PROTECTION AGAINST CREDITORS, INDEMNITY AND NO CLAIM BENEFITS (NCB) UNDER LIFE INSURANCE AND FAMILY TAKAFUL (Perlindungan Terhadap Pemiutang dan Indemniti dan Manfaat Tiada Tuntutan (NCB) di Bawah Insurans Hayat dan Takaful Keluarga)
Abstract
ABSTRACT
This is a doctrinal and comparative research between the traditional law and the Shariah with regard to issues of protection against creditors, indemnity and no claim benefits (NCB) under life insurance and family takaful. The aim is to find similarities and dissimilarities between life insurance and family takaful vis-à-vis the issues based on Maqasid al-Shariah. It is found that both the traditional law and the Shariah assert that creditors have priority over the life policy and family takaful benefits even if the beneficiaries will get nothing from it. Again, under both systems, it is submitted that although ‘Indemnity’ and ‘No claim benefits’ are paid but the Shariah does not allow forfeiture of the indemnity because of lack of utmost good faith (uberimae fidei) or discontinuing payment of the premiums/contributions by the policyholder or participant. It is further submitted that under takaful the No Claim Benefits (NCB) should be paid based on al-Mudarabah agreement and not interest and uncertainty. And all these ensure protection of religion and property.
ABSTRAK
Ini adalah penyelidikan yang menggunakan kaedah doktrinal dan perbandingan antara undang-undang tradisional dan undang-undang Islam tentang isu perlindungan terhadap pemiutang, indemniti dan tiada tuntutan manfaat di bawah insuran nyawa dan takaful keluarga. Tujuan penyelidikan ini adalah mencari persamaan dan perbezaan antara insurans nyawa dan takaful keluarga berasaskan Maqasid al-Shariah. Adalah didapati bahawa kedua-dua undang-undang tradisional dan undang-undang Islam memberi keutamaan kepada pemiutang terhadap manfaat insurans nyawa dan takaful keluarga sekalipun benefisiari tidak mendapat apa-apa manfaat daripadanya. Seterusnya sekalipun indemniti dan tiada tuntutan manfaat telah dibayar, undang-undang Islam tidak membenarkan pengambilan semula indemniti kerana kekurangan niat baik atau pemberhentian pembayaran premium/ sumbanga oleh pemegang polisi atau peserta. Di bawah takaful pula, tuntutan tiada maafaat juga perlu dibayar berasaskan prinsip perjanjian al-Mudarabah dan bukannya faedah dan ketidaktentuan. Kesemua ini adalah bagi memastikan perlindungan kepada agama dan harta.
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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/JH-2016-0801-13
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