e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities
ABOUT THIS JOURNAL e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities is an international, peer-reviewed and open access journal that publishes articles of social and behavioral sciences, and the humanities. It is a quality refereed multidisciplinary journal which is published by the UKM Press, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). e-Bangi publishes original findings or empirical articles (qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods), literature reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, theoretical articles, and methodological articles. E-Bangi does not consider the following types of articles: essays, brief reports, case studies, and book reviews. e-Bangi is an official journal of Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) that was first published in 2004. Starting 2023, the journal will be published 4 times a year, in February, May, August, and November. It is published in English and Bahasa Malaysia, and it is open for submission by authors from all over the world. The journal follows COPE Core Practices for publication ethics. The journal accepts submission through its online submission system. To submit a manuscript please click here.
Analisis Keberkesanan dan Kepuasan Terhadap Program Pembangunan Kapasiti Wanita di Malaysia (2022-2023) (An Analysis of the Effectiveness and Participant Satisfaction with Women's Capacity Development Programs in Malaysia (2022-2023)
Pelbagai inisiatif pembangunan kapasiti wanita telah dilaksanakan di Malaysia sebagai strategi untuk memperkasa kedudukan ekonomi wanita, khususnya dalam menjana pendapatan secara mampan. Kajian ini dijalankan bagi menilai hubungan antara tahap keberkesanan program pembangunan kapasiti wanita yang dianjurkan oleh Jabatan Pembangunan Wanita (JPW) dengan tahap kepuasan peserta program. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui reka bentuk survei, melibatkan 261 orang wanita yang telah menyertai program pembangunan kapasiti anjuran JPW. Teknik persampelan bertujuan digunakan bagi mendapatkan sampel yang relevan, manakala instrumen kajian terdiri daripada soal selidik berskala Likert lima mata. Analisis deskriptif telah dilaksanakan bagi menilai tahap keberkesanan program dan tahap kepuasan peserta, yang diklasifikasikan kepada tiga aras utama, iaitu rendah, sederhana dan tinggi. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa tahap keberkesanan program berada pada aras tinggi, seiring dengan tahap kepuasan peserta yang turut berada pada aras yang sama. Hubungan positif yang wujud antara keberkesanan program dan kepuasan peserta memberikan petunjuk bahawa kualiti pelaksanaan program memainkan peranan yang signifikan dalam membentuk persepsi serta tahap kepuasan peserta terhadap program yang dijalankan. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar program pembangunan kapasiti wanita diteruskan dengan penambahbaikan berterusan yang mengambil kira keperluan semasa serta ciri-ciri khusus kumpulan sasar. Abstract: Malaysia has implemented various women's capacity development initiatives as a strategy to empower women economically, particularly in achieving sustainable income generation. This study was conducted to assess the relationship between the effectiveness of women's capacity development programs organised by the Department of Women's Development (JPW) and participants' satisfaction. A quantitative approach was adopted using a survey design, involving 261 women who had participated in capacity development programmes organised by JPW. Purposive sampling was employed to obtain relevant respondents, while the research instrument comprised a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was conducted to evaluate the levels of programme effectiveness and participant satisfaction, which were categorised into three levels: low, moderate, and high. The findings revealed that the effectiveness of the programme was at a high level, which corresponded with the high level of satisfaction among participants. The positive relationship between programme effectiveness and participant satisfaction indicates that the quality of programme implementation plays a significant role in shaping participants’ perceptions and satisfaction with the programme. 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The Current Landscape of Waqf Fund for Human Capital Development (HCD) In Malaysia and Strategic Directions
The contribution of waqf in advancing socio-economic development is both historical and significant, particularly in the context of human capital development (HCD). HCD is essential for producing innovative, skilled, healthy, and educated professionals who can contribute effectively to national growth and competitiveness. As a form of sustainable and ethical financing, waqf plays a pivotal role in supporting HCD initiatives by funding education, healthcare, skills development, and welfare programs. This study aims to explore the current progress of HCD in Malaysia and analyse the role, issues, and challenges faced by waqf in this domain. It further seeks to provide viable recommendations for strengthening the integration of waqf in HCD efforts. The research adopts a qualitative methodology, utilizing data collected from a range of secondary sources including academic books, journal articles, conference papers, and official websites of HCD and waqf institutions. 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Human capital accumulation and economic growth in Malaysia-Investigating the long run nexus. Jurnal Ekonomi Malaysia, 48(1), 155-165. SME Corp. (2011). Economic Census 2011 - Profile of Small and Medium Enterprises. https://www.smecorp.gov.my/index.php/en/slides/9-uncategorised/1082-economic-cencus-2011-profile-of-smes Son, Hyun H. (2010). Human Capital Development [ADB Economics Working Paper Series No. 225]. Asian Development Bank, Manila, Philippines. Sowtali, S. N. (2021). Waqf for healthcare: social security of the future. International Journal of Care Scholars, 4(2), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.31436/ijcs.v4i2.177 Suhaimi, F. M. (2021). Sumbangan Wakaf dalam Membantu Pembangunan Wanita di Malaysia [Waqf Contribution in Assisting Women’s Development in Malaysia]. Jurnal Islam dan Masyarakat Kontemporari, 22(2), 100-108. https://doi.org/10.37231/jimk.2021.22.2.590 Sukmana, R., Ratnasari, R. T., & Widiastuti, T. (2022). Issues and challenges of waqf in providing healthcare resources. Islamic Economic Studies, 30(1), 2-22. https://doi.org/10.1108/ies-09-2021-0034 Thaib, L. (2013). Human capital development from Islamic perspective: Malaysia’s experience. European Journal of Management Sciences and Economics 1(1), 11-20. Thaker, M. A. M. T., Amin, M. F., Thaker, H. M. T., Khaliq, A., & Pitchay, A. A. (2020). Cash waqf model for micro enterprises’ human capital development. ISRA International Journal of Islamic Finance, 13(1), 66-83. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijif-08-2018-0091 Thangavelu, S. M. & Wang, W. (2020). Skills and human capital development policies of ASEAN [JCI-JSC-WP-2020-03]. Sunway University Sdn Bhd, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia The EDGE Malaysia. (2024, August 19). myWaqafPTPTN: Empowering education and community development. The EDGE Malaysia. https://theedgemalaysia.com/content/advertise/mywaqafptptn-empowering-education-and-community-development. Usman, M., & Ab Rahman, A. (2023). Funding higher education through waqf: a lesson from Malaysia. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(1), 107-125. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijoes-12-2021-0217 Utusan Malaysia. (2024, November 5). 1.86 juta rakyat Malaysia berkemahiran dijangka berhijrah [1.86 million skilled Malaysians are expected to migrate abroad]. Utusan Malaysia. https://www.utusan.com.my/berita/2024/11/1-86-juta-rakyat-malaysia-berkemahiran-dijangka-berhijrah/ World Economic Forum. (2013). The Human Capital Report. Geneva, Switzerland. Retrieved from https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_HumanCapitalReport_2013.pdf#page=17.32 Yafi, L. (2024). Productive Waqf Development Strategy to Grow Community Economy in Selangor Malaysia. Demak Universal Journal of Islam and Sharia, 2(03), 189-198. https://doi.org/10.61455/deujis.v2i03.111 Yusof, Z. (2013). Economic diversification: The case of Malaysia. Retrieved from https://resourcegovernance.org/sites/default/files/RWI_Econ_Diversification_Malaysia.pdf Yusuf, H. (2020). Management and Utilization of Productive Waqf in Empowering Community’s Economy. Al-Bayyinah, 4(1), 36-51. https://doi.org/10.35673/al-bayyinah.v4i1.646 Zulkifli, N., Ismail, M. N., Osman, G., & Yusoff, Z. (2022). A Systematic Literature Review on Waqf Governance. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 19(4), 31-42. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2022.1904.03 Zulkifli, S. A. M., Zulkifli, N. M. H., Yusuf, N. H. M., & Eem, C. J. (2018). Determinants of human capital development: Case of Malaysia. E-Academia Journal, 6(2), 38-46.
Enhancing Public Participation in Poverty Governance: A Policy Feedback Framework of China’s Counterpart Assistance
Public participation is critical to the effective implementation of anti-poverty policies, but it faces challenges such as low participation from marginalised groups, which stems from low awareness of opportunities for participation, lack of motivation, lack of resources and barriers such as the high cost of participation. The Chinese government's counterpart assistance policy is believed to have played an important role in mobilising public participation in poverty alleviation, but its mechanisms and impacts on public participation, especially in terms of social and political effects, remain understudied. This study aims to construct a comprehensive analytical framework to elucidate how counterpart assistance affects public participation in anti-poverty efforts through policy feedback theory and involutional effects, covering both positive and negative feedback mechanisms. A systematic literature review constructs a conceptual framework that explains how counterpart assistance affects public participation by integrating participation resources, participation attitudes, and participation autonomy as mediating variables. The proposed framework argues that counterpart assistance positively affects public participation through participation resources (resource effect) and participation attitudes (interpretation effect), enhancing material support and shaping positive attitudes. However, counterpart assistance may negatively affect participation autonomy, leading to an involution effect that manifests itself in reduced autonomy and formalistic participation. These mediating variables highlight the dynamic interaction of policy feedback in public participation. The framework offers fresh ideas for designing effective anti-poverty policies in developing countries, guides future empirical research, and informs policy adjustments to enhance public participation by balancing resource provision, attitude shaping, and autonomy maintenance. References <!--[if supportFields]> ADDIN EN.REFLIST <![endif]-->Baicker, K., & Finkelstein, A. (2019). The Impact of Medicaid Expansion on Voter Participation: Evidence from the Oregon Health Insurance Experiment. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 14(4), 383-400. Barki, H., & Hartwick, J. (1994). Measuring user participation, user involvement, and user attitude. Management Information Systems Quarterly, 59-82. Barrutia, J. M., & Echebarria, C. (2019). Comparing three theories of participation in pro-environmental, collaborative governance networks. Journal of Environmental Management, 240, 108-118. Beland, D., & Schlager, E. (2019). Varieties of Policy Feedback Research: Looking Backward, Moving Forward. 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Disenrolled: Retrenchment and Voting in Health Policy. Journal of Health Politics Policy and Law, 44(3), 423-454. He, X. (2019). Giving Village Cadres a Certain Amount of Autonomy - Preventing the “Involution” Crisis in Rural Basic Governance. People's Tribune(3), 54-55. Huang, P. C. C. (2000). The Peasant Economy and Social Change in North China. China Book Council (PRC). Ijon, R., Azman, A., & Jamir Singh, P. S. (2024). Exploring Sustainability in Social Welfare Non-Governmental Organisations. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(1). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2101.47 Islam, M. N., Furuoka, F., & Aida, I. (2020). Employee championing behavior in the context of organizational change: a proposed framework for the business organizations in Bangladesh. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 14, 735-757. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-01-2019-0019 Jing, Y., & Yu, K. (2024). Guided Participation in Markets: A Study of Paired Assistance in Poverty Alleviation in China. China: An International Journal, 22(3), 193-209. Jurlina Alibegović, D., & Slijepčević, S. (2018). Attitudes towards citizen participation in the local decision-making process: A comparative analysis. Društvena istraživanja: časopis za opća društvena pitanja, 27(1), 155-175. Kácha, O., & Ruggeri, K. (2018). Nudging intrinsic motivation in environmental risk and social policy. Journal of Risk Research, 22(5), 581-592. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2018.1459799 Levenda, A. M., Keough, N., Rock, M., & Miller, B. (2020). Rethinking public participation in the smart city. The Canadian Geographer / Le Géographe canadien, 64(3), 344-358. https://doi.org/10.1111/cag.12601 Liu, M., Feng, X., Wang, S., & Qiu, H. (2019). China’s Poverty Alleviation Over the Last 40 Years: Successes and Challenges. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 64(1), 209-228. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8489.12353 Lu, X. (2021). Involution from a Multidimensional Perspective: Research Status and Concept Combining. Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition), 35(6), 130-136. Luo, Z., Li, J., Wu, Z., Li, S., & Bi, G. (2022). Investigating the Driving Factors of Public Participation in Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Projects—A Case Study of China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(9), 5192. Mansuri, G., & Rao, V. (2013). Localizing development: Does participation work? DC: World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-82138256-1 Mettler, S. (2002). Bringing the state back in to civic engagement: Policy feedback effects of the GI Bill for World War II veterans. American Political Science Review, 96(2), 351-365. Mettler, S. (2019). Making What Government Does Apparent to Citizens: Policy Feedback Effects, Their Limitations, and How They Might Be Facilitated. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 685(1), 30-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716219860108 Mettler, S., & Welch, E. (2004). Civic Generation: Policy Feedback Effects of the GI Bill on Political Involvement over the Life Course. British Journal of Political Science, 34(3), 497-518. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007123404000158 Moore, B., & Jordan, A. (2020). Disaggregating the dependent variable in policy feedback research: an analysis of the EU Emissions Trading System. Policy Sciences, 53(2), 291-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11077-020-09377-0 Newman, M., & Gough, D. (2020). Systematic reviews in educational research: Methodology, perspectives and application. Systematic reviews in educational research: Methodology, perspectives and application, 3-22. Nie, T., Tian, M., Cai, M., & Yan, Q. (2023). Job Autonomy and Work Meaning: Drivers of Employee Job-Crafting Behaviors in the VUCA Times. Behav Sci (Basel), 13(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13060493 Nyama, V., & Mukwada, G. (2023). Factors Affecting Citizen Participation in Local Development Planning in Murewa District, Zimbabwe. Journal of Asian and African Studies, 58(3), 421-437. Orbach, A. (2011). Rethinking participation, rethinking power: reflections on local autonomy. Canadian Journal of Development Studies-Revue Canadienne D Etudes Du Developpement, 32(2), 196-209. https://doi.org/10.1080/02255189.2011.596033 Pacheco, J. (2013). Attitudinal Policy Feedback and Public OpinionThe Impact of Smoking Bans on Attitudes towards Smokers, Secondhand Smoke, and Antismoking Policies. Public Opinion Quarterly, 77(3), 714-734. Pierson, P. (1993). When effect becomes cause: Policy feedback and political change. World politics, 45(4), 595-628. Prasenjit, D. (1991). Culture, Power, and the State: Rural North China, 1900-1942 (Vol. 27) [Book ]. Stanford University Press. https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=aph&AN=12104342&lang=zh-cn&site=ehost-live Quintelier, E., & Van Deth, J. W. (2014). Supporting Democracy: Political Participation and Political Attitudes. Exploring Causality using Panel Data. Political studies, 62(1_suppl), 153-171. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9248.12097 Richardson, J., Gustafsson, G., & Jordan, G. (2013). The Concept of Policy Style. Routledge. Sargeant, J. M., & O'Connor, A. M. (2020). Scoping reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analysis: applications in veterinary medicine. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 11. Saunier, R. E., & Meganck, R. A. (2010). Dictionary and introduction to global environmental governance. Journal of World Energy Law & Business, 315(3), 1790-1791. Sekiguchi, T., Li, J., & Hosomi, M. (2017). 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The Impact of Implementing Devolution on Citizen Participation and Service Provision in Sunningdale, Harare, Zimbabwe. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.23 Soss, J., & Schram, S. F. (2007). A public transformed? Welfare reform as policy feedback. American Political Science Review, 101(1), 111-127. Tang, J. (2019). The Roots of Rural Governance Involution and Its Solution from the Resource Input Perspective. Journal of Ningbo University(Liberal Arts Edition), 32(5), 23-30. Wang, Q., Tian, Z., & Zhu, S. (2024). Paired assistance and poverty alleviation: Experience and evidence from China. Plos one, 19, e0297173. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297173 Wang, Y. (2022). The Paired Aiding Mechanism with Chinese Characteristics: Achievements, Experience and Value. Management World, 38(6), 71-85. https://doi.org/10.19744/j.cnki.11-1235/f.2022.0080 Wang, Y., & Su, Y. (2020). How to Achieve the Miracle of China's Poverty Alleviation: The Precise Administrative Mode of China's Poverty Alleviation and National Governance System Foundation. Journal of Management World, 36(4), 14. Wang, Y., & Xu, J. (2021). The Evolution of China’s Poverty Alleviation Policy: Text Analysis Based on the State Council’s Report on the Work of the Government from 1986 to 2018. Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education (ICSSHE 2021), 161-165. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.211122.077 Wang, Z., & Wang, F. (2020). Evaluation of Economic Growth Effect and Policy Effectiveness of Provincial Counterpart Assistance. Journal of South China Agricultural University (Social Science Edition), 19(6), 70-83. Wei, C., Xu, J., Wang, Z., Wu, H., & Wang, J. (2025). How to implement pairing assistance during fighting COVID-19 in China: collaborative governance between local governments under the authoritative regulation. 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Paired Assistance in China: Origins, Formation and Development. Journal of Gansu Administration Institute(4), 14-24. Zhong, K., & Lu, X. (2018). Exploring the administrative mechanism of China's Paired Assistance to Disaster Affected Areas programme. Disasters, 423, 590-612. https://doi.org/10.1111/disa.12262 Zou, K. (2019). Study on the Construction of a Great Pattern of Poverty Alleviation with the Public Participation:Taking Poverty Alleviation through Tourism as an Example. Social Sciences in Guangdong(3), 7. <!--[if supportFields]><![endif]-->
Media Portrayal of Donald Trump in the Post-2024 United States Presidential Election: A Content Analysis of News Reports and Opinion Columns in The Star Online, Malaysia
The way the media constructs events and personalities often have a significant impact on how the public perceives political figures. When President Donald Trump took the limelight in international politics during the 2024 U.S. presidential election and once again became a polarising figure, it turned out to be a significant topic of scholarly inquiry. Donald Trump’s post-election actions and statements have attracted momentous attention of global media outlets, including The Star Online, a prominent Malaysian English-language mainstream news outlet. By using the Framing Theory, this study examined Donald Trump’s portrayal in the aftermath of the 2024 U.S. presidential election to determine the themes, tones, and sources in that coverage. News reports and opinion columns published in the first 100 days were content analysed to probe into how The Star Online presents and contextualises news and opinions on Trump for Malaysian audiences. The findings suggested that The Star Online primarily portrayed Trump in a negative light. The reports focused on Trump’s policies, authoritarian leadership style, nationalism, and controversial statements after the election. The Star Online primarily framed dominant themes as criticism, including Trump’s economic policies, immigration stance, and foreign relations. The Star Online relied predominantly on international wire agencies as news sources, which indicates that the local media outlets may correspond with international media viewpoints, offering a homogeneous portrayal of Donald Trump. References Aalberg, T., Strömbäck, J., & de Vreese, C. H. (2012). The framing of politics as strategy and game: A review of concepts, operationalizations and key findings. Journalism, 13(2), 162–178. https://doi.org/10.1177/1464884911427799 Abbas, A., & Zahra, T. (2021). Corpus driven critical discourse analysis of 2020 presidential election campaign tweets of Donald Trump and Joe Biden. Hayatian Journal of Linguistics and Literature, 5(1), 27–47. https://hjll.uog.edu.pk/index.php/HJLL/article/view/12/2 Ali, B.M.A., Hayder, S. N. & Tan, A.L.D. (2021). Language of fear: A critical discourse study of presidential speeches. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(7: Special Issue), 136-152. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/18907/1/50766-165580-2-RV.pdf Bennett, W. L. (1990). Toward a theory of press-state relations in the United States. Journal of Communication, 40(2), 103–127. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1990.tb02265.x Cahyaningsih, O., & Pranoto, B.E. (2021). A critical discourse analysis: The representation of Donald Trump in the Reuters and the New York Times towards the issue of #Blacklivesmatter. Linguistics and Literature Journal, 2(2), 75-83. http://jim.teknokrat.ac.id/index.php/linguistics_and_literature/index Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). Framing theory. Annual Review of Political Science, 10, 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.polisci.10.072805.103054 D’Angelo, P. (Ed.). (2018). Doing news framing analysis II: Empirical and theoretical perspectives (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315642239 Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x Entman, R. M. (2004). Projections of power: Framing news, public opinion, and U.S. foreign policy. University of Chicago Press. Entman, R. M. & Usher, N. (2018). Framing in a fractured democracy: Impacts of digital technology on ideology, power and cascading network activation, Journal of Communication, 68(2), 298-308. https://doi.org/10.1093/joc/jqx019 Fernández, M. C. (2022). A corpus discourse analysis of Donald Trump’s speeches between 2015 and 2022. Qantu Yachay, 2(1), 147–166. https://doi.org/10.54942/qantuyachay.v2i1.24 Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Harvard University Press. Hallin, D. C., & Mancini, P. (2004). Comparing media systems: Three models of media and politics. Cambridge University Press. Patterson, T. E. (2017, September). News coverage of Donald Trump’s first 100 days. Harvard Kennedy School. https://www.hks.harvard.edu/publications/news-coverage-donald-trumps-first-100-days Hassan Khan, M., Ali, H., & Siddiqui, F. (2019). Polarisation and populism: A critical analysis of media framing of Donald Trump. Journal of Political Studies, 14(2), 105-119. Herman, E. S., & Chomsky, N. (1988). Manufacturing consent: The political economy of the mass media. Pantheon Books. Hovland, C. I., & Weiss, W. (1951). The influence of source credibility on communication effectiveness. Public Opinion Quarterly, 15, 635–650. https://doi.org/10.1086/266350 Ivana, P.S.I., Suprayogi, S. (2020). The representation of Iran and United States in Donald Trump’s speech: A critical discourse analysis. Linguistic and Literature Journal, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.33365/llj.v1i2.293 Iyengar, S. (1991). Is anyone responsible? How television frames political issues. The University of Chicago Press. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.7208/chicago/9780226388533.001.0001 Jutel, O. (2018). Donald Trump, American populism and affective media. In De La Torre, C. (Ed.), Routledge handbook of global populism (1st ed.), (pp. 375–392). Routledge. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327273769_Donald_Trump_American_Populism_and_Affective_Media Kellner, D. (2005). Media spectacle and the crisis of democracy: Terrorism, war, and election battles (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315633480 Kuypers, J.A. (2020). President Trump and the news media. https://doi.org/10.5771/9781793626059 Luo, X., He, M., & Yu, Z. (2022). 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Dynamics of Awe and Mindfulness in Awe Elicitation among Young Adults in Malaysia
Awe is an experience, similar to wonder, that expands one’s thoughts and emotions, facilitates the formation of belief systems, and generates significant therapeutic benefits. Researchers continue to call for new ways to elicit significant levels of awe in a lab setting because awe via natural phenomenon is rare, and virtual reality equipment, to mimic it, is expensive. The objective of this study was to investigate how much of each of the six aspects of awe (vastness, time-alteration, connection, physical sensation & accommodation) could be experienced in a lab through 2D video and group interactive reflections in comparison with a control group. The study design focused on intensifying awe through increasing attentional resources with mindfulness and increasing awe-immersion through relevance, variety, and longer awe exposures. The methodology was composed of sixty-eight young adults who were randomly assigned to a control group or an awe-intervention group, and then experienced a mindfulness exercise, either awe-intervention activities (videos and interactive reflection) or neutral videos, and afterwards, both completed the AWE-S scale. The findings indicated a significant difference in the total awe level of the two groups (t(66) = 3.195, p = 0.002), particularly in the aspects of vastness (p < 0.001) and self-diminishment (p = 0.006). However, both the control group and the awe group experienced levels of awe above a neutral threshold, suggesting that mindfulness potentially had awe-eliciting power. This expands upon current research suggesting that mindfulness could not only be a primer to awe but might also produce aspects of awe. References 321 Relaxing - Meditation Relax Clips. (2015, December 27). Relaxing music with nature sounds waterfall HD [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/lE6RYpe9IT0 Adame, A. 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Quantitative Approaches To Halal Practices: A Bibliometric Analysis
