Tahap Kelestarian Pertanian Komuniti Pekebun Kecil Koko (KPKK) di Zon Pantai Timur Sabah (PTS)

Abstract

Penurunan produktiviti tanaman koko seringkali dikaitkan dengan kuantiti, kualiti dan demografi pekebun kecil yang semakin berusia. Amalan pertanian baik (APB) yang tidak dipraktiskan dengan konsisten juga mempengaruhi kelestarian pertanian komuniti pekebun kecil koko (KPKK). Justeru, kajian bertujuan untuk mendeksripsi profil KPKK di zon Pantai Timur Sabah dan mengenal pasti tahap kelestarian pertanian KPKK dari segi sosial, ekonomi dan alam sekitar. Reka bentuk kajian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan penyelidikan tinjauan dilaksanakan ke atas 195 orang responden KPKK menggunakan borang soal selidik. Landasan model kajian adalah berdasarkan Model Kelestarian Pertanian. Item kajian mempunyai nilai kebolehpercayaan yang tinggi berjumlah antara 0.874 sehingga 0.934. Data kajian dianalisis secara deksriptif menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 26.0. Kajian menunjukkan majoriti pekebun kecil merupakan generasi pertama penanam koko, berumur lingkungan 51 sehingga 60 tahun dan berpengalaman 1 hingga 20 tahun dalam bidang pertanian. Tahap kelestarian pertanian berada pada tahap tinggi yang didominasi oleh aspek sosial (min 4.27). Diikuti, dengan kelestarian pertanian dari segi ekonomi (min 4.25) dan alam sekitar (min 4.25). Input kajian memberi kefahaman baharu kepada model yang menjelaskan keperluan Lembaga Koko Malaysia (LKM) untuk menambahkan usaha bagi melestari pertanian koko. Ini bertepatan dengan usaha LKM bagi meningkatkan sekuriti makanan negara melalui komoditi koko.

Kata kunci: kelestarian pertanian, koko, komuniti pekebun kecil, zon Pantai Timur Sabah, kuantitatif

Abstract: The decline in cocoa productivity is often related to the quantity, quality, and demographics of smallholder farmers who are aging. Good agricultural practices (GAP) that are not consistently practices also affect the sustainability of cocoa smallholder communities (CSC). Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the profile of CSCs in the East Coast Zone of Sabah (ECZS) and to identify the levels of agricultural sustainability of CSCs from social, economic, and environmental perspectives. A quantitative study design with a review-inquiry approach was conducted on 195 CSCs respondents using a survey instrument. The basis of the study model is based on the agricultural sustainability model. The items of the study have a high reliability value ranging from 0.874 to 0.934. The study data were analyzed descriptively using SPSS version 26.0. The results of the study show that the majority of CSCs belong to the first generation of cocoa farmers, are between 51 and 60 years old, and have 1 to 20 years of experience in agriculture. The level of agricultural sustainability is at a high level and dominated by social aspects (min 4.27). Followed by agricultural sustainability from economic point of view (min 4.25) and environment (min 4.25). The results of the study provide new insights for the model that explain why the Malaysian Cocoa Board (MCB) needs to make additional efforts to sustain cocoa farming. This is line with the MCBs efforts to increase the country's food security through cocoa commodities.

Keywords: agricultural sustainability, cocoa, smallholder farmer, East Coast Zone of Sabah, quantitative

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