Perubahan Kepimpinan Penghulu di Daerah Muar Tahun 1862 - 1940 (The Changes of Chieftain Leadership in Muar District 1862 – 1940)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai perubahan kepimpinan penghulu di negeri Johor daripada tahun 1862 sehingga 1940 iaitu selama 78 tahun. Kajian tertumpu kepada tempoh kepimpinan penghulu pada zaman sebelum merdeka. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif serta dibantu dengan temu bual terhadap tokoh-tokoh yang terlibat dalam sistem pentadbiran penghulu. Kajian ini menumpu pada penilaian perubahan kepimpinan penghulu dalam dua tujuan utama. Pertama, mengkaji tentang perubahan yang berlaku sebelum dan selepas penyerahan daerah Muar kepada Maharaja Abu Bakar pada tahun 1879 dan perkembangan institusi penghulu selepas pembukaan bandar Maharani pada tahun 1884. Kedua, mengkaji perubahan dan perkembangan institusi penghulu sekitar tahun 1900 sehingga 1940 selaras dengan perkembangan institusi penghulu itu sendiri. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap kepimpinan secara keseluruhannya ialah tinggi. Sungguh pun sering mengalami perubahan dan cabaran, institusi penghulu masih dapat dikekalkan kewujudannya atau dengan erti kata sebenarnya peranan penghulu sentiasa diperlukan oleh anak buahnya sebagai tempat rujukan dalam pelbagai aspek kehidupan demi memenuhi mutu hidup masyarakat.

Kata kunci: Kepimpinan penghulu; zaman sebelum merdeka

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to assess changes of the chieftain leadership in Johor between 1862 till 1940, which for 78 years. The study focused on the leadership of chieftain in three levels which traditional, colonial and post-independence era. Ten districts in the state of Johor is the subject of this study scope review. To study changes in the leaderships of chieftain, this study used a qualitative research method. An interview was also conducted against the present chieftains, retired chiefs, Johor state government officials and the public in order to enhance this research. To ensure that the change of chieftain leadership in Johor, this study focuses on the assessment of changes in the leadership of chieftain in three stages. Firsts is examines the extent to which the leadership of the leaders are still relevant in Johor state administration system due to the development of the administrative system in 1862 till 2012. Second, the rate of change of leadership in Johor due to the changing times traveled by the leaders of the traditional period until the post-independence period. Third, researching and reviewing the efficient measures to strengthen the leader’s knowledge and leadership stability in the state. Results showed that the overall level of leadership is high or the sense actually the role of chief always needed by his follower as point of reference in many aspect of life in order to achieved the quality of community life.

Keywords: Leadership; traditional era; colonial era; post-independence era