This study applies bibliometric analysis to investigate the scholarly landscape of halal practices, particularly identifying research trends, key contributions, and emerging themes. Data from the Scopus database analysed 541 publications from 2020 to 2024. Halal tourism, consumer behaviour, halal certification, and supply chain management are all key areas of study. The data show a consistent growth in research production, with a notable surge in publications in 2024, indicating increased academic and industrial interest. Citation analysis found highly influential papers on halal tourism and supply chain concerns, while keyword co-occurrence analysis identified "halal tourism," "certification," and "consumer trust" as prominent themes. Despite its contributions, the study admits some limitations, such as relying on a single database and excluding non-English publications. The study also emphasizes technology-driven research, such as digital traceability systems and customer sentiment monitoring. These findings highlight the dynamic nature of halal research and its ability to respond to current issues. Future research should focus on under-represented topics such as halal finance, sustainability, and the integration of emerging technology, which will provide more chances to broaden the field's intellectual and practical effects. References Ab Rashid, N., & Bojei, J. (2020). The relationship between halal traceability system adoption and environmental factors on halal food supply chain integrity in Malaysia. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 11(1), 117–142. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-01-2018-0016 Adiningtyas, Y., & Yunus, E. (2024). The Influence of Consumer Knowledge of Halal Supply Chain Practices on Purchase Intention in Halal Personal Care & Beauty Products. Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 10(3), 823–833. https://doi.org/10.17358/jabm.10.3.823Ahmad Jafar, A. H. A. H. (2024). Worldwide Research on Halal Tourism: a Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Business and Economic Analysis, August, 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1142/s2737566824500051 Ainin, S., Feizollah, A., Anuar, N. B., & Abdullah, N. A. (2020). Sentiment analyses of multilingual tweets on halal tourism. Tourism Management Perspectives, 34(February), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2020.100658 Amalia, F. A., Sosianika, A., & Suhartanto, D. (2020). Indonesian Millennials’ Halal Food Purchasing: Merely a Habit? British Food Journal, 122(4), 1185–1198. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2019-0748 Amna Puri, M. (2024). Global halal market - Statistics & Facts. Statista. https://www.statista.com/topics/4428/global-halal-market/#topicOverview Ana Andrés. (2009). Measuring Academic Research: How to Undertake A Bibliometric Study. Chandos Publishing. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-1-84334-528-2.50010-2 Aneesh, A. K. A. ., & Siddiq, A. (2024). Behaviour of muslim consumer towards halal food products: a review and bibliometric analysis. Journal of Halal Product and Research, 7(2), 199–209. https://doi.org/10.20473/jhpr.vol.7-issue.2.199-209 Azwani, S., Hamzah, S., Johari, S., Yusof, Y. A., Ramlan, M. A., Batrisyia, U., & Azmi, M. (2024). A Structured Review: Halal Regulatory System. Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management (JTHEM), 9(38), 259–289. https://doi.org/10.35631/JTHEM.938018 Farihah Maisarah Sofian, Mohd Rafizey Dalin, Maysarah Madzen, Nik Adam Hasyyim N. Shahbana, Shannen Lovenia Kamal Singh, Husna Husnul Khotimah Syafie, M. N. S. A. and S. F. M. A. (2023). Pembangunan Industi Halal: Kajian Perbandingan Prosedur dan Proses Pensijilan Halal dan Pengauditan serta Cabaran dihadapi oleh Malaysia dan Thailand. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2001.17 Fernando, Y., Eing, G. C., & Wahyuni-TD, I. S. (2024). Metaverse-supply chain and halal behavior: Bibliometric analysis, framework, and implications. Journal of Islamic Marketing. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-07-2023-0228 Gingras, Y. (2016). Bibliometrics and Research Evaluation: Ideas and Abuses. The MIT Press. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7551/mitpres s/10719.001.0001Goksu, I. (2021). Bibliometric Mapping of Mobile Learning. Telematics and Informatics, 56(51). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101491. Hallinger, Philip, and Van Thi Nguyen. "Mapping the Landscape and Structure of Research on Education for Sustainable Development: A Bibliometric Review." MDPI Journal Sustainability, 12(5), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/s2055-364120200000018019 Hasnan, N., Kohda, Y., & Saad, S. (2024). Mapping the Future of Halal Supply Chain Management: A Biblioshiny R Application. Paper Asia, 40(1), 39–50. https://doi.org/10.59953/paperasia.v40i1(b).46 Judijanto, L., Solihin, D., Nurnaningsih, R., Yusniar, Y., & Gastriani, O. P. (2025). Bibliometric Analysis of Halal Industry Research in the Global Market. West Science Islamic Studies, 3(01), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.58812/wsiss.v3i01.1617 Khairuddin, N. H., Kamarulzaman, N. H., Hashim, H., & Hussin, S. R. (2020). The Relationship between Marketing Strategies and Innovative Market Orientation on Performance of Halal-Certified Agro-Food SMEs. Food Research, 4(1), 124–132. https://doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.4(S1).S22 Khan, M. A., Pattnaik, D., Ashraf, R., Ali, I., Kumar, S., & Donthu, N. (2021). Value of Special Issues in the Journal of Business Research: A Bibliometric Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 125, 295–313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.12.015 Kushwaha, D., & Talib, F. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of Quality 4.0: current status, trends and future research directions. International Journal of Quality and Reliability Management, 1, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJQRM-10-2023-0322 Lestari, F., Nurainun, T., Kurniawati, Y., & Adzkia, M. D. (2021). Barriers and Drivers for Halal Supply Chain on Small-Medium Enterprises in Indonesia. International MultiConference of Engineers and Computer Scientists 2021 IMECS 2021, 184–189. Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA Statement. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 62(10), 1006–1012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.005 Ngah, A. H., Gabarre, S., & Thurasamy, R. (2022). Halal Transportation Adoption Among SMEs in Malaysia. In Halal Logistics and Supply Chain Management: Recent Trends and Issues (Issue September, pp. 151–164). Taylor & Francis. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003223719-15 Osman, S., Cheng, K. W., & Wider, W. (2022). Factors Affecting the Halal Cosmetics Purchasing Behaviour in Klang Valley, Malaysia. FWU Journal of Social Sciences, 16(4), 102–120. https://doi.org/10.51709/19951272/Winter2022/8 Pritchard, Alan. (1969). Statistical Bibliography or Bibliometrics. Journal of Documentation, 24, 348-349 Putera, P. B., & Rakhel, T. M. (2023). Halal Research Streams: A Systematic and Bibliometrics Review. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2023.2225334 Putri, W. S. (2024). The Impact of Sustainable Sourcing on Halal Certification: A Literature Review on Ethical and Environmental Concerns. Journal of Halal Review, 01(1), 51–64. https://doi.org/http://doi.org/10.70764/gdpu-jhr.2025.1(1)-05Rahman, M., Moghavvemi, S., Thirumoorthi, T., & Rahman, M. K. (2020). The Impact of Tourists’ Perceptions on Halal Tourism Destination: a Structural Model Analysis. Tourism Review, 75(3), 575–594. https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-05-2019-0182 Ratnasari, R. T., Gunawan, S., Mawardi, I., & Kirana, K. C. (2020). Emotional experience on behavioral intention for halal tourism. Journal of Islamic Marketing, 12(4), 864–881. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIMA-12-2019-0256Secinaro, S., Calandra, D., Secinaro, A., Muthurangu, V., & Biancone, P. (2021). The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare: a Structured Literature Review. BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making, 21(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12911-021-01488-9 Siti Nur Husna Abd Rahman, Rafidah Mohd Azli1, Nursafra Mohd Zhaffar, Muhammad Adnan Pitchan, K. H. M. J. & N. H. Z. (2025). Integrasi Maqasid Syariah dalam Promosi Hotel Patuh Syariah melalui Media Sosial berdasarkan Sorotan Literatur. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1), 617–626. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.50 Vanany, I., Soon, J. M., Maryani, A., & Wibawa, B. M. (2020). Determinants of Halal-Food Consumption in Indonesia. 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Rural-Urban Disparities in Educational Well-Being: A Study of Secondary School Children in Sri Lanka
This research paper explores the disparities in educational well-being among secondary school children in Sri Lanka based on geographic location, focusing on the differences between urban and rural contexts. Significant variation in resource allocation, school infrastructure, and parental educational backgrounds mark Sri Lanka's educational landscape, creating a diverse backdrop for the study. The research examines how these urban-rural disparities influence key dimensions of students' educational well-being, particularly access to educational resources and the development of hard, soft, and social skills that contribute to their ability to lead fulfilling and productive lives. The study aims to identify patterns of inequality, challenges, and opportunities that can inform policy-making and targeted interventions by focusing on the environments in which students live and learn. The research adopts a survey-based quantitative methodology, collecting data from a representative sample of 1,350 secondary school students across Sri Lanka. The data were analysed using Likert scales to measure educational well-being and a One-Way MANOVA to assess location-based differences. The findings indicate statistically significant differences in educational well-being across locations, with urban students scoring higher in all dimensions: access to resources, soft skills, social skills, and vocational skills. This study recommends targeted resource allocation, enhanced teacher training, skill development programmess, and comprehensive support systems, alongside further research, to improve educational well-being and ensure equitable opportunities for both urban and rural students. References Abamba, I. (2021). The effects of school location on students' academic achievement in senior secondary physics based on the 5E learning cycle in Delta State, Nigeria. LUMAT: International Journal on Math, Science and Technology Education, 9(1), 56–76. https://doi.org/10.31129/LUMAT.9.1.1371. Abeyasekera, A., Amarasuriya, H., & Ferdinando, M. (2008). Understanding well-being in Sri Lanka: A psychosocial framework. A Tool, a Guide and a Framework, 11-22. https://www.academia.edu/2430190/A_social_justice_approach_to_wellbeing_core_principles_for_incorporating_wellbeing_into_development_practice_in_Sri_Lanka. Aturupane, H., Shojo, M., & Ebenezer, R. (2018). Gender dimensions of education access and achievement in Sri Lanka. World Bank. Awang, M. M., Kutty, F. M., & Ahmad, A. R. (2014). Perceived social support and well being: First-year student experience in university. International Education Studies, 7(13), 261-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v7n13p261. Awodun, A., & Oyeniyi, A. (2018). Influence of school location on students' academic achievement in junior secondary school basic science in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research, 5(2), 23-27. https://www.jetir.org/papers/JETIR1806519.pdf. Ben-Arieh, A., Kaufman, N. H., Andrews, A. B., George, R. M., Lee, B. J., & Aber, L. J. (2013). Measuring and monitoring children's well-being (Vol. 7). Springer Science & Business Media. https://books.google.rw/books?id=svY-. Cadime, I., Pinto, A. M., Lima, S., Rego, S., Pereira, J., & Ribeiro, I. (2016). Well-being and academic achievement in secondary school pupils: The unique effects of burnout and engagement. Journal of Adolescence, 53, 169-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.10.003. Cahill, H., Beadle, S., Farrelly, A., Forster, R., & Smith, K. (2014). Building resilience in children and young people. The University of Melbourne. https://www.education.vic.gov.au/documents/about/department/resiliencelitreview.pdf. Careemdeen, J. D., Awang, M. M., & Ahmad, A. R. (2021). The Influence of Social Pedagogy Towards Educational Well-Being in Sri Lanka. The New Educational Review, 65, 76–86. https://doi.org/10.15804/tner.21.65.3.06. Chitsamatanga, B. B., & Rembe, N. S. (2020). Children’s rights to education in South Africa twenty years after democracy: A reflection on achievements, problems and areas for future action. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(5), 99–118. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/40210/10582. De Fraine, B., Van Landeghem, G., Van Damme, J., & Onghena, P. (2005). An analysis of wellbeing in secondary school with multilevel growth curve models and multilevel multivariate models. Quality and Quantity, 39(3), 297-316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-004-5010-1. Department of Census and Statistics. (2017). Report on child activity survey Sri Lanka. http://www.statistics.gov.lk/FAQ/ChildActivitySurvey-2016. Department of Census and Statistics. (2018). Annual school census of Sri Lanka. Final report. Ministry of Education. Dundar, H., Millot, B., Riboud, M., Shojo, M., Aturupane, H., Goyal, S., & Raju, D. (2017). Sri Lanka education sector assessment: Achievements, challenges, and policy options. World Bank. