Implicatures And Explicatures In English And Spanish Commercial Messages: Pragmatic Level Versus Semantic Level

Abstract

This article analyses the differences between English and Spanish in technical advertising
texts in relation to the concepts of implicature and explicature. It looks at the distinctive
features of publicity discourse in both English and Spanish advertising messages. The
texts studied show different patterns: fluctuation from implicit to explicit implicatures,
explicatures combined with consecutive sentences, explicatures combined with
implicatures, and exclusive use of implicatures. The contrast between English and
Spanish reveals that the latter makes a full display of implicatures, so that the pragmatic
level has a higher level of use. In contrast, English shows a tendency to combine
implicatures with explicatures or with consecutive sentences, which also play the role of
hidden implicatures. Both the English and Spanish language makes full use of
implicatures. They are graded on a scale which ranges from implicit (veiled) to explicit
(open) implicatures. The analysis shows that advertising messages share the same
behaviour in the self-attribution of the concept of quality; they also show a contrast
between the positive features of the company being advertised and insufficiencies of the
rival companies; and, finally, this counterbalance is shown by means of the opposition
open statements (haves) and implicatures (haves nots).