Ancaman Penculikan untuk Tebusan di Pantai Timur Sabah (Threat of Kidnapping for Ransom (KFR) on the East Coast of Sabah)

ABDUL RASHID ABDUL HAMID, RAMLI DOLLAH

Abstract


ABSTRAK: Ancaman pelanunan di Malaysia khususnya di negeri Sabah bukanlah isu baharu kerana ia dapat ditelusuri sebelum terbentuknya Persekutuan Malaysia. Lanun-lanun yang digeruni ini dikenal pasti aktif melakukan jarahan dan serangan ke atas kapal-kapal pedagang di perairan Laut Sulu, Selat Melaka, Selat Singapura sehingga ke Teluk Bengal. Pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia sebagai sebuah negara berdaulat pada tahun 1963 yang menggabungkan tiga wilayah iaitu Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, Sabah dan Sarawak bukanlah titik noktah kepada ancaman-ancaman pelanunan ini. Walau bagaimanapun, menjelang tahun 2000, ancaman yang suatu ketika dahulu hanya dianggap ancaman lanun, kini mulai dilihat berevolusi kepada ancaman berbentuk baharu iaitu ancaman Kidnapping for Ransom (KFR). KFR merupakan tindakan menculik individu atau kumpulan individu yang bermotifkan untuk mendapatkan wang tebusan dan kini kerap berlaku di perairan pantai timur negeri Sabah. Dalam menelusuri evolusi ancaman pelanunan kepada ancaman KFR yang berlaku di negeri Sabah semenjak tahun 2000, perbincangan dalam makalah ini akan memfokuskan kepada beberapa perkara iaitu pertama, sejarah pelanunan sebelum pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia; kedua, perkembangan pelanunan selepas pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia; dan yang terakhir, penulisan turut membincangkan kemunculan ancaman KFR menjelang tahun 2000. Artikel ini berhujah bahawa ancaman pelanunan dan KFR yang dihadapi oleh negeri Sabah menjelang 1980-an majoriti dilakukan oleh Kumpulan Abu Sayyaf (KAS). Apa yang dikenal pasti, kumpulan ini hanya mengubah bentuk serangan yang pada awalnya hanya bersifat serangan dan rompakan ke atas kapal laut mahupun penduduk di kawasan pesisir menjadi serangan yang lebih kompleks dengan kewujudan elemen penculikan untuk dijadikan tebusan. Selain itu, penulisan ini turut berhujah bahawa konflik yang berlaku di negara jiran Filipina merupakan antara indikasi utama yang menyebabkan ancaman pelanunan dan KFR terus berlaku di Sabah sehingga ke hari ini. Bagi menyiapkan makalah ini, penulis menggunakan metode penyelidikan kualitatif dengan pemerolehan data melalui teknik temu bual, kajian lapangan serta kajian kepustakaan yang turut di sokong oleh dokumen-dokumen rasmi daripada kerajaan sama ada pada peringkat negeri mahupun persekutuan.

Kata kunci: Pelanunan; Kidnapping for Ransom (KFR); keselamatan; Pantai Timur Sabah; Malaysia

ABSTRACT: The danger of piracy in Malaysia, especially in Sabah, is not a new one; it has existed since before the Federation of Malaysia was established. The horrifying pirates were deliberately involved in piracy and attacks on merchant ships all the way to the Bay of Bengal, in the seas of the Sulu Sea, the Straits of Malacca, and the Straits of Singapore. The establishment of Malaysia as a sovereign state in 1963, which brought together the three provinces of the Malay Peninsula, Sabah, and Sarawak, did not put an end to piracy threats in the area. By the year 2000, though, the crime that was once thought to be a pirate’s threat had evolved into a different kind of threat known as kidnapping for ransom (KFR). KFR is a ransom kidnapping of persons or groups of people that has become increasingly popular in Sabah’s east coast waters. The development of piracy to the KFR threat in eastern Sabah after 2000 is divided into three parts: first, the past of piracy prior to the establishment of the Federation of Malaysia; second, piracy in eastern Sabah between 1963 and 1999; and third, the advent of the KFR threat by the year 2000. Since the 1980s, the bulk of piracy and KFR attacks have been carried out by the Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG). The ASG is simply transforming the type of assaults, which were formerly only attacks and robberies on the sea as well as coastal communities, into something more complicated, with the addition of an abduction for ransom aspect. Furthermore, the article claims that tensions in the southern Philippines are one of the key signs that eastern Sabah is still dealing with piracy and the KFR challenge today. The writers use observational analysis approaches to collect evidence for this article, including interviewing techniques, field surveys, and library studies, many of which are backed up by official government records.

Keywords: Piracy; Kidnapping for Ransom (KFR); security; East Coast of Sabah; Malaysia


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