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1052-7. Fagioli, L. P. (2016). Measuring educational opportunity in rural communities: A cross-national analysis. Comparative Education Review, 60(4), 746-768. https://doi.org/10.1086/688395. Fan, X., & Chen, M. J. (1998). Academic achievement of rural school students: A multi-year comparison with their peers in suburban and urban schools. Journal of Research in Rural Education, 15. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:123757905. Fraillon, J. (2004). Measuring student well-being in the context of Australian schooling: Discussion paper. Curriculum Corporation. https://research.acer.edu.au/well_being/8. Gutman, L. M., & Vorhaus, J. (2012). The impact of pupil behaviour and wellbeing on educational outcomes. Department for Education, Research Report DFE-RR253, Childhood Wellbeing Research Center. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/media/5a747ef340f0b604dd7ae609/DFE-RR253.pdf. Garutsa, T., & Masuku, M. M. (2020). Intervention measures in addressing the needs of orphans and vulnerable children in Marondera, Zimbabwe. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(2), 198-207. https://doi.org/10.1823-884x. Holsted, I. (2015, February, 15). Education review office New Zealand, wellbeing for children's success at primary school. The Prime Minister's Youth Health Project. https://www.ero.govt.nz/assets/Uploads/ERO-Wellbeing-Primary-Schools-WEB.pdf. Little, A., Indika, H., & Rolleston, C. (2011). Access, attendance and achievement in rural schools in Sri Lanka. CREATE: Consortium for Research on Educational Access, Transitions and Equity. The Institute of Education, University of London. http://www.create-rpc.org/pdf_documents/PTA73.pdf. Lounkaew, K. (2013). Explaining urban–rural differences in educational achievement in Thailand: Evidence from PISA literacy data. Economics of Education Review, 37, 213-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2013.09.003. Luschei, T. F., & Fagioli, L. P. (2016). A vanishing rural school advantage? Changing urban/rural student achievement differences in Latin America and the Caribbean. Comparative Education Review, 60(4), 703-745. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/688394. Miller, C. L. (2017). The influence of extracurricular involvement on high school students' academic achievement and engagement in school [Doctoral dissertation]. North Dakota State University. Ministry of Education. (2008). Education for all: Mid decade assessment report Sri Lanka. https://uis.unesco.org/sites/default/files/documents/education-for-all-mid-decade-assessment-for-south-asia-en_0.pdf. Ministry of Education, Sri Lanka. (2018). School census report 2017. Ministry of Education. https://moe.gov.lk/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/School-Census-Report-2017.pdf. National Education Commission. (2016). Proposals for a national policy on general education in Sri Lanka. National Education Commission Sri Lanka. https://nec.gov.lk/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/NEC-GEP-final-English6.pdf. Noble, T., & McGrath, H. (2012). Wellbeing and resilience in young people and the role of positive relationships. In S. Roffey (Ed.), Positive relationships (pp. 17-33). Springer. Noble, T., & McGrath, H. (2015). The PROSPER school pathways for student wellbeing: Policy and practices. Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2147-0_2. Noble, T., Wyatt, T., McGrath, H., Roffey, S., & Rowling, L. (2008). Scoping Study into Approaches to Student Wellbeing: Final Report. Australian Catholic University and Erebus International. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/uws:29490. Nonaka, D., Gunawardena, N. S., Indrawansa, S., Nanri, A., Rajapakse, L., Mizoue, T., & Samarasinghe, D. (2012). Students' perception of school environment and life satisfaction at Sinhala-medium secondary schools in the Colombo District, Sri Lanka. Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Medicine and Public Health, 43(6), 1568. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23413721/. OECD. (2017). Programme for international student assessment 2017 results: Students' well-being. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2015-results-volume-iii_9789264273856-en.html. OECD. (2017). PISA 2015 results: Students' well-being. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/pisa-2015-results-volume-iii_9789264273856-en.html Panizzon, D. (2015). Impact of geographical location on student achievement: Unpacking the complexity of diversity. In A. Bishop, H. Tan, & T. N. Barkatsas (Eds.), Diversity in Mathematics Education: Towards inclusive practices (pp. 41-61). Springer. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05978-5_3. Ranasinghe, A., Arunathilake, N., & Dunusinghe, D. D. P. M. (2016). Study on investment in general education in Sri Lanka. Research Series (2014) – No. 07. NEC. Rasmy, M. I. (2018). Social environmental determinants of student dropout in the plantation settlement in Sri Lanka: A case study of a lower secondary school in Labookellie area [Doctoral dissertation]. Faculty of Social Science and Humanities, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Samuels, F., Jones, N., & Abu Hamad, B. (2017). Psychosocial support for adolescent girls in post-conflict settings: Beyond a health systems approach. Health Policy and Planning, 32(suppl_5), v40-v51. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czx127. Emmanuel, S., Wettasinghe, K., Samuels, F., Thambaiah, S., Rajendran, I., & Galappatti, A. (2014). Adolescent psychosocial wellbeing in the post conflict context of Sri Lanka. https://media.odi.org/documents/9803.pdf. Sarma, V., Licht, S., & Kalugalagedera, T. (2018). Rural-urban disparities in educational well-being: A study of secondary school students in Sri Lanka (CEPA Working Paper No. 18). Centre for Poverty Analysis (CEPA). Schwerter, J., Bleher, J., Doebler, P., & McElvany, N. (2023). Metropolitan, urban, and rural regions–How regional differences affect elementary school students' academic achievement, well-being, and motivation. Well-Being, and Motivation. https://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4368170. Tayyaba, S. (2012). Rural‐urban gaps in academic achievement, schooling conditions, student, and teachers' characteristics in Pakistan. International Journal of Educational Management, 26(1), 6-26. https://doi.org/10.1108/09513541211194356. Turashvili, T., & Japaridze, M. (2012). Psychological well-being and its relation to academic performance of students in Georgian context. Problems of Education in the 21st Century, 49, 73-80. http://www.scientiasocialis.lt/pec/files/pdf/vol49/73-80.Turashvili_Vol.49.pdf. Unugo, L. O. (2023). Impact of school location on students' academic achievement in social studies among junior secondary school students in Abakaliki education zone of Ebonyi State. Ebonyi State College of Education, Ikwo Journal of Educational Research, 8(2). https://ebscoeijer.org/index.php/self/article/view/34/30. Wijeratne, M., Seneviratne, R., Gunawardena, N., Østbye, T., & Lynch, C. (2015). Descriptive study of the psychosocial and physical environments of school in relation to violence among adolescents in the Gampaha District of Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 44(3). https://doi.org/10.4038/sljch.v44i3.8009. World Bank. (2011). Transforming school education in Sri Lanka from cut stones to polished jewels. The World Bank Colombo Office. https://documents.worldbank.org/en/publication/documents-reports/documentdetail/366241468301732117/transforming-school-education-in-sri-lanka-from-cut-stones-to-polished-jewels. World Bank. (2018). 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How People’s Daily Frame Aerospace Issue (1975-2023)
This study examines how People’s Daily, the party-affiliated newspaper of the Communist Party of China (CPC), has framed aerospace issues from 1975 to 2023, constructing narratives that serve its political and ideological goals in shaping public opinion. Aiming to uncover the dominant frames used in five periods and analyse their evolution in relation to China’s political leadership and national goals, the study uses methodologies that combine inductive and deductive framing analysis to reconstruct dominant frames from a sample of 145 articles (from a sample population of 4,706). The study identifies six dominant frames: Space Race, Independently-develop Aerospace Projects, Dynamic Aerospace Development, Aerospace Achievement-Orientated, International Cooperation, and Nation-Building. These frames are traced across five generations of CPC leadership, revealing a discursive evolution from early portrayals of survival and international competition to narratives positioning China as a leading global space power. In the later periods, the framing increasingly ties aerospace advancements to China’s historic dream of flight and national rejuvenation. A critical discourse analysis (CDA) further reveals the framing strategies and narratives of People’s Daily contribute to reinforcing the legitimacy of the CPC, cultivating a heightened sense of nationalism, and gaining public backing for extensive social transformation. The findings suggest that People’s Daily does not merely report on aerospace issues but actively induces its target audience to accept the interpretation of aerospace developments as symbols of national building and rejuvenation, socialist modernity, and the CPC’s governance efficacy. References Acharya, A. S., Prakash, A., Saxena, P., & Nigam, A. (2013). Sampling: Why and how of it. Indian Journal of Medical Specialties, 4(2), 330-333. https://doi.org/10.7713/ijms.2013.0032 Andika, D., Ali, M. N. S., & Rizal, A. R. A. (2025). News framing in the digital era based on moderate Islamic news portals within the Nahdlatul Ulama Islamic community. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(2), 423-430. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2202.34 Bo, Z. (2010). China’s elite politics: Governance and democratization. World Scientific. Brady, A. M. (2016). Plus ça change?: Media Control Under Xi Jinping. Problems of Post-Communism, 64(3-4),128–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/10758216.2016.1197779 Cai, W. L. (2021). Research on media image construction of Chinese astronauts in People’s Daily (1998–2019) [Master’s thesis, Nanjing Normal University]. CNKI. https://link.cnki.net/doi/10.27245/d.cnki.gnjsu.2021.002829 Cao, S. Y. (2022, April 19). China Space Station welcomes foreign astronauts to visit. People’s Daily. p. 3. Chong, D., & Druckman, J. N. (2007). A theory of framing and opinion formation in competitive elite environments. Journal of communication, 57(1), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2006.00331.x Cortina, J. M. (1993). What is coefficient alpha? An examination of theory and applications. Journal of applied psychology, 78(1), 98. https://doi.org/10.1037//0021-9010.78.1.98 CPC Organization Department. (2023). Statistical Bulletin on the Communist Party of China’s Membership. retrieved from https://www.gov.cn/yaowen/liebiao/202406/content_6960213.htm Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. psychometrika, 16(3), 297-334. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf02310555 Dan, V., Ihlen, O., & Raknes, K. (2020). Political public relations and strategic framing: Underlying mechanisms, success factors, and impact. In Political public relations. Taylor & Francis. Dobson, W. J. (2022). The Mandarin in the Machine. 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Analyzing Cadre Deployment as a Catalyst for Constitutional or Political Democracy in Africa: Insights from South Africa
The concept of political democracy has emerged within the discipline of political science to denote the notion that democratic systems are fundamentally shaped by its dynamics. In the context of contemporary governance, constitutional frameworks are designed to uphold the rule of law, ensuring accountability and legitimacy for both governing authorities and the citizenry. However, certain ruling parties adopt practices such as cadre deployment to advance their political objectives. This practice, often perceived either as a form of political patronage or as compensation for loyalty during struggles for political dominance, may result in the circumvention of constitutional principles and the erosion of mutual oversight among public officials. This paper seeks to critically examine whether cadre deployment supports the development of constitutional democracy or merely reinforces political democracy. Employing a qualitative research methodology, the study investigates whether incoming governments routinely implement cadre deployment and assess whether such practices contribute to partisan governance. The findings suggest that in some states such as South Africa; cadre diplomacy can be catalyst for mediocrity while other states such as China have used this policy to build the state. Therefore, the paper concludes that while cadre deployment can function as a tool for reinforcing constitutional democracy, it simultaneously presents a risk to constitutionalism and the integrity of democratic institutions by fostering mediocrity, facilitating corruption, and weakening other critical sectors. References Alston, P. (2017). The populist challenge to human rights. Journal of Human Rights Practice, 9(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/jhuman/hux007 Ani, K. J. (2024). Nigerian democratic behaviour and protest reportage in 2015 general elections. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(2), 394-403. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.32 Bellamy, R., Castiglione, D., Follesdal, A., & Weale, A. (2011). Evaluating trustworthiness, representation and political accountability in new modes of governance. In Heretier, A. & Rhodes, M. (eds). New Modes of Governance in Europe, 135-16. Palgrave Macmillan UK. