The Translation of Mythical Intertextuality in Darwish’s Mural “Jidariat Darwish”
Abstract
The Palestinian poet, Mahmoud Darwish, is a master of weaving various intellectual sources and different types of religious, artistic, historical, and mythical figures into his poetry. Like any exceptional piece of art, his poetry triggers an immediate response. It blends the aesthetic with the informative to create a vivid world deeply rooted in global heritage and local folklore. This paper investigates the translation strategies of mythical intertextuality in Darwish's poem "Mural.” The current paper is a product-oriented descriptive translation study that uses a contrastive analysis of three published translations to analyse the translation strategies. The mythical intertextuality is located in the source text then each example is mapped to its counterparts in the target texts. This study aims to identify the strategies used in translating the Arabic mythical intertextuality into English, find the impediments hindering the translation process, and reach a generalisation about the translators' norms and patterns of translation. The study concludes that regardless of the strategy applied to translate mythical intertextuality, what truly affects the process and product of translation is the translator's cultural accumulative knowledge, i.e. the translator's cultural infrastructure. This knowledge, which enables the translator to perform his vital role as an informed reader, facilitates the task of rendering the mythical intertextuality, which can be studied as a representative of all types of intertextuality, with all its cultural aspects, connections and background.
Keywords: Arabic poetry; Darwish’s Mural; Mahmoud Darwish; mythical intertextuality; translation strategies
Full Text:
PDFReferences
’Anqa’a. (2010). الموسوعة العربية الميسرة [The Simplified Arabic Encyclopaedia]. (Vol.1, p. 2307). Almaktaba Alassrya.
Academy of the Arabic Language in Cairo. (2004). المعجم الوسيط [Al- Mu’jam Al- Waseet]. Shorouk International Bookshop.
Al-sowail, T. O., Ghasan, W. O., & Badurais, R. S. (2022). Intertextuality between TS Eliot’s “The Waste Land” and Mahmoud Darwish’s “The Land's Poem”. European Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 10(1), 31-41.
Bichet, M. (2017). The treatment of intertextuality in translation studies: A case study with the 2009 English translation of Simone de Beauvoir’s Le Deuxième Sexe. New Voices in Translation Studies, (17), pp. 1–30.
Bodrogean, A. L. (2011). Myths and values in action in the literature of the English language. Scientific Journal of Humanistic Studies, 3(4), 94-96.
Chakhachiro, R. (2018). Translating irony between English and Arabic. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Cotterell, A. (2006). The Encyclopedia of Mythology. Hermes House.
Coulter, C., & Turner, P. (2012). Encyclopedia of ancient deities. Routledge.
Darwish, M. (2001). جدارية [Mural]. Riad El-Rayyes Books.
Darwish, M. (2003). Unfortunately, it was paradise: Selected poems (M. Akash and C. Forché, Trans.). University of California Press (Original work published 2001).
Darwish, M. (2009). Mahmoud Darwish, if I were another (F. Joudah, Trans.). Farrar, Straus and Giroux( Original work published 2001).
Darwish, M. (2017). Mural (R. Hammami and J. Berger, Trans.). Verso Books (Original work published 2001).
Desmet, M. K. (2001). Intertextuality/intervisuality in translation: The jolly postman's intercultural journey from Britain to the Netherlands. Children's Literature in Education, 32(1), 31-43.
Godfrey, L. S., & Guiley, R. E. (2009). Mythical creatures. Infobase Publishing.
Grimal, P. (1990). A concise dictionary of classical mythology. Basil & Blackwell.
Habil wa Kabil. (1986). In B. Lewis, V. L. Menage, CH. Pellat & J. Schacht (Eds.), The Encyclopedia of Islam (Vol. III, pp. 359–361). Brill Publishers.
Hall, M. M. (2007). The ghost. In S. T. Joshi (Ed.), Icons of horror and the supernatural: An encyclopedia of our worst nightmares (pp. 215–242). Greenwood Publishing Group.
Hamamra, B., & Qabaha, A. (2022). Shakespearean intertextuality in Mahmoud Darwish: The otherness of the proper name in Darwish and Rita and Shakespeare’s Romeo and Juliet. English Studies, 1(1), 1-16.
