Bases of Traditional Authority among the Orang Asli of Peninsular Malaysia*
Abstract
The aim of this article is to examine some basic factors connected with authority and leadership in traditional Orang Asli society. For this purpose, two societies were chosen, i.e. the Temiar asstudied by Benjamin in the 1960s and the Temuan as studied by Baharon in the 1970s. The two societies were comparedfrom the point of view of the perception of its members towards their headmen or leaders. The ethnographic evidence shows that while the Temuan clearly use concepts of authority and leadership based on their adat (customs) to regulate interaction between members, such concepts are not relevant to the same degree among the Temiar.
ABSTRAK
Makalah ini bertujuan untuk meneliti beberapa faktor asas dalam sistem wibawa dan kepimpinan masyarakat Orang Asli tradisional. Dua buah masyarakat telah dipilih, iaitu masyarakat Temiar yang telah dikaji oleh Benjamin pada tahun 1960-an dan masyarakat Temuan yang telah dikaji oleh Baharon pada awal tahun 1970-an. Kedua-dua masyarakat dibanding dari sudut persepsi anggotanya terhadap pihak yang berperanan mengetuai masyarakat mereka. Didapati dari bukti-bukti etnografis bahawa masyarakat Temuan menggunakan konsep-konsep wibawa dan kepimpinan yang terkandung dalam sistem adat kelompoknya adalah lebih jelas menguasai sistem interaksi antara anggota masyarakat itu kalau di- bandingkan dengan masyarakat Temiar.
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