Munshi Abdullah: Khadam Penjajah atau Guru Bangsa? (Munshi Abdullah: British Lapdog or Nation’s Preceptor?)

Mohd Faizal Musa, Tujeri Shah Abdul Razak

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Terdapat dakwaan bahawa tokoh persuratan Melayu yang terkenal, Munshi Abdullah, adalah ejen Inggeris atau tukang jilat British ekoran karya-karyanya yang anti feudal dan mengkritik bangsa Melayu dengan menggunakan kerangka Barat. Tanggapan ini misalnya diulang-ulang termasuklah dilakukan oleh ahli politik berpengaruh seperti Abdul Hadi Awang. Dakwaan ini dapat diluruskan dengan melihat karya-karya Munshi Abdullah sendiri yang merupakan sebuah rakaman sejarah selain merupakan dokumen peribadi yang dapat menggambarkan krisis nilai dan persoalan aksiologi orang Melayu. Bacaan terhadap naskah yang dihasilkan oleh Munshi Abdullah seperti Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan (1838), Hikayat Abdullah (1849), dan Ceretera Ilmu Kepandaian Orang Putih (1855) menyerlahkan Munshi Abdullah adalah seorang pendialog yang berfikiran saintifik, reformis dan jujur dalam mengkritik bangsa Melayu. Munshi Abdullah mengkritik dengan adil pihak Inggeris mahupun orang Melayu dan menganggap sesetengah tradisi Melayu itu ketinggalan dan perlu ditinggalkan dalam mengejar kemodenan. Sebagai seorang yang mendalam ilmu agamanya, kritikan Munshi terhadap orang Melayu lahir dari kefahaman ilmu agama dan cara pandang anti feudal yang membekas.

Kata kunci: Munshi Abdullah; Abdul Hadi Awang; reformis; paderi Inggeris; penjajahan; dialog; kristian; tradisi lisan; aksiologi; feudal; persuratan Melayu


ABSTRACT: There are allegations that the famous Malay literary figure, Munshi Abdullah, is a British agent or a British sycophant (lapdog) due to his anti-feudal works and criticism towards the Malay race, applied through Western outlook. This view, for example, is repeated, including by influential politicians such as Abdul Hadi Awang. This claim can be straightened out by looking at the works of Munshi Abdullah himself which serve as historical records as well as personal documents that can illustrate the value crisis and axiological questions of the Malays. Reading the manuscripts written and produced by Munshi Abdullah such as Kisah Pelayaran Abdullah ke Kelantan (1838), Hikayat Abdullah (1849), and Ceretera Ilmu Kepandaian Orang Putih (1855) highlights Munshi Abdullah as a dialoguer whom scientifically minded, reformist and honest in criticizing the Malay people. Munshi Abdullah fairly criticized both the British and the Malays and considered some Malay traditions to be backward and should be abandoned in the pursuit of modernity. As a person with deep religious knowledge, Munshi’s criticism of the Malays came from his understanding of religious knowledge and his anti-feudal mind.


Keywords: Munshi Abdullah; Abdul Hadi Awang; reformer; English priest; colonialism; dialogue; Christian; oral tradition; axiology; feudal; Malay literature


Keywords


Munshi Abdullah; Abdul Hadi Awang; reformis; paderi Inggeris; penjajahan; dialog; kristian; tradisi lisan; aksiologi; feudal; persuratan Melayu

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