Hamdi, T. (2014). Yeats's Ireland, Darwish's Palestine: The national in the personal, mystical, and mythological. Arab Studies Quarterly, 36(2), 92–106.
Hamdi, T. (2019). The Arab intellectual and the present moment. Arab Studies Quarterly, 41(1), 59–77.
Hatim, B., & Mason, I. (2005). The translator is the communicator. Routledge.
Inder, J. (2017). Other people’s myths: interpretation and difference. International Journal of Religion & Spirituality in Society, 7(3), 1–14.
Issa, A. K., & Daragmeh, A. K. (2018). Aspects of intertextuality in Mahmoud Darwish’s poetry collection “Do not apologise for what you have done”. International Journal on Studies in English Language and Literature, 6(2), 23-33.
James, C. (1980). Contrastive Analysis. Longman.
King James Bible. (2010). King James Bible online. Retrieved October 11, 2022, from https://www.kingjamesbibleonline.org
Kristeva, J. (1980). Desire in language: A semiotic approach to literature and art. Columbia University Press.
Kundmueller, M. M. (2019). Homer's hero: Human excellence in the Iliad and the Odyssey. Suny Press.
Leeming, D. (2004). Jealous gods and chosen people: The mythology of the Middle East. Oxford University Press.
Markoe, G. (2007). Necropolis. In D. M. Pearsall (Ed.). Encyclopedia of archaeology. Elsevier.
Marrouchi, M. (2011). Cry no more for me, Palestine—Mahmoud Darwish. College Literature, 38(4), 1–43.
McClelland, N. C. (2010). Encyclopedia of reincarnation and karma. McFarland & Company, Inc.
Munday, J. (2016). Introducing translation studies: Theories and applications. Routledge.
Nasser, L. (2009). The Jinn: Companion in the realm of dreams and imagination. In Bulkeley, K., Adams, K., & Davis, P. M. (Eds.) Dreaming in Christianity and Islam: Culture, conflict, and creativity (pp. 143–154). Rutgers University Press.
Noegel, S. B., & Wheeler, B. M. (2010). The A to Z of prophets in Islam and Judaism (Vol. 176). Scarecrow Press.
Nyende, P. (2016). Tested for our sake: The temptations of Jesus in the light of Hebrews. The Expository Times, 127(11), 525–533.
Olshanskaya, N. (2011). De-Coding intertextuality in classic and postmodern Russian narratives. Translation and Interpreting Studies, 6(1), 87-102.
Otoum, M. M., & Al Mazaidh, I. S. (2016). Dialogue patterns in Mahmoud Darwish’s “Mural”. Studies in Literature and Language, 13(5), 1-10.
Palaima, T. G. (2004). Anthology of classical myth: Primary sources in translation. Hackett Publishing.
Qasem, N. (2014). تجليات التناص الديني وجماليته في جدارية محمود درويش [The imitation of the overlap of the new and old religious texts in “Jedaryat” Mahmood Darweesh]. The Journal of Human Sciences, 24(1), 240–269.
Simpson, J., & Roud, S. (2000). A Dictionary of English folklore. Oxford University Press.
Ssaydeh, A. F. A. (2019). Translating intertextuality in TS Eliot’s The Waste Land’. International Journal of Arabic-English Studies (IJAES), 19(2), 339-358.
Venuti, L. (2009). Translation, intertextuality, interpretation. Romance Studies, 27(3), 157–173.
Walvoord, J. F., & Zuck, R. B. (2018). The Bible knowledge commentary wisdom. David C. Cook.
Wilkinson, P. (2009). Myths and legends: An illustrated guide to their origins and meanings. Penguin Books.
Williams, E. (2013). Ostrich. Reaktion Books.
Yu, L. Z., & Alhartani, N. A. (2018). The image of women in the poetry of Mahmoud Darwish. International Journal, 1(3), 1-10.
Zanaty, M. (2006). Glossary of Islamic terms. Retrieved September 22, 2022, from https://islamfuture.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/glossary-of-islamic-terms.pdf
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/3L-2023-2902-06
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
eISSN : 2550-2247
ISSN : 0128-5157