Achievements and Gaps in Orang Asli Research
Abstract
The article discusses the status of research on Orang Asli society andculture, focusing on works that have appeared in the last 25 years, with suggestions on areas and approaches for future attention. Research on Orang Asli religion is considered an achievement. The publication of several major monographs and excellent essays is indicative of this success. However, there existsa need for reliable ethnological schemata as a basis for consistent analytical frame work. Several schemata are presented' namely, language-based, biological and archeological, and socio-historial. There are stillbasic areas on Orang Asli ethnology which we are almost completely ignorant. To overcome this deficit, the writer calls for overlapping research so that researchers' special competence, local variation and different theoretical frameworks can be brought to attention. He also calls for the exchange of fieldnotes among researchers, especially those working in the same geographical area. Yet, there arestillareas inOrang Asliresearch that have barely been studied even for the first time; among them the writer lists archeology, linguistics, basic ethnology of several Orang Asli groups, history, technology, ecology and epidemiology.
ABSTRAK
Artikel ini membincangkan status kajilidikan tentang masyarakat dan budaya Orang Asli dengan memberi fokus kepada karya-karya yang diterbitkan sepanjang suku abad terakhir ini. Beberapa saranan tentang bidang dan pendekatan untuk tindakan selanjutnya telah diberi. Kajian tentang agama orang Asli dianggap mencapai kejayaan dengan terbitnya beberapa monograf dan esei. Namun demikian, satu keperluan bagi mewujudkan satu skema etnologi yang boleh dipercayai untuk dijadikan asas kerangka analitik yang tekal amat dirasakan. Beberapa skema dicadangkan, antaranya yang bertunjangkan bahasa, biologi dan arkeologi, ataupun sosio- historis. Terdapat juga semacam kedangkalan ilmu dalam beberapa aspek etnologi Orang Asli. Hal ini boleh diatasi sekiranya para penyelidik dapat memanfaatkan bersama perbezaan kepakaran, kawasan kajian, dan kerangka teoritikal yang digunakan. Pertukaran nota lapangan khususnya di kalangan mereka yang mengkaji satu kawasan/kaum juga dicadangkan. Selain itu, terdapatjuga aspek-aspek yang masih belum diteroka, antaranya arkeologi, linguistik, etnologi asas untuk beberapa kelompok Orang Asli, sejarah, teknologi, ekologi dan epidemiologi.
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