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1934809. Biswas, R. (2020). Democracy and Exchange Rate Regime Choice in Sub-Saharan Africa. Campus Conversations in Standish, 17. https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/campus_conversations/17. Bjørnskov, C., & Rode, M. (2020). Regime types and regime change: A new dataset on democracy, coups, and political institutions. The Review of International Organizations, 15(2), 531-551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11558-019-09345-1 Borgatti, S. P., & Ofem, B. (2010). Overview: Social Network Theory and Analysis. In Daly, A. J. (Ed.). Social Network Theory and Educational Change, 17-29. Harvard Education Press. Brehm, J. O., & Gates, S. (1997). Working, shirking, and sabotage: Bureaucratic response to a democratic public. University of Michigan Press. Cassani, A. & Tomini, L. (2018). Autocratization in post-Cold war political regimes. Springer. Clarke, R. (2020). The challenges involved in establishing a research technique. Australasian Journal of Information Systems, 24. Selected Papers from the IS Foundations Conference. https://doi.org/10.3127/ajis.v24i0.2515 Colonnelli, E., Prem, M., & Teso, E. (2020). Patronage and selection in public sector organizations. American Economic Review, 110(10), 3071-3099. https://doi.org/10.1257/aer.20181491. Davis Jr, T. J. (2023). Political Attitudes and Perceptions of Batswana: The Implications for Sustainable Economic and Human Development in Sub-Saharan Africa. London Journal of Research In Humanities and Social Sciences, 23(22), 61-79. https://journalspress.com/LJRHSS_Volume22/Political-Attitudes-and-Perceptions-of-Batswana-The-Implications-for-Sustainable-Economic-and-Human-Development-in-Sub-Saharan-Africa.pdf. de Visser, J. (2019). Multilevel government, municipalities and food security. Food Security SA. Working Paper, 005. https://foodsecurity.ac.za/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/CoE-FS-WP5-Multilevel-Government-Municipalities-and-Food-Security-17-Apr-19.pdf. Dekoninck, H., & Schmuck, D. (2022). The mobilizing power of influencers for pro-environmental behavior intentions and political participation. Environmental Communication, 16(4), 458-472. https://doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2022.2027801. Furlong, S. R. (1998). Political influence on bureaucracy: The bureaucracy speaks. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 8(1), 39-65. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jpart.a024373 Hodges, D. C. (1965). 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(2012). “Public-Union Sector Politics and the Crisis of Education in South Africa.” Creative Education, 3(7), 1197–1204. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ce.2012.37178 Liu, W., Sidhu, A., Beacom, A. M., & Valente, T. W. (2017). Social network theory. The international encyclopedia of media effects, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118783764.wbieme0092 McClurg, S. D. (2003). Social networks and political participation: The role of social interaction in explaining political participation. Political Research Quarterly, 56(4), 449-464. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290305600407. Motswaledi, T. R., & Maseng, J. O. (2024). An Examination of Political Patronage and Maladministration on State-Owned Entities with Specific Reference to South African Airways: A Literature Study. Journal of Politics. & Law., 17, 74. Motswaledi, T. R., & Rapanyane, M. B. (2022). Is Political Networking A Threat to or Opportunity for South Africa's Democracy? A Critical Analysis. African Renaissance, 19(4). https://hdl.handle.net/10520/ejc-aa_afren_v19_n4_a9 Pillay, A., & Beharry-Ramraj, A. (2024). Load Shedding and Its Crippling Effect on the South African Economy: An Entrepreneurial Perspective. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.36 Republic of South Africa. (1996). Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, No. 108 of 1996. Government Gazette. Retrieved from https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution-republic-south-africa-1996 9 Republic of South Africa. (1996). Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, No. 108 of 1996: Chapter 2 – Bill of Rights. Government Gazette. https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-2-bill-rights. Republic of South Africa. (1996). Constitution of the Republic of South Africa Act, No. 108 of 1996: Chapter 3 – Co-operative government. Government Gazette. https://www.gov.za/documents/constitution/chapter-3-co-operative-government. Rodrik, D. (2018). Populism and the Economics of Globalization. Journal of International Business Policy, 1(1-2), 12-33. https://doi.org/10.1057/s42214-018-0001-4 Rosen, C. C., & Perrewé, P. L. (Eds.). (2017). Power, politics, and political skill in job stress. Emerald Group Publishing. Sekgothudi, K., Ndlovu, N., Radzilani, R. & Khatleli, N. (2015). Investigating the Government’s Experience with Regard to the Effectiveness of Public-Private Partnerships in Meeting Black Economic Empowerment Policy Aspirations. Proceedings of the DII-2015 Conference on Infrastructure Development and Investment Strategies for Africa, Livingstone, Zambia, 16-18 September 2015. Shava, E., & Chamisa, S. F. (2018). Cadre Deployment Policy and its Effects on Performance Management in South African Local Government: A Critical Review. Politeia (02568845), 37(1). https://doi.org/10.25159/0256-8845/3849. Suen, L.J.W., Huang, H.M. and Lee, H.H. (2014). A comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. Hu Li Za Zhi, 61(3), 105. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.6224/jn.61.3.105. Tshishonga, N. (2014). Cadre deployment and its implications on service delivery in South Africa: A human development capability approach. Journal of Public Administration, 49(3), 891-908. http://dx.doi.org/10.24086/cuejhss.v6n1y2022.pp11-18 Valente, T. W., & Pitts, S. R. (2017). An appraisal of social network theory and analysis as applied to public health: challenges and opportunities. Annual Review Of Public Health, 38, 103-118. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044528 Wike, R., Simmons, K., Stokes, B. and Fetterolf, J. (2017). Many unhappy with the current political system. Pew Research Center. http://www.pewglobal.org/2017/10/16/many-unhappywith-current-political-system/.
Hubungan antara Sikap dengan Niat Pembelajaran Bahasa Cina di Serian, Sarawak (The Relationship between Attitude and Intention to Learn Chinese among Students in Serian, Sarawak)
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti tahap sikap dan niat pelajar terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Cina serta menganalisis hubungan antara kedua-duanya dalam kalangan pelajar Cina luar bandar sekolah menengah kebangsaan di Serian, Sarawak. Bahasa Cina dalam konteks ini merujuk kepada bahasa Mandarin (juga dikenali sebagai Huayu) yang diajarkan sebagai mata pelajaran di sekolah. Kajian ini mengaplikasikan pendekatan kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan dengan menggunakan soal selidik sebagai instrumen pengumpulan data. Seramai 174 pelajar dipilih secara rawak mudah sebagai responden. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa pelajar luar bandar mempunyai sikap yang positif terhadap pembelajaran bahasa Cina, dengan komponen kognitif mencatatkan skor tertinggi, diikuti oleh afektif dan perilaku. Skor komponen perilaku yang sedikit lebih rendah mencerminkan cabaran pelajar untuk mengamalkan penggunaan bahasa secara konsisten dalam situasi formal seperti di bilik darjah. Tahap niat pelajar juga tinggi, khususnya dalam aspek niat tulen dan niat tingkah laku. Analisis korelasi mendapati hubungan yang signifikan dan sangat kuat antara sikap dan niat (r = .714, p < .01), dengan komponen afektif mencatatkan korelasi tertinggi. Dapatan ini menyokong hipotesis kajian dan mengukuhkan kesesuaian penggunaan Teori Tingkah Laku Terancang (Theory of Planned Behavior) dalam menjelaskan niat pembelajaran bahasa Cina dalam kalangan pelajar luar bandar. Implikasinya, pembentukan sikap positif perlu diberi keutamaan dalam reka bentuk kurikulum dan pengajaran agar dapat meningkatkan niat pelajar untuk belajar bahasa Cina. Dapatan ini dapat memandu pihak berkepentingan dalam merangka strategi pendidikan ke arah pemeliharaan dan kelestarian bahasa Cina dalam masyarakat berbilang bahasa di Malaysia. Abstract: This study aimed to identify the levels of attitude and intention towards learning the Chinese language and to analyse the relationship between these two variables among rural Chinese students in national secondary schools in Serian, Sarawak. In this context, “Chinese” refers to Mandarin (also known as Huayu), which is taught as a subject in schools. The study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method, with questionnaires as the primary instrument for data collection. A total of 174 students were selected through simple random sampling as respondents. The data obtained were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Findings revealed that rural students had a generally positive attitude towards learning Chinese, with the cognitive component recording the highest mean score, followed by affective and behavioural components. The slightly lower score in the behavioural component reflects challenges students face in consistently using the language in formal settings, such as in the classroom. The overall level of intention to learn the Chinese language was also high, particularly in terms of intrinsic motivation and behavioural intent. Correlation analysis indicated a significant and strong relationship between attitude and intention (r = .714, p < .01), with the affective component showing the strongest correlation. These findings support the study’s hypothesis and reinforce the relevance of the Theory of Planned Behavior in explaining language learning intentions among rural students. The findings imply that the development of positive attitudes should be prioritised in the curriculum and instructional design to enhance students’ intentions to learn the Chinese language. 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The Impact of Social Media Influencers on Political Participation in Malaysia
This study explores the impact of social media influencers on political participation in Malaysia, with a focus on their growing role in shaping digital political discourse. Based on qualitative analysis of secondary data from academic literature and credible online sources, the paper proposes a conceptual framework that explains how influencers promote political engagement through specific communication strategies and psychological processes. Influencer characteristics such as credibility, personal appeal, and the formation of parasocial relationships are found to foster emotional connections and enhance the effectiveness of political messaging. These factors contribute to increased civic participation both in digital spaces and real-world settings. The study also introduces the concept of micro-level interactions, referring to the everyday and informal exchanges between influencers and their followers, which serve as building blocks for broader shifts in political attitudes and behaviours. While the findings highlight the transformative potential of influencers in mobilising political awareness and action, they also raise concerns regarding misinformation, a lack of transparency, and the ethical implications of politically motivated content. The study offers a theoretical foundation for understanding how social media influencers affect political behaviour in Malaysia, and it provides insights that can inform future research and policy aimed at promoting accountability and safeguarding democratic values in the digital age. References Ahmad, M. N., & Hashim, S. S. (2020). Social media influencers and political engagement in Malaysia: A preliminary study. Journal of Southeast Asian Media Studies, 10(2), 123–145. Allam, S. N. S., Mustaffa, N., & Ali, M. N. S. (2024). The role of media in shaping structure of political knowledge among new young voters in Malaysia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(2), 140-149. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.13 Bucher, T., & Helmond, A. (2018). The affordances of social media platforms. In The SAGE Handbook of social media (pp. 233–253). Sage. Bennett, W. L., & Segerberg, A. (2013). The logic of connective action: Digital media and the personalization of contentious politics. Cambridge University Press. Boulianne, S. (2015). Social media use and participation: A meta-analysis of current research. Information, Communication & Society, 18(5), 524–538. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2015.1008542 Brown, D., & Hayes, N. (2021). Influencer marketing: A guide for practitioners. Routledge. Briones, R. L., Kuch, B. L., Liu, B. F., & Jin, Y. (2012). Social media and the role of influencers in political activism. Public Relations Review, 38(1), 4–10. 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Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). Sage Publications. Djafarova, E., & Trofimenko, O. (2019). Exploring the effectiveness of social media influencers in the fashion industry. Journal of Business Research, 100, 315–327. Entman, R. M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51–58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x Enli, G. (2017). Social media and political communication: Theoretical approaches and empirical findings. Journal of Information Technology & Politics, 14(2), 1–17. Freeman, L. A. (2017). Social media influencers and political engagement: The role of influencers in fostering political participation through social media platforms. Journal of Political Marketing, 16(2), 124–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2017.1289921 Freberg, K., Graham, K., McGaughey, K., & Freberg, L. A. (2011). Who are the social media influencers? 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Social media and political mobilization: The role of influencers in Malaysian politics. International Journal of Social Media and Political Communication, 8(3), 212–235. Lim, A., & Abdul, J. (2022). Gender and social media: Engaging Malaysian women in political discourse. Malaysian Journal of Media and Communication, 10(3), 102–119. Lim, S., & Tan, R. (2022). The influence of social media on local election outcomes: Evidence from Malaysia. Journal of Asian Electoral Studies, 19(2), 102–119. Lim, M. (2022). Digital disobedience and politics in Southeast Asia. In Digital Authoritarianism in Southeast Asia (pp. 123–144). ISEAS Publishing. Luttrell, R., & McGrath, K. (2021). The new rules of marketing and PR: How to use content marketing, podcasting, social media, AI, live video, and newsjacking to reach buyers directly. Wiley. Morozov, E. (2011). The Net Delusion: The Dark Side of Internet Freedom. Public Affairs. Nguyen, T., & Lim, S. (2023). Misinformation and social media: The role of influencers in Malaysian politics. Asian Communication Research, 19(2), 113–130. Nguyen, T., & Yeo, C. (2024). Social media influencers and the upper-middle class: Trends in Malaysia. International Journal of Digital Culture, 29(1), 56–72. Papageorgiou, A. (2018). Influencer marketing and political communication: A new model of political communication in the digital age. Journal of Political Marketing, 17(3), 255–275. Rahman, A.R. (2023). Influencers and elections: The impact of social media on political participation in Malaysia. Southeast Asian Journal of Political Science, 11(1), 22–39. Raj, K. (2020). Ethnic influencers and political engagement in multicultural Malaysia. Ethnic Studies Review, 43(2), 145–161. Smith, J. (2022). Digital media and political communication: The influence of social media in Southeast Asia. Media Studies Quarterly, 16(3), 75–92. Soo, W., & Ramasamy, P. (2023). 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A Comparative Study of Gerund Translation from English into Spanish, French and Malay
