Pembinaan Model Literasi Saintifik Pelajar Berdasarkan Faktor Persekitaran Pembelajaran Konstruktivisme, Pengetahuan Sains, Sikap Terhadap Sains, Efikasi Kendiri dan Motivasi (Developing Students’ Scientific Literacy Model Based on Constructivist Learning Environment, Science Knowledge, Attitude Towards Science, Self-Efficacy and Motivation Factors)

Abstract

Pelaksanaan pendidikan ke arah menghidupkan budaya sains dan masyarakat yang berliterasi saintifik perlu dititikberatkan bagi mencapai status negara maju dengan ekonomi yang berdaya saing berteraskan perindustrian, teknologi dan inovasi. Kajian terdahulu mendapati bahawa terdapat banyak faktor yang menyumbang kepada literasi saintifik. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membina model multidimensi bagi faktor yang menjadi peramal kepada literasi saintifik dari perspektif pelajar. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah jenis tinjauan dengan kaedah pengumpulan data menggunakan ujian dan borang soal selidik ke atas 650 orang pelajar tingkatan empat sekolah harian biasa di empat buah negeri iaitu Johor, Selangor, Kedah dan Terengganu. Model yang dicadangkan mengandungi lima konstruk iaitu persekitaran pembelajaran konstruktivisme, pengetahuan sains, sikap terhadap sains, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi. Dapatan kajian mendapati bahawa literasi saintifik pelajar dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh dua faktor utama iaitu pemboleh ubah persekitaran pembelajaran konstruktivisme dan pengetahuan sains sahaja manakala tiga faktor lain iaitu sikap terhadap sains, efikasi kendiri dan motivasi didapati tidak memberi pengaruh kepada literasi saintifik pelajar. Dapatan kajian ini memberi implikasi bahawa suatu usaha berterusan perlu dilaksanakan bagi menerapkan amalan pengajaran dan pembelajaran berasaskan konstruktivisme memandangkan faktor tersebut adalah paling memberi pengaruh serta berhubung secara langsung dengan literasi saintifik dan pengetahuan sains pelajar.

Kata kunci: Literasi saintifik, persekitaran pembelajaran konstruktivisme, pengetahuan sains, sikap terhadap sains, efikasi kendiri, motivasi

The implementation of education towards the pursuit of scientific culture and community that are scientifically literate is necessary to achieve the status of a developed country with a competitive economy based on industrialization, technology and innovation. Previous studies have found that there are many factors that contribute to scientific literacy. This study aims to develop the multidimensional model of factors that acted as the predictors of scientific literacy from the perspective of students. The research employed a survey design with the method of data collection using scientific literacy test and questionnaire among 650 form four students in the public secondary school in four states which are Johor, Selangor, Kedah and Terengganu. The proposed model contains five constructs namely constructivist learning environment, science knowledge, attitude towards science, self-efficacy and motivation. The findings of the study found that students' scientific literacy was significantly influenced by the constructivist learning environment and science knowledge variable only. Meanwhile, attitudes towards science, self-efficacy and motivation were found not to influence students' scientific literacy. Findings of the study suggests that an ongoing effort should be made to implement teaching and learning based on constructivism approach as these factors are most influential and directly related to students’ scientific literacy and science knowledge.

Keywords: Scientific literacy, constructivist learning environment, science knowledge, attitude towards science, self-efficacy, motivation