Bacaan Pola Suku Kata Murid Disleksia dalam Bahasa Melayu (Reading Syllable Patterns of Dyslexic Students in Malay Language)

NADIA SHUHADA ABDAN NASIR, VIJAYALETCHUMY SUBRAMANIAM

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Sesetengah kanak-kanak mendapati bahawa aktiviti membaca tidak semudah seperti kanak-kanak lain. Masih terdapat kanak-kanak berusia lebih 5 tahun masih tidak mampu membaca dan mengeja perkataan dengan suku kata mudah. Mereka mungkin mengalami ketidakupayaan atau gangguan pembelajaran khusus yang dikenali sebagai disleksia. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengenal pasti kesalahan bacaan suku kata murid disleksia terhadap perkataan bahasa Melayu. Subjek kajian terdiri daripada empat orang murid disleksia daripada pusat disleksia D’Genius Taman Tun Dr. Ismail, Kuala Lumpur yang mempunyai tahap sederhana bacaan bahasa Melayu. Data kajian dikutip menggunakan kaedah ujian bacaan, soal selidik, temu bual dan pemerhatian. Alat kajian pula ialah pita rakaman, nota lapangan, borang soal selidik dan teks bacaan. Teks bacaan digunakan dalam ujian bacaan untuk mengenal pasti kesalahan bacaan. Perkataan yang tersenarai dalam teks bacaan dipilih mengikut kesesuaian tahap pembelajaran subjek kajian dan perkataan tersebut mempunyai 24 pola suku kata yang dirujuk daripada Buku Panduan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu bagi Program Pemulihan Khas oleh Bahagian Pendidikan Khas, Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2019). Hasil analisis daripada ujian bacaan mendapati bahawa subjek kajian mengalami kesukaran paling tinggi untuk mengeja perkataan yang mempunyai suku kata KVKK yang mengandungi konsonan bergabung /-ng/, diftong, vokal berganding dan digraf. Setiap kesilapan bacaan tersebut kemudian dianalisis kesalahannya berdasarkan Teori Sindrom Disleksia oleh Levinson (1994). Hasil analisis mendapati bahawa subjek kajian menepati ciri-ciri kesalahan bacaan Levinson (1994), iaitu kesalahan dari segi pengguguran, pemindahan, penyisipan, penggantian, pembalikan dan agakan/suka-suka kecuali pemeluwapan. Dalam pada itu, kajian ini juga mendapati dua kesalahan lain di luar lingkungan Teori Levinson (1994), iaitu kesalahan bacaan jenis pembahagian dan penyebutan.

Kata kunci: Disleksia; masalah bacaan; suku kata; teks bacaan; Teori Levinson

 

ABSTRACT: Some children find that reading is not as easy as for other children. There are still children over 5 years old who are still unable to read and spell words with simple syllables. They may have a disability or a specific learning disorder known as dyslexia. This study was conducted to identify dyslexic students’ syllable reading mistakes against Malay words. The study subjects consisted of four dyslexic students from the D’Genius Dyslexia Center, Taman Tun Dr. Ismail, Kuala Lumpur, who have a medium reading level of Malay. Research data was collected using reading test methods, questionnaires, interviews, and observations. The research tools are tape recordings, field notes, questionnaires, and reading text. Reading text are used in reading tests to identify reading errors. The words listed in the reading text are selected according to the learning level of the subjects, and the words have 24 syllable patterns, which are referred to the Malay Teaching and Learning Guidebook for the Special Rehabilitation Program by the Special Education Division, Ministry of Education Malaysia (2019). The results of the analysis from the reading test found that the study subjects had the highest difficulty in spelling words with CVCC syllables that contain the combined consonants /-ng/, diphthongs, paired vowels, and digraphs. Each reading error is then analyzed based on the Theory of Dyslexia Syndrome by Levinson (1994). The results of the analysis found that the study subjects conformed to the characteristics of Levinson’s (1994) reading errors, namely removal, transfer, insertion, replacement, reversal, wild guesses, except for condensation. In the meantime, this study also found two other errors outside the scope of Levinson’s Theory (1994), which are division and pronunciation-type reading errors.

Keywords: Dyslexia; reading problems; syllables; reading text; Levinson’s Theory


Keywords


Disleksia; masalah bacaan; suku kata; teks bacaan; Teori Levinson

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