Pengantar Hak Asasi Manusia Moden dan Hujah Sangkalan Ia Bertentangan Dengan Islam (Introduction to Modern Human Rights and Rebutting Argument That It Is Contrary to Islam)

MOHD FAIZAL MUSA

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Gagasan Hak Asasi Moden seperti yang terkandung dalam ‘The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948’ (UDHR 1948) sering dijadikan tebusan oleh relativis budaya dengan dua alasan. Pertama, UDHR 1948 tidak menepati selera dan syariat Islam. Kedua, UDHR 1948 adalah gejala atau produk Barat dan tidak sesuai dilaksanakan sepenuhnya di Timur. Makalah ini akan cuba menjawab salah satu hujah relativis budaya tersebut iaitu UDHR 1948 tersebut bertentangan dengan Islam. Inti pati makalah akan menjelaskan bagaimana ajaran Islam sejajar dengan gagasan Hak Asasi Moden seperti terserlah dalam UDHR 1948. Untuk mencapai tujuan itu, dengan menggunakan kerangka eklektik antara ‘verstehen und verständigung’ dan kesatuan dalam kerencaman (unity in plurality), pengalaman sukar dan kegemilangan sejarah lalu yang dihadapi oleh tamadun Islam di Timur dan peradaban Barat disorot secara mendalam. Di hujungnya satu kefahaman dan komunikasi yang jelas antara kedua-dua kutub pemikiran dapat disepadukan.

Kata kunci: Hak asasi manusia; maqasid syariah; relativisme budaya; The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948, dialog peradaban; Najib Razak

 

ABSTRACT: The idea of modern human rights as espoused in ‘The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948’ (UDHR 1948) are often held hostage by cultural relativists for two reasons. Firstly, UDHR 1948 is not concurrent with the Sharia. Secondly, UDHR 1948 is a Western product and not suitable to be fully implemented in the East. This paper will attempt to answer one of the cultural relativists argument that the UDHR 1948 is contrary to Islam. The essence of the paper explain how the teachings of Islam in line with the concept of Modern Human Rights as reflected in the UDHR 1948. For this purpose, using eclectic approach between ‘verstehen und verständigung’ and unity in plurality framework, hostile experiences and glorious episode from Islamic civilization in the East and Western civilizations are highlighted in depth. At the end, understanding and clear communication between the two poles of thought can be integrated.

Keywords: Human rights; Maqasid Syariah; cultural relativism; The Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948; dialogue of civilizations; Najib Razak


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