Agama dan Budaya Berpisah Tiada: Tinjauan terhadap Masyarakat Murut Tahol di Sabah (The Indivisible Nature of Religion and Culture: A Review on the Murut Tahol Community in Sabah)
Abstract
ABSTRAK: Agama dan budaya adalah dua elemen penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat Murut Tahol di Sabah. Walaupun zaman sentiasa berubah dan bersilih ganti, kedua-dua elemen ini masih kekal dan berjalan seiringan memperkukuh jati diri etnik ini. Apa yang menarik di sini ialah perubahan agama dan kepercayaan tidak menjadikan budaya mereka terpinggir atau ditinggalkan. Apakah rahsianya? Makalah ini akan membincangkan tentang keupayaan masyarakat Murut Tahol mengekalkan amalan budayanya walaupun pegangan agama mereka telah berubah daripada animisme kepada Kristian. Perbincangan ini adalah berdasarkan kepada kajian yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan etnografi di Ulu Tomani, Daerah Kecil Kemabong, Tenom, Sabah. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa masyarakat ini mempunyai kekuatan untuk membuat pilihan tentang apa yang perlu dilakukan untuk mengekalkan budaya tradisionalnya dalam kerangka kepercayaan yang baharu. Dengan lain perkataan mereka adalah agen kepada perubahan masyarakatnya sendiri atau disebut sebagai localized social change. Keupayaan inilah yang menjadikan masyarakat Murut Tahol masih dapat mengekalkan amalan budayanya seperti adat merisik (pamalaan), adat pertunangan (antamong), adat perkahwinan (ahuot), adat menghantar berian akhir (tinauh), dan adat mencuci benih padi (amparawak ra Vivit).
Kata kunci: Agama; budaya; adat; Murut Tahol; Sabah
ABSTRACT: Religion and culture are two important elements in the lives of the Murut Tahol community in Sabah. Even though times have changed, these two elements still endure and continue to strengthen the identity of this ethnic group. A point of interest would be that a change in religion and belief does not lead them to abandon or leave their culture. What then is the secret to this? This paper discusses the ability of the Murut Tohol community in maintaining their cultural practices even though they have shifted from holding on to animistic beliefs to Christianity. This discussion is based on a research conducted by using the ethnographic approach in Ulu Tomani, Kemabong District, Tenom, Sabah. The result of this study reveals that the community has the fortitude to decide on what needs to be done to ensure the sustainability of their traditional culture within their new framework of belief. In other words, they are the agents of change in their own community or their experience is identified as localized social change. It is this capacity to change which allows the Murut Tahol community to retain their cultural practices such as the merisik custom (pamalaan), engagement custom (antamong), marriage custom (ahuot), the custom of the final handing over of the outstanding dowry (tinauh) and the custom of cleansing the rice grains (amparawak ra Vivit).
Keywords: Religion; culture; customs; Murut Tahol; Sabah
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Buletin Perangkaan Bulanan Sabah. 2010. Kota Kinabalu: Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia.
Bustanuddin Agus. 2005. Agama dalam Kehidupan Manusia. Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
C. Wright Mills & Hans Gerth. 1964. Character & Social Structure. USA: Mariner books.
Harris, Annette Suzanne. 1990. The Tagal Murut. Dalam Sherwood (ed.). Social Organization of Sabah Societies. Kota Kinabalu: Sabah Museum.
Harris, Annette Suzanne. 1995. The Impact of Christianity on Power Relationships and Social Exchanges: A Case Study of Change Among the Tagal Murut. Sabah. Malaysia. Doctoral dissertation. School of Intercultural Studies. Biola University. Michigan: UMI Dissertation Service.
Harrisson, Tom. 1967. Ethnological Notes on The Muruts of Sapulut River, Sabah. Journal of the Malayan Branch, Royal Asiatic Society 40 (1): 111- 129.
Hasan Mat Nor. 2001. Salib dalam Komuniti Pinggiran. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Inkeles, Alex. 1985. Terjemahan Cheu Hock Tong. Apa itu Sosiologi? Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Lees, Shirley. 1964. Jungle Fire, Oliphants.
Lees, Shirley. 2006. Drunk Before Dawn. Kuala Lumpur: Sama Publications & Distributors Sdn Bhd.
Mair, Lucy 1989. Terjemahan Azemi Salim. Antropologi Sosial Permulaan. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Moore, Wilbert. 1986. Terjemahan Cheu Hock Tong. Perubahan Sosial. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Paul Porodong. 1999. Perubahan Sosial Masyarakat Rungus Pada Zaman Kolonial. Jurnal Manusia dan Masyarakat 11: 135-159.
Paul Porodong. 2004. The Impact of Colonialism on the Indigenous Society in Sabah: A Case Study in Kudat District of Sabah. Dalam Mohd Sarim Hj. Mustajab. Warisan Budaya Sabah: Etnisiti dan Masyarakat. Kota Kinabalu: Universiti Malaysia Sabah.
Poline Bala. 2009. An Engagement with “Modernity” Becoming Christian in The Kelabit. Highlands of Central Borneo. Dalam (ed.) Sather Clifford. Borneo Research Bulletin. United States: Borneo Research Council, Inc. 40: 173-185.
Rutter, Owen. 1922. The Pagans of North Borneo. London: Hutchinson & Co.
Spitzack, John. A (ed.). 1984. The Murutic Language Family. Languages of Sabah: A Survey Report. Australia: The Australian National University.
Tregonning, K.G. 1965. A History of Modern Sabah. Singapore: University Of Malaya Press.
INFORMAN
Andreas Antahai, 28 tahun, Kg Alutok, Ulu Tomani.
Antikoh Lituan, 63 tahun, Kg Masanoi, Tenom.
Fatimah Ismail, 50 tahun, (K.A.N) Hakim Mahkamah Anak Negeri, Tenom.
Jamil Ansukuk, 46 tahun, Kemabong.
Lokowon Antahai, 57 tahun, Kg Alutok, Ulu Tomani.
Pastor Yusof, 45 tahun, Kg. Alutok, Ulu Tomani.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
ISSN 2289-1706 | e-ISSN : 2289-4268
Institut Alam dan Tamadun Melayu (ATMA)
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan
MALAYSIA
© Copyright UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia