Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation as a Sustainable Regional Development Strategy: Lessons from the Selangor River Basin, Malaysia (Perubahan Iklim Mitigasi dan Adaptasi sebagai Strategi Pembangunan Wilayah Lestari: Pengajaran daripada Lembangan Sungai Selangor, Malaysia)

CHEE PING NGANG, HALIMATON SAADIAH HASHIM, JOY JACQUELINE PEREIRA

Abstract


ABSTRACT: Spatial planning practice in Malaysia has given greater prominence to environmental matters since the amendment of the Town and Country Planning Act 1976 in 1995, in which sustainable development has become the core emphasis of all planning policies and plans. However, climate change elements, which are necessary to be addressed in strategic planning, have not been explicitly incorporated in spatial plans that cover urban and rural areas at state and local levels. This paper presents a framework to evaluate the extent of spatial planning responses to climate change adaptation and mitigation across various critical components that defines the quality of plan, including facts, analysis, goals, policies and implementation, in the case of the Selangor River Basin, a river basin that can be considered as a life support in the Kuala Lumpur Conurbation, the biggest urban mega region in Malaysia. A content analysis of national, state and local level spatial plans reveals that quality of plans is higher at the national level but gradually decline towards the lower tiers plans, and that generally equal emphasis has been paid to both climate change mitigation and adaptation. The findings support the argument that spatial planning provides a platform for coordinating mitigation and adaptation responses through its sustainable development policies, however the scope of sustainable development in Malaysia need to be reframed for this purpose.

Keywords: Spatial planning; spatial plan; plan evaluation; climate change

 

ABSTRAK: Amalan perancangan spatial di Malaysia telah diberi keutamaan yang lebih besar kepada hal-hal alam sekitar sejak pindaan Akta Perancangan Bandar dan Desa 1976 pada tahun 1995, di mana pembangunan mampan telah menjadi penekanan teras semua dasar dan pelan perancangan. Walau bagaimanapun, unsur-unsur perubahan iklim, yang perlu diberi perhatian dalam perancangan strategik, belum jelas yang diperbadankan di rancangan spatial yang merangkumi kawasan bandar dan luar bandar di peringkat negeri dan tempatan. Kertas kerja ini membentangkan rangka kerja untuk menilai sejauh mana jawapan perancangan spatial dengan iklim perubahan penyesuaian dan pengurangan dalam pelbagai komponen kritikal yang menentukan kualiti rancangan, termasuk fakta-fakta, analisis, matlamat, dasar dan pelaksanaan, dalam hal Lembangan Sungai Selangor, lembangan sungai yang boleh dianggap sebagai sokongan kehidupan di Kuala Lumpur Conurbation, rantau yang terbesar bandar mega di Malaysia. Analisis kandungan pelan spatial di peringkat kebangsaan, negeri dan tempatan mendedahkan, bahawa kualiti rancangan adalah tinggi di peringkat kebangsaan tetapi beransur-ansur merosot ke arah peringkat pelan yang lebih rendah di mana penekanan yang sama umumnya telah diberikan kepada kedua-dua iklim mitigasi dan adaptasi perubahan. Hasil kajian menyokong hujah bahawa perancangan spatial menyediakan platform untuk menyelaraskan mitigasi dan adaptasi respons melalui dasar-dasar pembangunan yang berterusan, bagaimanapun skop pembangunan mampan di Malaysia perlu dirangka semula untuk tujuan ini.

Kata kunci: Perancangan spatial; pelan spatial; merancang penilaian; perubahan ikli


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