Kritikan Tuan Husein Kedah terhadap Doktrin Waḥdat al-Wujūd dan Ḥulūl dalam Kalangan alMutaṣawwifah di Nusantara (Tuan Husein Kedah’s Criticism of the Doctrine of Waḥdat al-Wujūd and Ḥulūl Among al-Mutaṣawwifah in the Malay Archipelago)

Abstract

ABSTRAK: Doktrin akidah Waḥdat al-Wujūd dan Ḥulūl telah lama tersebar dalam kalangan umat Islam sehingga menjadi keyakinan dalam kalangan sebahagian golongan yang menisbahkan diri mereka kepada tasawuf dan tarekat di Nusantara. Doktrin ini dikategorikan sebagai Pantheism oleh sebahagian pengkaji kerana dianggap membawa kepada pegangan bahawa Tuhan boleh menyatu dengan makhluk-Nya atau meresap ke dalam diri makhluk-Nya. Doktrin ini secara dasarnya bercanggah dengan dasar tauhid yang dikembangkan oleh para ulama Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah di Nusantara. Dasar tauhid yang dibawa oleh para ulama ini berteraskan kepada konsep tanzīh iaitu menyucikan Allah daripada sebarang persamaan dengan makhlukNya, baik daripada segi zat-Nya, sifat-Nya mahupun af‘āl-Nya. Daripada konsep ini lahirnya natijah iktiqad yang bersih daripada sebarang bentuk tashbīh dan tajsīm yang menyelimuti doktrin Waḥdat alWujūd dan Ḥulūl. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dengan mengaplikasi kajian teks ke atas kitab Hidāyat al-Mutafakkirīn fī Taḥqīq Ma‘rifat Rabb al-‘Ālamīn karangan Tuan Husein Kedah atau nama sebenarnya Shaykh Ḥusayn Naṣir bin Muḥammad Ṭabīb al-Mas‘ūdi al-Banjarī dari abad ke-19 Masihi. Kajian ini menumpukan kepada kritikan beliau terhadap doktrin Waḥdat al-Wujūd dan Ḥulūl berdasarkan Manhaj Akidah Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa Tuan Husein Kedah menentang konsep Waḥdat al-Wujūd dan Ḥulūl yang bersifat pantheisme yang menyifatkan Allah berjisim dan sama dengan makhluknya. Doktrin ini bertentangan dengan akidah Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah yang sebenar kerana menyamakan Allah dengan makhluknya daripada beberapa sudut seperti jisim dan tempat. Pandangan beliau ini dilihat bertepatan dengan penjelasan yang telah dinyatakan oleh ulama Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah dalam karya-karya mereka.

Kata kunci: Ḥulūl; Pantheism; Tajsīm; Tashbīh; Tuan Husein Kedah; Waḥdat al-Wujūd

ABSTRACT: The doctrines of Waḥdat al-Wujūd and Ḥulūl have long spread among Muslims, they becoming a belief among some groups who attribute themselves to Sufism and tarekat in the Malay Archipelago. This doctrine is categorised as a type of Pantheism by some scholars because it is considered to lead to the belief that God can merge with His creatures or permeate into the substance of His creatures. This doctrine is basically in conflict with the basis of Tawhid developed by the scholars of Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah in the archipelago. The principle of Tawhid brought by Ahli Sunnah scholars is based on the concept of tanzīh, which is to purify Allah from any resemblance to His creatures, both in terms of His substance, His attributes, and His acts. From this concept arises the result of pure iktiqad from any form of tashbīh and tajsīm which envelops the doctrines of Waḥdat al-Wujūd and Ḥulūl. This study uses a qualitative method by applying textual study on the book Hidāyat al-Mutafakkirīn fī Taḥqīq Ma’rifat Rabb al-’Ālamīn by Tuan Husein Kedah or real name Shaykh Ḥusayn Naṣir bin Muḥammad Ṭabīb al-Mas’ūdi al-Banjarī from the 19th century. This study focuses on his critiques of the doctrines of Waḥdat al-Wujūd and Ḥulūl based on the Manhaj Akidah Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah. The results of the study found that Tuan Husein Kedah opposed the concept of Waḥdat al-Wujūd and Ḥulūl which are pantheistic, which attributes Allah to mass and equal to his creatures. This doctrine is contrary to the true creed of Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah because it equates Allah with his creatures from several angles such as mass and place. His view is seen to coincide with the explanation that has been stated by the scholars of Ahli Sunnah Waljamaah in their works.

Keywords: Ḥulūl; Pantheism; Tajsīm; Tashbīh; Tuan Husein Kedah; Waḥdat al-Wujūd