This research is descriptive in nature and focuses on translating gerunds, which are grammatical elements that function as nouns and can serve as subjects, objects, or objects of prepositions. This paper is a multilingual comparative study on gerund translation from English into Spanish, French, and Malay. The study aims to describe gerund function, compare translation procedures, and establish translation modelling on gerund. The method used in this research is the qualitative method, describing translation phenomena. In doing so, Vinay and Darbelnet’s (1995) translation model is used to support the research. The corpora used to carry out the research are existing translations of the novels I Am Malala and Things Fall Apart. All the source texts and target texts are wholly read, and 251 occurrences of gerunds in the source texts are identified, categorised, collected and analysed manually; Then, the translation procedures are analysed and compared. The research reveals that Malay lacks gerund structures, leading to unique transpositional strategies. English is found to use more gerund occurrences than Spanish and French due to preference. Few cases of literal translation procedure are used in Spanish and French when the gerund functions as the object of the preposition, ‘by’. Most of the English gerund occurrences are transposed into non-finite infinitive verbs or finite verbs, which indicates that the oblique translation procedure prevails over direct translation as far as gerund is concerned. The findings are applicable to both human translation and machine translation. References Achebe, C. (2001). Things fall apart. Penguin Books. Achebe, C. (2010a). Terlerai dan berkecai (N. H. Mohamad. Trans.). Institut Terjemahan Negara Malaysia. (Original work published 1958). Achebe, C. (2010b). Todo se desmorona (J. M. À. Flórez. Trans.). Penguin. (Original work published 1958). Achebe, C. (2013). Tout s’effondre (P. Girard. Trans.). Acte Sud. (Original work published 1958). Alharahsheh, A. M. A., Moindjie, M.A. & Debbita T. A. L. (2023). Cultural references translation norms in the Queue from Arabic to English. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 20(3), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2003.13 Al-hubaishi, A. A. A. (2023). Vinay and Darbelnet’s translating procedures used in translating culture-specific words: A case study of George Orwell’s Animal Farm. Electronic Journal of University of Aden for Humanity and Social Sciences, 4(1), 80-89. https://doi.org/10.47372/ejua-hs.2023.1.235 Alsuhaibani, Z. (2022). Corpus-based instruction of gerunds and infinitives: the case of EFL learners. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature® The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 28(4), 82- 94. http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2022-2804-06 Bordens, K. S. & Abbott, B. B. (2011). Research design and methods: A process approach (8th ed.). McCraw Hill. Butt, J. Benjamin, C. & Rodríguez, A. M. (2019). A new reference grammar of modern Spanish. Routledge. Carter, R. and McCarthy, M. (2006). Cambridge grammar of English: a comprehensive guide spoken and written English grammar and usage. Cambridge University Press. Chierchia, G, (1984). Topics in the syntax and semantics of infinitives and gerunds [Doctoral dissertation, University of Massachusetts]. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. https://scholar.harvard.edu/files/chierchia/files/1984_dissertation.pdf Czeglédi, C. (2007). Issues in the syntax and semantics of infinitives and gerunds in English. Liceum Kiadó Eger. Drotar, D. (2008). Thoughts on establishing research significance and preserving scientific integrity. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsm092 Duffley, P., & Fisher, R. (2021). To‐infinitive and gerund‐participle clauses with the verbs dread and fear. Studia Linguistica, 75(1), 72-96. https://doi/epdf/10.1111/stul.12150 Eckersley, C. E. and Eckerseley, J. M. (1960). A comprehensive English grammar for foreign students. Longman. Hawkins, R., Towell, R., and Lamy, M. (2001). French grammar and usage. Arnold. Herring, P. (2016). Complete English grammar rules. Farlex International. Jakobson, R. (2021). On linguistic aspects of translation. In L. Venuti (ed.), The translation studies reader (4th ed., pp. 156-162). Routledge. Jama, I. (2022). Common errors of using gerundial and infinitival forms in EFL learners’ writing. International Education Studies, 15(6), 127- 135. http://doi:10.5539/ies.v15n6p127 Jubb, M. and Rouxeville, A. (2014). French grammar in context. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Jones, M. (2014). The beginning translator’s workbook or the abc of French to English translation. UniversityPress of America, Inc. Karimah, F. (2020). A translation analysis of gerund in Harry Potter and the sorcerer’s stone and its Indonesian translation. (B.A. graduation project, Muhammadiya University of Surakarta).http://eprints.ums.ac.id/id/eprint/84136 Knafl, K. A., & Howard, M. J. (1984). Interpreting and reporting qualitative research. Research in Nursing and Health, 7(1), 17–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.4770070105 Kumar, R. (2011). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide for beginners. Sage. Lather, P. (1986). Issues of validity in openly ideological research: Between a rock and a soft place. Interchange, 6(2), 63-84. Mazet, V. (2017). Advanced French grammar. Mc Graw Hill. McGregor, S. L. T. (2018). Understanding and evaluating research: A critical guide. Sage. Mellinger, C. D. & Hanson, T. A. (2022). Research data. In F. Zanettin & C. Rundle (Eds.). The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Methodology (pp. 307- 323). Routledge. Moindjie, M.A., Rahamatullah, U. S., & Gan, P. H. (2025). Insights into multilingualism in translation: Perspectives of English, Malay, Chinese, Arabic and French. 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Hermans (Ed.), The manipulation of literature: studies in literary translation (pp. 16- 41). Routledge Revivals. Vinay, J., & Darbelnet, J. (1995). Comparative stylistics of French and English: A methodology for translation (J.C. Sager, & M.J. Hamel, Trans.). John Benjamins Publishing Company. (Original work published 1958). Wood, L. A. & Kroger, R. F. (2000). Doing discourse analysis: Methods for studying action in talk and text. Sage publications. Yousafzai, M. & Lamb C. (2016). Saya Malala (Z. Abidin. Trans.). Z Publications Sdn, Bhd. (Original work published 2013a). Yousafzai, M. & Lamb C. (2013a). I am Malala. Little, Brown and Company. Yousafzai, M. & Lamb C. (2013b). Moi Malala (P. Loubet. Trans.). Salarzai Limited. (Original work published 2013a). Yousafzai, M. & Lamb C. (2013c). Yo soy Malala (J. Fernández.Trans.). Alianza Editorial. (Original work published 2013a).
The Rohingya Refugees and their Acculturation Process in Bangladesh
Acculturation refers to the cultural and psychological changes individuals undergo while interacting with the local community, individually or in a group. The acculturation process may be particularly complex for refugees and asylum seekers, as they leave their home country in search for a better and more secure life while also carrying the unpleasant experiences from their past They experience multiverse differences coming in contact with the host culture in many forms, including religion, food habits, language, and other celebrated cultures in the host community. Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh have also experienced these differences. The study aims to understand the acculturation experience and process of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. This paper addresses John Berry’s model of acculturation to understand how Rohingya refugees adapt to the host community. This study was conducted using semi-structured interviews with 40 Rohingya refugees. The research findings highlight six key stages of acculturation that these Rohingya refugees go through while adapting to the host culture. The identified stages are i) hope, ii) fear of acceptance and uncertainty, iii) trust issues, iv) cultural differences, v) shared value, and vi) interest in the host culture. Despite the cultural and language differences, immediate access to basic needs, food and shelter, safety, and security provided by the Bangladeshi government and the humanitarian workers, including the selfless community support from the host community, facilitated the acculturation process for the Rohingya. This study suggests that sustainable social cohesion can accelerate the acculturation process of the Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh. References Amnesty International. (2016, November 28). Refugees, Asylum Seekers and Migrants. https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/refugees-asylum-seekers-and-migrants/?utm_source=chatgpt.com Anderson, V. J. (2017). Understanding Intercultural Transitions and Migrant-Host-Relationships: How Empathy, Social Support, and Intercultural Competency Facilitates Positive Intercultural Interactions Between German Citizens and Refugees. [Ph.D. Dissertation. Arizona State University, United States]. https://core.ac.uk/download/97834043.pdf Andrushko, Y. & Lupei, M. (2025). Acculturation Processes and the Experience of Traumatization in the Case of Forced Ukrainian Migrants. Wiley, 60(2), 1-10. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ijop.70036 Arslan, D. N. & Daghan, S. (2022). A qualitative research on the acculturation strategies, risk factors and health perceptions of Syrian asylum seekers. DargiPark Akademik, 2(2), 55-72. https://dergipark.org.tr/en/pub/hsq/issue/73184/1195050 Associated Press. (2024, April 9). Rohingya who moved to island in Bangladesh are learning job skills, says Japanese charity chief. https://apnews.com/article/bangladesh-myanmar-japan-rohingya-hasina-island-nippon-foundation-7809259313dc94bf6b160cb182a1dadf Bayram, B. Eryılmaz, R. (2025). The Relationship Between Acculturation and Second Language Learning in the Context of Sustainable Multiculturalism: A Case Study of Russian Immigrants and Syrian Refugees in Türkiye. Social Ecology and Sustainability, 17(1), 1-18. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/1/249 Benton, M., & Selee, A. (2022, May n.d.). The Ukrainian conflict could be a tipping point for refugee protection. Migration Policy Institute. https://www.migrationpolicy.org/news/ukrainian-displacement-refugee-protection Berry, J. W. (1990). Psychology of acculturation: Understanding individuals moving between cultures. In R. W. Brislin (Ed.), Applied cross-cultural psychology (pp. 232–253). Sage Publications. Berry, J. W. (1994). 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(2019). Adaptation or acculturation: That is the question. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, 331, 272–277. https://www.atlantis-press.com/proceedings/ismge-19/125912481 Hennink, M. M., & Kaiser, B. N. (2022). Sample sizes for saturation in qualitative research: A systematic review of empirical tests. Social Science & Medicine, 292, 114523. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114523 Islam, N. (2020). Rohingya: A people under endless tyranny. Asian Affairs: An American Review, 48(1), 14–40. https://doi.org/10.1080/00927678.2020.1793631 Jiang, M., Ahmad, A. L. & Aziz, J. (2024). New Media and Cross-cultural Adaptation: A Bibliometric Analysis Using Vosviewer. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21 (1), 273-285. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/69029 Kang, E., & Hwang, H. (2021). Ethical conducts in qualitative research methodology: Participants observation and interview process. 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Refugees and host state security: An empirical investigation of Rohingya refuge in Bangladesh. SSRN. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3949021 Mistry, R. S., Elenbaas, L., & Killen, M. (2021). Advancing developmental intergroup perspectives on social class. Child Development Perspectives, 15(4), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12431 Murtaza, S. H. & Kiran, N. (2024 n.d.). Acculturation Stress and Identity Crisis Among Afghan Refugees in Pakistan. Voices Against Torture. https://www.vastbc.ca/articles/acculturation-stress-and-identity-crisis-among-afghan-refugees-in-pakistan Opono, S., & Ahimbisibwe, F. (2024). Protracted refugee situations and the shrinking durable solutions: could there be a ray of hope in local solutions? Cogent Social Sciences, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2024.2395346 Papri, J. (2025, June 25). ‘I try to keep myself busy’: Working online in the world’s largest refugee camp. Frontier. https://www.frontiermyanmar.net/en/i-try-to-keep-myself-busy-working-online-in-the-worlds-largest-refugee-camp/?fbclid=IwY2xjawLNMHdleHRuA2FlbQIxMQBicmlkETFtQzVOdTQwNUQwc3UwT1YzAR7JkIZFp6iluojsAHUM2R23eENBLvLwKKZ3NVzXHRIXOg1Rk0ZVuULCe3KgpQ_aem_1QYz83VMAup6mkSsn-jR3Q Paolillo, R., & Jager, W. (2020). Simulating acculturation dynamics between migrants and locals in relation to network formation. Social Science Computer Review, 38(4), 365–386. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318821678 Redfield, R., Linton, R., & Herskovits, M. J. (1936). Memorandum for the study of acculturation. American Anthropologist, 38(1), 149–152. https://doi.org/10.1525/aa.1936.38.1.02a00330 Reyes, H., Hossain, M., & Ali, S. (2017). The vulnerability of Rohingya refugees in Bangladesh: Statelessness and health challenges. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 14(8), 942. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14080942 Sam, D. L., & Berry, J. W. (2010). 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ESL Online Teaching: A Survey on Boarding School Teachers’ Efficacy and its Sources
