Ma’rifatullah Menurut Shaykh Hamzah Fansuri (Hamzah Fansuri on Knowing Allah)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Awal agama adalah mengenal Allah. Mengenal Allah menjadi paksi dalam pendidikan akidah umat Islam sehingga ia sering dipesan oleh para ulama dalam karya-karya mereka termasuk Hamzah Fansuri. Artikel ini meneliti pandangan Hamzah Fansuri mengenai Ma’rifatullah daripada sudut kewajipannya dan juga asas-asasnya sebagaimana yang dinyatakan di dalam bab keempat dalam karyanya, Sharab al-‘Ashiqin. Berdasarkan analisis kandungan, tulisan ini mendapati bahawa Hamzah Fansuri menyampaikan pesanannya mengenai kewajipan tersebut berasaskan ayat al-Quran dan petikan hadith dan melihat bahawa kewajipan Ma’rifatullah adalah berdasarkan kemampuan manusia masingmasing. Manakala asas terpenting dalam mengenal Allah ialah dengan mengenal siapakah Tuhan dan hubungannya dengan manusia. Hubungan tersebut dapat difahami dengan Sifat-sifat Allah yang utama termasuk Qadim, Khaliq, Baqi, Wujud dan sebagainya.

Kata kunci: Hamzah Fansuri; Ma’rifatullah; Tasawwuf; Islam di alam Melayu

ABSTRACT: Knowing Allah is the first and foremost action in religion. Knowing Allah is the centre in education of Islamic creed, therefore became widely reminded by Muslim scholars including Hamzah Fansuri. This article analyzes Hamzah Fansuri’s view on Knowing Allah whith special attention to its obligation and principles as written in the chapter four of his Sharab al-‘Ashiqin. Based on content analysis, this work finds that Hamzah Fansuri uses verses from the Quran and fragments from the Hadith as his basis of understanding. He realizes that all mankind are varied in their capabilities on knowing Allah. He also stresses the main principles in knowing Allah is to understand who is God and what it’s relation to mankind. Such relations could be understodd by knowing God’s attributes such as Eternity, Creator, Everlasting, Existence and many others.

Keywords: Hamzah Fansuri; Ma’rifatullah; Sufism, Islam in the Malay world