menjadi pemangkin kepada pemahaman akidah yang benar menerusi karya-karya lain. Justeru, pemahaman akidah melalui karya-karya lain amat bergantung kepada pemahaman kandungan al-Muqaddimāt terlebih dahulu kerana peranannya sebagai pengantar.

Kata kunci: Muhammad bin Yūsuf al-Sanūsī; al-Muqaddimāt; perbahasan akidah; tema; isu induk

Abstract: Al-Muqaddimāt is one of Muhammad bin Yūsuf al-Sanūsī's famous works of ʻaqīdah. However, the themes and issues of debate contained in the work are seen to be very different from other works of ʻaqīdah. This is because the debates of ilāhiyyāt, nubūwwāt and samʻiyyāt which are the main debates of faith are not specifically discussed in it. Thus, this article was produced to look in depth at the main themes and issues found in al-Muqaddimāt in addition to highlighting the relationship between the work and other religious works as well as its role in religious studies. The objectives and discussions highlighted through this article are: [i] introduction to al-Muqaddimāt; [ii] themes and issues of faith debate in al-Muqaddimāt; and [iii] the role and importance of al-Muqaddimāt in the study of faith. The writing of this article is based on a qualitative study with the method of content analysis of al-Muqaddimāt along with its description entitled Sharḥ al-Muqaddimāt which is also the work of al-Sanūsī. In addition, the works of other scholars related to the discussion are also seen to strengthen the analysis. Preliminary findings found that al-Muqaddimāt along with its description is one of al-Sanūsī's five main ʻaqīdah works called al-Silsilah al-ʻAqdiyyah al-Sanūsiyyah (chain of ʻaqīdah works of al-Sanūsī). It acts as an introduction to works of ʻAqīdah and ʻĪlm Kalam based on the understanding of Ahli Sunah Waljamaah. Understanding the content of al-Muqaddimāt in depth is seen as a catalyst for understanding the true faith through other works. Therefore, understanding the ʻaqīdah through other works is very dependent on understanding the content of al-Muqaddimāt first because of its role as an introduction.

Keywords: Muhammad bin Yūsuf al-Sanūsī; al-Muqaddimāt; faith debate; theme; main issue

References

Al-Dusūqī, Muhammad bin Ahmad. (2020). Ḥashiyah al-dusūqī ʻalā sharḥ umm al-barāhīn. Dār al-Kutub al-ʻIlmiyyah.

Al-Mallālī, Muhammad bin Ibrāhīm bin ʻUmar. (t.th.). Al-Mawāhib al-qudsiyyah. Dār al-Kutub al-Waṭaniyyah.

Al-Nawawī, Muḥyī al-Dīn Abī Zakariyya Yaḥyā bin Sharaf. (2020). Sharḥ ṣaḥīḥ muslim. Māzin bin Muhammad al-Sirsāwī (pnyt.). Jilid 2 & 3. Dār al-Minhāj al-Qawīm.

Al-Quran Al-Karim. (2000). Al-Quran darul iman. Pustaka Darul Iman.

Al-Qurṭubī, Muhammad Bin Ahmad bin Abī Bakr. (2006). Tafsīr al-qurṭubī al-jāmiʻ li aḥkām al-qur’ān. Jilid 2. Mu’assasah al-Risālah.

Al-Sanūsī, Muhammad bin Yūsuf. (2009). Sharḥ al-muqaddimāt. Saʻīd ʻAbd al-Latīf Fūdah (pnyt.). Mu’assasah al-Maʻārif.

Al-Sanūsī, Muhammad bin Yūsuf. (2019). Al-Muqaddimāt. Terj. Hilmi Marjunit. Apologia PLT.

Al-Sanūsī, Muhammad bin Yūsuf. (2019). Sharḥ al-ʻaqīdah al-kubrā. Anas Muhammad ʻAdnān al-Sharfāwī (pnyt.). Dār al-Taqwā.

Al-Sanūsī, Muhammad bin Yūsuf. (2019). Sharḥ wāsiṭah al-sulūk. Nizār Hammādī (pnyt.). Dār al-Imām Ibn ʻArafah.

Al-Saraqusṭī, Abū Isḥāq Ibrāḥim ibn Abī al-Ḥasan ʻAlī al-Bannānī. (2015). Al-Mawāhib al-rabbāniyyah fī sharḥ al-muqaddimāt al-sanūsiyyah. Kashīdah lī al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʻ.

