Peranan Modal Sosial dari Sudut Penglibatan Komuniti ke Arah Pemeliharaan Warisan di Petempatan Tradisional (The Significance of Social Capital in Traditional Settlements through the Lens of Community Engagement in the Pursuit of Heritage Conservation)

NUR 'ADILAH HASSAN, NOR ZALINA HARUN

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Modal sosial merangkumi jaringan atau rangkaian, kepercayaan dan norma-norma yang wujud dalam perilaku yang dapat mendorong kemampuan dan kapabiliti untuk bekerjasama dikalangan komuniti. Teori atau konsep modal sosial bermula dengan andaian bahawa setiap individu dalam komuniti masyarakat mempunyai peranan untuk mengatasi segala masalah yang timbul dikalangan mereka. Kebersamaan dan kerjasama yang baik dari segenap anggota komuniti diperlukan bagi mencapai kelestarian sosial. Namun demikian, analisa kajian lepas terhadap aspek modal sosial di peringkat tempatan masih berpotensi untuk diteroka dengan lebih lanjut terutama dalam konteks pemeliharaan petempatan tradisional. Subjek ini dilihat penting memandangkan perubahan fizikal petempatan tradisional yang diakibatkan oleh tekanan pembangunan seringkali menyumbang kepada impak yang negatif terhadap budaya dan persekitaran komuniti. Justeru, kajian ini bermatlamat untuk menilai tahap kecenderungan penglibatan komuniti tempatan terhadap usaha pemeliharaan warisan sebagai salah satu cabang memperkasa modal sosial di petempatan tradisional. Melalui pendekatan kuantitatif yang melibatkan seramai 195 responden, kajian ini bertindak mengenal pasti peranan dan penglibatan komuniti terhadap usaha pemeliharaan di 2 buah petempatan tradisional yang diancam pembangunan di Kuala Terengganu. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa komuniti tempatan menyedari kepentingan pemeliharaan warisan disamping menyatakan hasrat untuk menyebarkan ilmu keunikan dan kepentingan warisan fizikal petempatan mereka secara lebih meluas. Namun kajian turut mendapati bahawa ketidak telusan maklumat awal mengenai pembangunan di kedua petempatan tradisional merupakan cabaran utama yang mereka hadapi dalam memelihara warisan setempat. Kajian ini turut dilihat berpotensi menjadi rujukan kepada pelbagai pihak yang berhasrat melaksanakan program pemeliharaan warisan melibatkan komuniti setempat di samping dapat meningkatkan tahap ketelusan penyebaran maklumat supaya gambaran sebenar mengenai sesuatu pembangunan di petempatan mereka dapat diketahui dan difahami dengan sepenuhnya.

Kata kunci: Penglibatan komuniti; modal sosial; pemeliharaan warisan; petempatan tradisional

 

ABSTRACT: Social capital comprises behavioural norms, networks, and beliefs that foster the capacity and ability of communities to cooperate. The premise underlying the theory or concept of social capital is that every member of the community has a responsibility to assist in resolving the challenges that exist among its members. Solidarity and collaboration among all members of the community are imperative to attain social sustainability. Nevertheless, additional research is warranted concerning local-level social capital, specifically as it pertains to the preservation of traditional settlements. This topic is critical because tangible changes in traditional settlements frequently result from development pressure, which have detrimental effects on the environment and culture of the community. Therefore, the objective of this research is to evaluate the extent to which members of the local community are inclined to participate in heritage preservation initiatives, which is a facet of enhancing social capital in traditional communities. This study employs quantitative methodology to examine the role and participation of the community in conservation initiatives within two traditional settlements in Kuala Terengganu that are at risk of rapid development. The research encompasses a sample size of 195 respondents. The results of the research indicate that the local populace recognises the significance of safeguarding cultural heritage and is enthusiastic about increasing awareness regarding the uniqueness and value of their region’s physical heritage. However, the lack of transparency regarding initial information regarding development in both traditional settlements was also identified as the primary obstacle to preserving local heritage. Additionally, this research is regarded as a possible resource for stakeholders interested in establishing a community-led heritage preservation initiative and for enhancing the transparency of information distribution so that the complete picture of a proposed development in each area can be ascertained.

Keywords: Traditional settlement; community engagement; social capital; heritage preservation


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