Penjagaan Bersama Melalui Konsep Perkongsian Keibubapaan: Satu Tinjauan Kepada Undang-Undang Keluarga Australia Dan Sweden (Joint Custody Through the Concept of Shared Parenting: An Overview of Australian and Swedish Family Law)
Abstract
Child care after divorce is a challenge for parents. While in marriage the parents share parental responsibilities in the upbringing, care, education and welfare of the child but this parental responsibility will become a social and legal issue once they are divorced. This article will focus on three objectives. First to analyse the legal provisions related to joint custody according to sharia law, second to analyse the concept of joint custody and shared parenting and third, to compare the concept and legislation of shared parenting between Australian and Swedish Family Law. The selection of the two countries is based on existing laws and policies applied to the abovementioned countries. Basically, this is a doctrinal legal research through qualitative analysis. Documentary analysis was adopted on data and theories from selected materials including journal articles, books, and statutes. All these data were obtained through library research. Findings from this study show that joint custody through the concept of shared parenting give more rights and best interests of the child in turn ensuring the continuity of parental responsibilities after divorce than sole custody. It is therefore a necessity for Islamic family lawmakers in Malaysia to review all existing provisions related to childcare in line with the principle of ‘the best interests of the child in order to achieve Goal 16, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 2030.
Abstrak
Penjagaan anak selepas perceraian adalah satu cabaran buat ibu bapa. Semasa dalam perkahwinan ibu bapa berkongsi tanggungjawab keibubapaan dalam pengasuhan, penjagaan, pendidikan dan kebajikan anak namun tanggungjawab keibubapaan ini akan menjadi satu isu sosial dan perundangan apabila sudah bercerai. Artikel ini akan memfokuskan kepada tiga objektif. Pertama untuk menganalisis peruntukkan undang-undang berkaitan penjagaan bersama menurut undang-undang syariah, kedua menganalisis konsep penjagaan bersama dan perkongsian keibubapaan dan ketiga, untuk membandingkan konsep dan perundangan perkongsian keibubapaan antara negara Sweden dan Australia. Pemilihan dua negara Sweden dan Australia berdasarkan undang-undang sedia ada dan polisi yang diaplikasikan di negara tersebut. Secara asasnya kajian ini berbentuk kajian doktrinal melalui analisis kualitatif. Analisis dokumentari dilakukan ke atas data dan teori dari bahan yang terpilih termasuk jurnal artikel, buku, dan statut. Kesemua data ini diperolehi melalui kajian kepustakaan. Dapatan dari kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa jagaan bersama melalui konsep perkongsian keibubapaan lebih memberikan hak dan menjamin kepentingan kanak-kanak seterusnya menjamin kelangsungan tanggungjawab berterusan ibu bapa selepas perceraian berbanding jagaan sebelah pihak. Oleh itu adalah menjadi satu keperluan untuk penggubal undang-undang keluarga Islam di Malaysia menyemak semua peruntukkan sedia ada berkaitan penjagaan anak selaras dengan prinsip ‘kepentingan terbaik kanak-kanak’sekaligus memenuhi matlamat 16, Matlamat Pembangunan Mampan (SDG) 2030.
Kata kunci: Penjagaan Bersama; perkongsian keibubapaan; kepentingan terbaik kanak-kanak; tanggungjawab ibu bapa; Mahkamah Syariah
Keywords
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