Al-Shafshāwanī, Muhammad bin ʻAskar al-Ḥasanī. (1397H). Dawḥah al-nāshir li maḥāsin man kāna bī al-Maghrib min mashā’ikh al-qarn al-ʻāshir. Dār al-Maghrib.

Al-Sharfāwī, Anas Muhammad. (2019). Muqaddimah al-muḥaqqiq. Dalam Al-Sanūsī, Abū ʻAbdillah Muhammad bin Yūsuf. Sharḥ al-Muqaddimāt. Anas Muhammad ʻAdnān al-Sharfāwī (pnyt.). Dār al-Ṭaqwā.

Al-ʻUtaybī, Saʻūd bin Saʻd bin Numara. (2009). Ḍawābiṭ istiʻmāl al-muṣṭalaḥāt al-ʻaqdiyyah wa al-fikriyyah ʻind Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʻah. Markaz al-Ta’ṣīl li al-Dirāsāt wa al-Buḥūth.

Āmāl Nāṣir Faḍl. (2022). The danger of unbelief and polytheism in God in the light of the noble quran. International Islamic Sciences Journal, 6(2), 80-113. http://ojs.mediu.edu.my/index.php/IISJ/article/view/3762

Engku Wok Zin Engku Ku Hassan & Mohd Fauzi Hamat (2009). (2009). Pengaruh Umm al-Barahin karangan Al-Sanusi dalam penulisan karya akidah di alam Melayu. Jurnal Usuluddin, 30 (1), 1–31. https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/JUD/article/view/7331

Fūdah, Saʻīd ʻAbd al-Laṭīf. (2009). Muqaddimah al-muḥaqqiq. Dlm al-Sanūsī Muhammad bin Yūsuf. Sharḥ al-Muqaddimāt. Mu’assasah al-Maʻārif.

Fūdah, Saʻīd ʻAbd al-Laṭīf. (2022). Al-Sharḥ al-jadīd ʻalā muqaddimāt al-Sanūsī. al-Aṣlayn li al-Dirāsāt wa al-Nashr.

Khadijah Mohd Khambali & Mohd Zaidi Daud. (2022). Pemerkasaan akidah Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jamāʻah: Ke arah penguatkuasaan dan penyeragaman standard sighah fatwa. Journal of Ifta and Islamic Heritage, 1(1), 88-119. https://ejournal.muftiwp.gov.my/index.php/jiftah/article/view/15

Khalif Muammar. (2013). Islam dan Pluralisme: Memperkukuh tawhid di zaman kekeliruan. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.

Mohd Fauzi Hamat (2004). Sumbangan pengajian akidah dalam membangun minda melayu: Suatu sorotan ringkas. Jurnal AFKAR, 5(1), 25-44. https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/afkar/article/view/12177

Mohd Hamidi Ismail. (2017, Disember 10). Metodologi pengajian akidah Ahli Sunah Waljamaah: Referensi khas kepada manhaj al-Asha'irah. Seminar Kebangsaan Asyairah Ahli Sunnah Wal Jamaah: Menjernihkan pemikiran masyarakat ke arah pegangan majoriti umat, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia.

Muhadir Joll. (2021). Sifat dua puluh: Suatu pengenalan asas. Galeri Ilmu Sdn. Bhd.

Muslim, Abū al-Hasan ibn al-Ḥajjāj. (2007). Ṣaḥīḥ muslim. Dār al-Ghadd al-Jadīd.

Mustafa Kamal Amat Misra & Mohd Hakim Arshad. (2018). Peranan Muhammad bin Yusuf al-Sanūsī terhadap kelangsungan manhaj al-Ashāʻirah. IRSYAD E-Proceeding. International Conference on Islamiyyat Studies, 294-301. https://conference.kuis.edu.my/irsyad/images/eproceeding/2018/1040-irsyad-2018.pdf

ʻUmar Mabrakī. (2021). Al-Ilāhiyyāt ʻind al-Imām al-Sanūsī. Dār al-Nūr al-Mubīn lī al-Nashr wa al-Tawzīʻ.

Wan Haslan Khairuddin. (2022). Kerangka kajian ajaran sesat menurut Ahli Sunah Waljamaah. Journal of Ifta and Islamic Heritage, 1(1), 120-149. https://ejournal.muftiwp.gov.my/index.php/jiftah/article/view/16

Zakaria Stapa, Indriaty Ismail, Wan Fariza Alyati, Abdul Rahman Mahmood, Mohd Haidhar Kamarzaman & Mohd Faizul Azmi. (2018). Sejarah al-Asha’ri dan al-Asha’irah di Nusantara. Jabatan Kemajuan Islam Malaysia.