Strategi Pengenalan Teks Ilmiah Berbahasa Melayu: Dimensi Nahuan

IDRIS AMAN, BENAZIR TANJUNG FATKUR RAHMAN

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Tanggapan umum mengatakan wujud perbezaan wacana ilmiah antara bidang sains tulen dengan sains sosialkemanusiaan. Tetapi aspek apa dan setakat mana perbezaannya kurang dihuraikan. Dari segi linguistik, perbezaan yang memang ketara dan disedari wujud ialah perbezaan laras bahasa, iaitu adanya variasi dalam penggunaan kosa kata dan istilah. Bagaimanapun, yang menjadikan sesuatu peristiwa bahasa itu sebuah wacana bukan sahaja aspek kosa kata, malah aspek-aspek lain turut memainkan peranan, seperti nahuan, kandungan, sifat kewacanaan, dan konteks penghasilannya. Penggemblengan semua aspek ini dalam penghasilan teks dinamakan sebagai ‘strategi wacana’. Makalah ini berhasrat mendapatkan sebahagian jawapan daripada tanggapan tersebut. Untuk itu, kajian ini menghuraikan dan menjelaskan empat strategi nahuan yang digembleng oleh teks saintifik kedua-dua bidang tersebut di dalam bahasa Melayu, iaitu adverba awal ayat, jenis proses, jenis ayat, dan jenis tematik melalui pemanfaatannya oleh penulis berwibawa di dalam jurnal beriktiraf. Data dibataskan pada bahagian pendahuluan teks sahaja. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pola umum penggemblengan keempat-empat aspek nahuan tersebut tidak memperlihatkan strategi wacana yang sangat berbeza. Kedua-dua bidang banyak menggembleng adverba awal ayat jenis situasi melebihi jenis yang lain, ayat bertema luar biasa berbanding ayat bertema biasa, ayat sederhana berbanding ayat rencam, dan proses lakuan. Persamaan strategi wacana daripada empat aspek nahuan ini memperlihatkan bahawa dalam penghasilan wacana kedua-dua bidang ini, yang lebih dipentingkan ialah nilai dan tuntutan ilmiah, dan bukannya bidang.

Kata kunci: strategi wacana, teks ilmiah, nahuan, adverba awal ayat, proses, jenis tema

 

ABSTRACT: There is a general perception that pure sciences and social sciences and humanities academic discourse are distinct. Nevertheless, what is the distinction and to what extent the difference is less described. From linguistics point of view, the obvious and realized distinction between these two areas is what is called language register – where their lexical and terms varies. However what makes a language event a discourse is not only lexical, other aspects also comes into play for example grammatical, content, discursivity and context of productions. The utilization of these aspects in producing a text is named as ‘discourse strategy’. This paper intends to gather some of the answers to the question. Therefore this study describes and explains four grammatical strategies used by the scientific texts in both area in written Malay language, namely initial adverbial phrase, process type, type of sentence and thematic types as employed by a credible writer in recognised journals. Data is confined to introduction section only. Findings show common pattern of usage for all grammatical aspects and does not show much difference. Both areas show lots of usage of situational initial adverbial phrase, marked theme sentences, simple compared to complex sentences, and action process. The similarities of these four grammatical aspects show that in the production of discourse in both areas, what are more important are values and academic requirement, and less on area.

Key words: discourse strategy, academic text, grammatical, initial adverbial phrase, process, theme type


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