KAEDAH PERANG SARAF DALAM MEMBANTERAS GERAKAN KOMUNIS DI BAHAGIAN PERTAMA, SARAWAK 1963 – 1974 (The Implementation of Psychology Warfare As A Counter Measures In Communist Movement at First Division of Sarawak, 1963 – 1974)

Abstract

Kemunculan beberapa pertubuhan komunis yang berlaku sekitar tahun 1941-an merupakan permulaan penularan propaganda komunis terhadap penduduk di Sarawak. Pengaruh komunis menular masuk melalui sempadan Malaysia dan Indonesia apabila penyusupan masuk seramai 1000 ahli-ahli komunis yang baru untuk dilatih menjadi sebahagian daripada pasukan komunis. Ekoran daripada kejadian tersebut, Bahagian Pertama telah menghadapi pemberontakan bersenjata yang pertama daripada pihak komunis pada Ogos 1952. Lantas menyebabkan pihak kerajaan menggunakan kaedah perang saraf untuk membanteras kegiatan komunis. Oleh itu, makalah ini bertujuan untuk membincangkan kaedah perang saraf yang digunakan oleh pihak kerajaan dalam membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama, Sarawak. Dapatan kajian turut mendapati bahawa pelaksanaan kaedah perang saraf telah berjaya membanteras kegiatan komunis di Bahagian Pertama. Bagi melakukan kajian ini, pengkaji menggunakan sumber primer yang terdiri daripada fail-fail daripada District Office dan Resident Office di Sarawak dan beberapa sumber sekunder untuk melengkapkan kajian ini.

Kata kunci: perang saraf, pembanterasan komunis, bahagian pertama Sarawak.

(The Implementation of Psychology Warfare As A Counter Measures In Communist Movement at First Division of Sarawak, 1963 – 1974)

The establishment of communist-inspired organization in Sarawak during 1941s’ indicated the beginning of communist movement in Sarawak and the spreading of communist ideology toward civilians. It was believed, the communist influences spread to Sarawak through the border when 1 000 of youths went to Kalimantan for military training. Consequently, the First Division of Sarawak have to endure communist terrorism for the first time in August, 1952. This incident triggered the government to implement psychology warfare as a part of counter measure of thwarting subversive activities particularly by communist. Therefore, this article attempt to discuss about the psychology warfare as a measure taken to encounter communist activities. This paper had concluded, the implementation of psychology warfare had succeeded in suppressing the communist movement in First Division of Sarawak. Thus, in completing this paper, a few primer sources including reports and documents had been used namely the resident office, district office, colonial office, foreign colonial office and secondary sources have been able to address the issues making such study became feasible.

Keywords : Psychology warfare, suppression of communist, first division of Sarawak.