Kesan Pandemik COVID-19 Ke Atas Kesejahteraan Sosial Penduduk PPR Di Kuala Lumpur

Cheong Chong Chan, Ahmad Rizal Mazlan, Nor Pujawati Md Said, Ruzita Azmi

Abstract


Abstrak: Pandemik COVID-19 adalah satu fenomena baru yang tidak dijangka sehingga mengubah kesemua aspek kehidupan manusia ke norma baharu. Para penduduk Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) yang terdiri daripada kelompok B40 dijangka mengalami kesukaran kehidupan seiring dengan gelombang perintah kawalan pergerakan yang telah dilaksanakan berulang kali. Seramai 1200 penduduk PPR telah menyertai satu kajian tinjaun mengenai kesejahteraan sosial. Sebanyak sembilan soalan digunakan untuk meneroka tahap kesejahteraan sosial dan kesemua soalan tersebut adalah diadaptasikan daripada dua set soal-selidik terpiawai iaitu The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) oleh Diener et al (1985) dan Perceived Stress Scale oleh Cohen (1994). Ujian t berpasangan telah dilakukan untuk membuat perbandingan min bagi sembilan soalan tersebut untuk situasi sebelum dan selepas perintah kawalan pergerakan (PKP). Umumnya, kesejahteraan sosial penduduk PPR telah merosot secara signifikan. Antara kemerosotan ketara yang dikenalpasti adalah keadaan kehidupan, kepuasan tentang kehidupan dan rancangan kehidupan. Namun, analisis frekuensi menunjukkan bilangan penduduk yang menganggap gaya hidup mereka menghampiri idaman masing-masing adalah sangat sedikit tidak kira waktu sebelum PKP mahupun selepas PKP. Walaupun kesejahteraan sosial penduduk PPR merosot secara signifikan selepas PKP, gaya hidup mereka sebenarnya tidak berubah secara drastik. Penemuan ini turut disokong dalam 4 sesi temubual kumpulan berfokus yang dijalankan bersama 24 pengerusi atau wakil persatuan penduduk. Tema “Biasa hidup susah” yang dihasilkan daripada temubual tersebut memberi satu gambaran bahawa sebarang usaha untuk membantu penduduk PPR perlu mengambil kira keunikan daya tahan mereka yang sudah biasa menjalani kehidupan yang susah.

Katakunci: Kesejahteraan sosial, Projek Perumahan Rakyat (PPR), COVID-19, daya tahan, tekanan

Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic is an unexpected new phenomenon that has changed all aspects of human life to a new norm. Residents of the People’s Housing Projects (PPR) consists of mainly the B40 group is expected to be experiencing hard life due to the enforcement of series of a movement control order. 1200 residents of PPR participated in a survey on social well-being which adopted and adapted 9 items from two standardized instruments namely, The Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) by Diener et al (1985) dan the Perceived Stress Scale by Cohen (1994). Paired sample t-test was conducted to compare the mean for each of the 9 items to assess the situation before and after the movement control order (MCO). In general, the social well-being of residents of PPR decreased significantly. Sharp decreases were identified in life conditions, life satisfaction, and life plan. However, frequency analysis shows that residents’ lifestyle remains fewer changes when comparing the situation before and after the MCO. No drastic changes were noticed in their lifestyle, even though they experienced a significant reduction in their overall social well-being. This finding is also supported by 4 focus group interviews conducted with 24 presidents or representatives of respective resident associations. The theme “Used to living difficult life” generated from the interviews implies that any effort to help the residents of PPR should consider the unique resilience of the people who have been living a difficult life.

Keywords: Social well-being, People’s Housing Projects (PPR), COVID-19, resilience, stress

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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2002.03

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