Teachers’ efficacy is important in defining pupils’ performance, as it determines teachers’ efforts to conduct their lessons. Even though online teaching is not new in this 21st century, little research has been done to investigate teachers’ efficacy to teach online, as ICT integration was a choice before, leaving researchers to study teachers’ perceptions and predict their likeliness to use ICT in teaching. However, the need to assess teachers’ online teaching efficacy became pertinent during pandemic as it was the only teaching mode available due to national lockdown. Since efficacy is domain and context specific, this study aimed to assess the level of efficacy and the sources of efficacy among the under-researched population, the boarding school ESL teachers, as a lot of research has focused on STEM subjects and daily school teachers. 252 boarding school ESL teachers were simply randomly selected to answer the e-questionnaire distributed through their schools nationwide. It was found that they had high efficacy in teaching online and rated vicarious experience, enactive mastery experience, and verbal or social persuasion as the main factors that influenced their efficacy. On top of that, vicarious experience was statistically proven to have a 50.1% contribution to the sample’s efficacy. This finding provides valuable insights for us, particularly the authorities, on how to better support our teachers in the future while we prepare our pupils with 21st-century skills. References Abdul Rashid, K. K., Che Haron, S., & Che Haron, S. (2021). Challenges on Malaysian teachers’s self-efficacy in online teaching during COVID-19. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(9), 649–658. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v11- i9/10806 Abdul Rauf, A., Swanto, S., & Salam, S. N. (2021). Exploratory factor analysis of TPACK in the context of ESL secondary school teachers in Sabah. 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Bostancıoğlu, A., & Handley, Z. (2018). Developing and validating a questionnaire for evaluating the EFL ‘Total PACKage’: Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) for English as a Foreign Language (EFL). Computer Assisted Language Learning, 31(5–6), 572–598. https://doi.org/10.1080/09588221.2017.1422524 Brianza, E., Tondeur, J., & Petko, D. (2022). Investigating contextual knowledge within TPACK: How has it been done empirically so far? In D. Schmidt-Crawford & K.S. Thompson (Eds.), Proceedings of the Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference (SITE 2022) (pp.2204–2212). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/220224/ Corry, M., & Stella, J. (2018). Teacher self-efficacy in online education: A review of the literature. Research in Learning Technology, 26(1063519), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v26.2047 Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). 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Tahap Literasi Politik Masyarakat Sabah Mengenai Hubungan Negeri-Persekutuan Berdasarkan Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63) dalam Kerangka Federalisme (The Level of Political Literacy Among Sabahan People on State-Federal Realtions Based on The Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63) Within the Framework of Federalism)
Perdebatan tentang federalisme dalam bidang ilmu politik mula mendapat perhatian selepas Perang Dunia Kedua pada 1945 apabila negara-negara merdeka mula mencari bentuk sistem pemerintahan yang sesuai untuk diaplikasikan. Malaysia merupakan antara negara yang memilih sistem federalisme dengan sejarah pembentukan persekutuannya yang unik menerusi penyatuan wilayah-wilayah yang berbeza dari segi pentadbiran dan budaya iaitu Semenanjung Tanah Melayu, Sabah dan Sarawak. Ketiga-tiga wilayah ini telah memeterai Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (MA63) sebagai asas kepada proses dekolonisasi yang membawa kepada pembentukan Malaysia. Namun demikian, masih terdapat kekeliruan dalam kalangan masyarakat mengenai literasi federalisme dan MA63. Kekeliruan ini seringkali berlaku dalam konteks pertembungan wacana politik serta pengaruh teknologi maklumat khususnya media sosial yang sering menjadi sumber maklumat utama masyarakat. Walau bagaimanapun, kesahihan dan ketelusan maklumat yang disebarkan melalui media sosial tidak dapat dipastikan sepenuhnya sekali gus memberi kesan kepada tahap literasi masyarakat. Tujuan utama kajian ini dijalankan adalah untuk membincangkan tahap literasi masyarakat Sabah terhadap Perjanjian Malaysia dan konsep Federalisme dalam konteks hubungan antara Negeri Sabah dan Kerajaan Persekutuan. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif iaitu seramai 503 responden diperoleh dan dianalisis menggunakan kaedah statistik deskriptif bagi menentukan tahap pengetahuan dan pemahaman responden terhadap MA63 dan konsep federalisme. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa tahap literasi politik masyarakat Sabah berada pada tahap sederhana mengenai kefahaman terhadap prinsip pembahagian kuasa, hak-hak negeri serta Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 dalam kerangka hubungan antara negeri dan persekutuan. Abstract: The debate on federalism in political science began to gain attention after World War II in 1945 as newly independent countries sought suitable systems of governance to implement. Malaysia is one of the countries that adopted a federal system, characterised by a uniquely formed federation created through the unification of territories with distinct administrative and cultural backgrounds specifically Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak. These three regions signed the Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63) as the foundation for the decolonisation process that led to the formation of Malaysia. However, confusion remains among the public regarding the literacy of federalism and MA63. This confusion often arises from conflicting political discourses and the influence of information technology particularly social media which has become the main source of information for many. Nonetheless, the accuracy and transparency of information disseminated through social media cannot be fully verified, thus affecting the level of public literacy. The primary objective of this study is to examine the level of literacy among the people of Sabah concerning the MA63 and the concept of federalism within the context of Sabah–Federal Government relations. This study employed a quantitative approach involving 503 respondents and utilized descriptive statistical methods to determine the respondents' knowledge and understanding of MA63 and federalism. The findings indicate that the political literacy of the people in Sabah is at a moderate level, particularly in terms of understanding the principles of power distribution, state rights and the Malaysia Agreement 1963 within the federal-state relationship framework. References Adil, B. (2023). Sejarah Sabah. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Adler, R. B., & Proctor, R. F. (2023). The Process of Interpersonal Communication. Fort Worth. 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What Americans Know About Politics and Why It Matters.Yale University Press. Faruqi, S. S. (2008). Document of Destiny-The Constitution of Federalisme of Malaysia. Star Publication. Funston, N. J. (1980). Malay Politics in Malaysia: A Study of the United Malaya National/Organisation and Party Islam. Heinemann Education Books. Ghazali, R. (2022). Sistem Perundangan Malaysia. Universiti Malaysia Terengganu. Gnaniah, J., Songan, P., Yeo, A., Zen, H., & Hamid, K. A. (2006). Communication Patterns if the Long Bedian Community: Implications for the Development of a Telecentre. Damai Sciences. Gramsci, A. (1971). Selections from the Prison Notebooks. International Publishers. Hall, S. (1997). Representation: Cultural Representation and Signifying Practices. Sage Publications. Open University Press. Hanifa, N. A. (2024, 19 Julai). Peranan Penting Yang di-Pertuan Agong Dalam Sistem Negara. Berita Harian Online. https://www.bharian.com.my/rencana/komentar/2024/07/1273830/peranan-penting-yang-di-pertuan-agong-dalam-sistemnegara Hanipah, H. (2010). Pemimpin dan Kepimpinan Dalam Sistem Demokrasi di Malaysia. Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka. Harding, S. (1991). Whose Science? Whose Knowledge? Thinking From Women’s Lives. Cornell University Press. Hutchinson, F. E. (2014). Malaysia’s Federal System: Overt and Covert Centralisation. Journal of Contemporary Asia, 44(3), 422-442. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472336.2013.878374 Ismail, S. T., & Awang Besar, J. (2024). Literasi Politik Pengundi di Parlimen Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21 (4), 486-499. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.38 Jaros, D. (1973) Socialization to Politics. Praeger. Jawing, J. (2019, 16 September). 16 September detik Bersejarah yang Melahirkan Malaysia. Utusan Borneo Online. https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2019/09/16/16-september-detik-bersejarah-yang-melahirkan malaysia Jomo, K. S., & Hui, W. C. (2002). The Political Economy of Malaysian Federalism: Economic Development, Public Policy and Conflict Containment, WIDER Discussion Paper, No. 2002/113. The United Nations University World Institute for Development Economics Research (UNU-WIDER), Helsinki. Low, C. C. (2013). Isu Dwikerakyatan dalam Pembentukan Kewarganegaraan Malaysia 1900 1965. Universiti Sains Malaysia. Manaf, A. A., & Kasimon, M. S. A. (2021). Pemberimilikan Tanah: Sebab Pendorong Kepada Pertikaian Dalam Pembangunan Tanah. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 17 (3), 153-166. Mohd Basori, N. E., & Awang Besar, J. (2020). Pengaruh Media Terhadap Sokongan Kepada Parti Politik di Malaysia. e-Bangi Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(5), 62-80. Mohd Nasier, J., Othman, Z., Joko, E. P., & Mohd Rudzainoor, H. I. (2018). Media dan Literasi Politik di Sabah Menjelang PRU-14: Kajian Kes Parlimen Tawau. Jurnal Kinabalu Edisi Khas, 199-221. https://doi.org/10.51200/ejk.vi.1649 Mohd Sabri, M. A. A. (2024). Pengaruh Agen Sosialisasi Politik Terhadap Mahasiswa dan Politik Kampus di Malaysia. Universiti Sains Malaysia. Pejabat Perdana Menteri. (2018). Kupasan Sejarah Perjanjian Malaysia 1963 (Artikel Khas Sempena Sambutan Hari Malaysia 55 Tahun). https://www.pmo.gov.my/dokumenattached/Artikel/MA63.pdf Rahman, M. M., Tabash, M. I., Salamzadeh, A., Abduli, S., & Rahaman, M. S. (2022). Sampling Techniques (Probability) For Quantitative Social Science Researchers: A Conceptual Guidelines with Examples. SEEU Review, 17(1). Razali, N. A., Razali. A., Abdullah M. S., Nor. N. M., Aseri. N. (2024). Tahap Sosialisasi Politik Mahasiswa Melayu di Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) Pasca Pelaksanaan Undi 18. Human Sustainable Procedia, 4(2), 69-76. https://doi.org/10.30880/hsp.2024.04.02.009 Rogers, S. (2023). What Americans know about Statehouse Democracy. State Politics and Policy Quarterly, 23(4), 420–442. https://doi.org/10.1017/spq.2023.19 Saifuddin, S., & Anuar, Z. (2023). Sejarah dan Perkembangan Mahkamah Syariah di Malaysia Serta Usaha Jabatan Kehakiman Syariah Malaysia (JKSM) Dalam Memartabatkan Mahkamah Syariah Selaras Dengan Mahkamah Sivil. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/368780693_Sejarah_dan_Perkembangan_Mahkamah_Syar iah_di_Malaysia_dan_Usaha_Memartabatkannya. Salman, A., Yusoff, M. A., Salleh, M. A. M., & Abdullah, M. Y. H. (2018). Penggunaan Media Sosial untuk Sokongan Politik di Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS). 3(1), 51-63. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol3iss1pp51-63 Simandjuntak, B. (1969). Malayan Federalism 1945-1963. Oxford. Shafruddin, B. H. (1987). The Federal Factor in the Government and Politics of Peninsular Malaysia. East Asian Historical Monographs. Oxford University Press, 401. Sualman, I. (2019, 17 November). Pendidikan Politik Mesti Diwujudkan. Sinar Harian Online. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/57609/pendidikan-politik-mesti-diwujudkan Zawawi, H. Y. (2018). Politik Federalisme: Kajian Kes Royalti Minyak Kelantan. [Tesis Ijazah Doktor Falsafah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia].
