Penelitian Awal Terjemahan Bahasa Melayu Bahagian Akidah dalam Safīnah Al-Ṣalāh (Preliminary Study on The Early Malay Translation of the Creed Section in Safīnah Al-Ṣalāh)

AMIRUL HISHAM AFANDI, MOHD ZULKIFLI TALIB

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Ulama Melayu sejak dahulu menghasilkan pelbagai karya terjemahan daripada bahasa Arab. Terjemahan mereka terdiri daripada pelbagai bentuk mengikut keperluan dan kesesuaian semasa. Justeru itu, masyarakat Melayu secara tidak langsung mempunyai banyak khazanah ilmu dalam bahasa mereka sendiri. Namun begitu, kajian dalam bidang ini masih boleh diteroka dengan meluas. Makalah ini bertujuan mengkaji terjemahan awal bahasa Melayu Safīnah al-Ṣalāh karya Abdullah bin Umar bin Yahya al-Ḥaḍramī. Karya ini mengandungi perbahasan akidah dan fiqah sembahyang. Penyelidik menumpukan kajian ini kepada bahagian akidah. Penyelidik mendapati masyarakat Melayu berinteraksi dengan bahagian akidah Safīnah al-Ṣalāh melalui dua terjemahan terawal. Terjemahan pertama (A) tidak dapat dikenal pasti pemiliknya, manakala terjemahan kedua (B) dilakukan oleh Syed Muhammad, seorang ulama Terengganu. Meskipun kedua-duanya menterjemah teks yang sama, terdapat perbezaan teks dan kaedah terjemahan yang dilakukan. Oleh itu, kajian dijalankan bagi mengenal pasti perbezaan tersebut. Bagi menjalankan kajian kualitatif ini, penyelidik menggunakan kaedah analisis dokumen dan kaedah persejarahan. Selain itu, landasan teori Vinay & Darbelnet digunakan bagi menganalisis kaedah terjemahan yang digunakan. Hasil analisis mendapati terdapat tiga kaedah terjemahan telah digunakan iaitu terjemahan adaptasi, transposisi dan harfiah. Didapati terjemahan A menggunakan terjemahan adaptasi dan transposisi, manakala terjemahan B menggunakan terjemahan adaptasi, transposisi, dan harfiah. Justeru itu, A mempunyai teks yang lebih panjang dan lebih sesuai sebagai rujukan pemahaman akidah, manakala B mempunyai teks yang lebih ringkas dan lebih sesuai sebagai pengukuhan akidah. Implikasi kajian ini dapat mengangkat kembali salah satu khazanah ilmu alam Melayu. Hasilnya, generasi semasa dapat memahami peranan dan sumbangan ulama Melayu dalam memartabatkan masyarakat dengan ilmu. Di samping itu, kecenderungan dan ketelitian mereka dalam memilih sumber ilmu untuk diterjemahkan juga dapat dikenal pasti. Justeru itu, ia dapat menjadi panduan dalam perkembangan Islam semasa yang berdepan dengan pelbagai cabaran.

Kata kunci: Ulama Melayu; Kitab Jawi; Safīnah al-Ṣalāh; akidah; terjemahan

 

ABSTRACT: The Malay scholars have, since ancient times, produced various translations from the Arabic language. Their translations take various forms based on the needs and relevance of the time. Consequently, the Malay community indirectly possesses a vast treasure trove of knowledge in their own language. However, research in this field can still be widely explored. This paper aimed to study on the early Malay translation of Safīnah al-Ṣalāh by Abdullah bin Umar bin Yahya al-Ḥaḍramī. The work contains discussions on the creed (akidah) and the jurisprudence of prayer (fiqh sembahyang). The researcher focuses this study on the creed section only. It was found that the Malay community interacted with the creed section of Safīnah al-Ṣalāh through two of the earliest discovered translations. The first translation (A) cannot definitively identify its owner, while the second translation (B) was done by Syed Muhammad, a scholar from Terengganu. Although both translated the same text, there are differences in the texts and translation methods employed. Therefore, the study was conducted to identify these differences. To conduct this qualitative study, the researcher employed the method involving document analysis and historical research methods. In addition, the Vinay & Darbelnet translation theory was used to analyse the translation methods employed. The analysis revealed that three translation methods were used: adaptation, transposition, and literal translation. It was found that translation A used adaptation and transposition translation, while translation B used adaptation, transposition, and literal translation. Therefore, A has a longer text and is more suitable as a reference for understanding the creed, while B has a shorter text and is more suitable as a reinforcement of the creed. The implications of this study can revive one of the natural knowledge treasures of the Malays. As a result, the current generation can understand the role and contribution of Malay scholars in uplifting society with knowledge. Furthermore, their tendency and precision in choosing sources of knowledge for translation can also be identified. Thus, it can serve as a guide in the development of contemporary Islam, facing various challenges.

Keywords: Malay Scholars; Kitab Jawi; Safīnah al-Ṣalāh; the creed; translation


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References


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