Pengujian Psikometrik Item Kecerdasan Menghadapi Cabaran untuk Pelajar Lelaki Kejuruteraan Mekanikal Menggunakan Model Pengukuran Rasch (Psychometric Properties of an Adversity Quotient Items for Mechanical Engineering Male Students using Rasch Measurement Model)

Abstract

Malaysia telah melaksanakan pelbagai usaha untuk melahirkan pelajar lelaki yang berdaya tahan untuk industri. Salah satu kecerdasan yang berkait rapat dengan daya tahan ialah Kecerdasan Menghadapi Cabaran (AQ). Walaupun banyak jenis pengujian kecerdasan kepada pelajar yang telah dibangunkan, namun amat terhad instrumen yang mempunyai kesahan dan kebolehpercayaan tinggi. Kajian ini bertujuan menguji sama ada item pengukuran AQ mempunyai ciri psikometrik yang baik dalam konteks pelajar lelaki kejuruteraan mekanikal berdasarkan analisis Rasch. Selain itu, kajian tahap AQ dalam kalangan responden turut dikenal pasti. Sebanyak empat konstruk AQ merangkumi kawalan (control), kepunyaan (ownership), jangkauan (reach) dan ketahanan (endurance). Kaedah pensampelan rawak berstrata digunakan dalam kalangan 318 pelajar lelaki dalam bidang pengajian diploma kejuruteraan mekanikal dari lima zon iaitu utara, barat, selatan, Borneo dan timur. Sebanyak 47 daripada 66 item telah memenuhi ciri psikometrik permodelan statistik Rasch menggunakan perisian WINSTEPS 3.71. Kekuatan item dilaporkan melalui analisis grafik Wright Map dan Carta Bubble. Skala empat mata didapati bersesuaian digunakan. Tahap AQ responden dilaporkan berada pada tahap sederhana rendah. Adalah disarankan, kesesuaian item dikaji menggunakan analisis multivariat dengan sampel lebih besar. Selain itu, kajian ini dicadangkan untuk digunakan sebagai penilaian kendiri dan penilaian sesama rakan sebaya bagi tujuan penambahbaikan diri.

Key Words: Kecerdasan Menghadapi Cabaran; AQ; Pelajar lelaki; Psikometrik; Kejuruteraan Mekanikal; Model Pengukuran Rasch

Malaysia has undertaken various efforts to produce resilient male students for the industry. One of the skills that are closely linked to resilience is the Adversity Quotient (AQ). Although there are many types of intelligence testing for students that have been developed, there are very limited instruments of high validity and reliability. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether AQ measurement items have good psychometric properties in the context of mechanical engineering male students based on Rasch analysis. In addition, studies of AQ level among respondents were also identified. Four AQ constructs have been applied in this study such as control, ownership, reach and endurance. The stratified random sampling technIQue was used to select a total of 318 male students studying in mechanical engineering at the Diploma level from five zones namely North, West, South, Borneo and East. The total of 47 of the 66 items met the rEQuirements of Rasch's statistical modelling using WINSTEPS 3.71 software. This psychometrics properties also reports on the strength of items through graphical analysis such as Wright Map and Bubble Charts. Scale revision shows that a four-point scale is suitable is used. The AQ level of the respondents was reported to be at a low moderate. It is recommended that future studies can be conducted to examine the suitability of items using multivariate analysis with larger samples. In addition, it is suggested that this study to be used as a self-assessment and evaluation among peers for the purpose of self-improvement.

Key Words: Adversity Quotient; AQ; Male Students; Psychometric; Mechanical Engineering; Rasch Measurement Model