Impact of Digital Games on Preschool Learning: An Exploratory Study
Preschool education plays a significant role in shaping the cognitive, social and emotional development of early childhood learners. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a shift from traditional classrooms to online learning, which has accelerated the integration of game-based learning (GBL) in preschool settings. This exploratory case study examines the impact of digital games on the learning experiences of preschool children in a Malaysian preschool setting. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were collected through semi-structured interviews, direct observations and document analysis with two children, one teacher and one parent. The results suggest that digital games improve children’s digital literacy, motivation and problem-solving skills, especially in numeracy. Children showed increased engagement, concentration and emotional enjoyment during the game-based learning sessions. However, the study also identified several challenges, such as limited access to technology, technical difficulties, and the need for adult supervision. This study offers insights for educators, parents, and policymakers regarding the integration of digital tools in early childhood education. The limitations of this study include the small sample size, limitation to one preschool, and short follow-up period, which may affect the generalizability of the findings. Future studies should consider longitudinal studies with larger and more diverse samples. Despite its limitations, this study highlights the potential of digital games to support and enrich early childhood education in Malaysia, especially during periods of remote learning. References Abdulina, M. (2024). Enhancing the integration of information and communication technologies in preschool education: Pedagogical training for future teachers. E-Learning and Digital Media, 17(6), 342–359. Ahmad, N. H., & Zulkifli, M. N. A. (2022). Game-based learning and engagement among Malaysian preschoolers: A qualitative inquiry. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(1), 85–93. Asrifan, A., Hamid, R. J., & Syawal, S. (2024). Tech-enhanced early learning: Harnessing the power of persuasive educational technologies. In Persuasive educational technologies (pp. 67–85). IGI Global. Blazenka, B., & Damir, D. (2011). Digital learning tools for preschool education. Computers & Education, 85, 112–124. Castillo, A., & Cruz, M. (2022). Innovations in early childhood digital learning: Integrating game-based strategies for cognitive skill development. Computers & Education, 174, 104255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104255 Chen, C.-M., Liu, H.-P., & Huang, Y.-N. (2012). Effect of goal-oriented and game-based math learning on math achievement and cognitive load. Educational Technology & Society, 15(3), 127–137. Chen, J., Lee, Y., & Wang, M. (2024). Game-based learning and its impact on early numeracy skills: A mixed-methods study. Early Education & Development, 35(2), 128–145. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2023.2034562 Daubert, E. N., Ramani, G. B., & Rubin, K. H. (2018). The development of cognitive and social skills through play: A review of the literature. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 45, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.02.012 Farhana, L., & Hayati, M. (2014). Game-based learning and its impact on early childhood development. Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 7, 34–41. Flick, U. (2004). Triangulation in qualitative research. Sage Publications. Gee, J. P. (2003). What video games have to teach us about learning and literacy. Palgrave Macmillan. Ginsburg, R. (2007). Play and cognitive development in early childhood. Child Development Research, 9, 45–60. Gronn, D., Romeo, S., McNamara, A., & Edwards, L. (2021). Enhancing early childhood education with digital tools: Supporting young learners' digital literacy. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 19(1), 50–64. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X20985802 Güler, D., Kaya, M., & Demir, A. (2023). Game-based digital interventions in preschool education: Assessing child outcomes. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 31(4), 450–467. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2023.2206578 Hooshyar, T., Yousefi, M., & Lim, H. (2020). Data-driven approaches to game player modeling: A systematic literature review. ACM Computing Surveys, 53(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1145/3363576 Inoue, M., Takahashi, R., & Yamada, K. (2024). Integrating digital tools in early childhood math education: Teacher perspectives and challenges. Education and Information Technologies, 29, 1001–1020. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-024-12345-6 Johnson, J. E., Christie, J. F., & Wardle, F. (2010). Play, development, and early education. Pearson. Kurent, B., & Avsec, S. (2024). Synergizing systems thinking and technology-enhanced learning using the flow theory framework. Preprints. https://www.preprints.org/manuscript/202409.0174 Lin, C.-H., Chien, S.-C., & Hsu, C.-C. (2019). Effects of digital game-based learning on achievement, flow and overall cognitive load. Computers & Education, 137, 99–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2019.04.016 Liu, S., & Li, H. (2020). Exploring the role of digital game-based learning in early childhood education: Impacts on cognitive development and engagement. Educational Technology & Society, 23(4), 110–124. https://doi.org/10.1111/edtec.2020.014 Nor, H. M., & Syafiqah, R. M. (2023). Digital literacy and learning games: A study on teacher readiness in early childhood education. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(2), 45–53. O’Neill, S. (2020). A systematic review of the literature on the impacts of game-based learning in preschool education. Educational Research Review, 31, 100368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2020.100368 Palmer, C., & Bolderston, A. (2006). A concise guide to ethical research in education. Routledge. Park, H., & Kim, S. (2023). Preschoolers and screen-based learning: A study on attention span and engagement. Asian Journal of Child Development, 18(1), 33–47. Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. International Universities Press. Prensky, M. (2001). Digital game-based learning. McGraw-Hill. Radha, R., Mahalakshmi, K., Sathish, V., & Saravanakumar, R. (2020). E-learning during lockdown of COVID-19 pandemic: A global perspective. International Journal of Control and Automation, 13(4), 1088–1099. Rahim, R., & Karim, N. (2021). Game-based learning during the pandemic: Early childhood teachers' perspectives on challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Educational Technology, 15(3), 200–215. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijet.150320 Rubtsova, Y., Vasileva, L., & Smirnova, N. (2024). Digital environments and preschoolers’ cognitive growth: A cultural-historical approach. Journal of Digital Childhood Research, 12(2), 45–58. Salomatova, E., Petrova, L., & Volkova, T. (2024). The role of educational games in fostering early mathematical thinking. International Journal of Early Childhood Education, 30(1), 22–36. Sharifah, S., & Aliza, A. (2012). Children’s cognitive development through play. Educational Research Review, 12(3), 201–213. Umaira, A., Zahir, M., & Adam, K. (2020). Online learning during COVID-19: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Educational Technology, 16, 50–62. Zhao, H., & Qiu, X. (2021). Digital game use in preschool education: Evaluating its effectiveness in enhancing children's literacy and numeracy skills. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 19(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/earlyres.219213 Zupan, B., Glas, M., & Šubic-Kovač, S. (2018). Enhancing preschoolers' early mathematics skills with digital learning games. 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Pengukuhan Ekonomi Masyarakat Melalui Sistem Perbankan dan Kewangan Islam dalam Mengatasi Kemiskinan Secara Multidimensi (Strengthening Community Economic Empowerment Through the Islamic Banking and Financial System in Addressing Multidimensional Poverty)
Sistem perbankan dan kewangan yang berlandaskan prinsip syariah berorientasikan kepada keadilan sosial dan ekonomi bertujuan untuk menciptakan keseimbangan antara keperluan material dan spiritual dengan menekankan aspek-aspek pembiayaan tanpa riba. Walau bagaimananpun, tahap literasi kewangan yang rendah dalam kalangan masyarakat mengakibatkan kurangnya penyertaan dalam sistem ini yang seterusnya mempengaruhi kemampuan mereka untuk memenuhi keperluan hidup termasuk akses kepada pendidikan, kesihatan dan taraf hidup yang berkualiti dengan ditambah keperluan hidup semasa yang semakin berkembang. Oleh yang demikian, artikel ini menganalisis peranan perbankan dan kewangan Islam dalam mengatasi kemiskinan secara multidimensi di Malaysia. Kajian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan mengaplikasikan kaedah analisis kandungan melalui data-data primer dan sekunder yang diperolehi dari kajian perpustakaan dan literatur. Hasil dapatan kajian menunjukkan perbankan Islam memainkan peranan yang besar sebagai instrumen penting dalam mengatasi kemiskinan terutamanya melalui pendekatan yang patuh Syariah serta menyumbang kepada pengurangan kemiskinan secara multidimensi melalui aktiviti simpanan dan pelaburan. Selain itu, aktiviti simpanan yang dilakukan telah membina aset kewangan dan kestabilan ekonomi golongan miskin yang berupaya mengeluarkan mereka daripada insiden kemiskinan disamping membuka laluan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup bagi memenuhi keperluan selain kewangan. Kajian ini dilihat signifikan dalam menyediakan panduan kepada pembuat dasar dalam memperkukuh strategi pengukuhan ekonomi masyarakat melalui pengukuran kemiskinan secara multidimensi di Malaysia sekaligus menyokong Matlamat Pembangunan Lestari (SDG1) dalam usaha mencapai keadilan sosial dan kelestarian ekonomi yang inklusif. Kajian ini juga dapat menyumbang kepada penambahbaikan dasar awam berkaitan pembasmian kemiskinan serta mengukuhkan fungsi sektor perbankan Islam sebagai pemangkin pembangunan sosioekonomi negara. Abstract: The Shariah principles in banking and the financial system are oriented towards social and economic justice, aiming to create a balance between material and spiritual needs by emphasizing non-interest-based financing. However, the low level of financial literacy among the public has resulted in limited participation in this system, which in turn affects their ability to meet essential needs, including access to education, healthcare, and a quality of living standards especially as the cost of living continues to rise. Therefore, this article analyzes the role of Islamic banking and finance in addressing multidimensional poverty in Malaysia. This study employs a qualitative approach through content analysis methods using primary and secondary data from library research and literature review. The findings indicate that Islamic banking plays a significant role as a key instrument in alleviating poverty, particularly through Shariah-compliant approaches, and contributes to the reduction of multidimensional poverty through savings and investment activities. Moreover, savings activities have helped build financial assets and economic stability for the poor, enabling them to escape poverty while also paving the way to improve overall well-being, including non-monetary needs. This study has a significant impact in guiding policymakers in strengthening economic empowerment strategies through multidimensional poverty measurement in Malaysia. It also supports Sustainable Development Goal 1 (SDG1) in the pursuit of social justice and inclusive economic sustainability. Furthermore, this study contributes to the improvement of public policies related to poverty eradication and strengthens the role of the Islamic banking sector as a catalyst for the country’s socioeconomic development. References AbdulKareem, I. A., Mahmud, M. S., Elaigwu, M., & Abdul Ganiyy, A. F. (2021). Mitigating the effect of COVID-19 on the society through Islamic social finance. The Journal of Management Theory and Practice, 2(1), 57–61. https://doi.org/10.37231/jmtp.2021.2.1.83 Abubakar Muhammad, A., Abubakar Shariff, I., & Umar, A. (2023). The impact of Islamic models of zakat and waqf in reducing poverty among vulnerables during the pandemic era in Bauchi State, Nigeria. AZKA International Journal of Zakat & Social Finance, 4(1), 69–90. https://doi.org/10.51377/azjaf.vol4no1.143 Aderemi, A. M. R., & Ishak, M. S. I. (2023). 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Tax Evasion and Avoidance in the Context of Developing Economies
Despite the availability of taxable resources, Oyo State continues to depend heavily on allocations from the Federal Government, with over 70% of its revenue derived from the federation account. This study investigates the persistent issues of tax evasion and avoidance, which significantly undermine internally generated revenue and impede economic development within the state. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the underlying causes of tax evasion and avoidance and assess their impact on the fiscal health of Oyo State. A quantitative research method was employed, using structured questionnaires distributed to a representative sample of taxpayers and stakeholders across the state. The data collected were analyzed to identify the major factors contributing to tax evasion and avoidance. The results reveal that the incidence of tax evasion and avoidance is alarmingly high. The contributing factors identified include poverty, lack of public enlightenment, and insufficient awareness of tax obligations. Additionally, respondents cited distrust in the government's ability to utilize tax revenues effectively and the perceived absence of tangible benefits from paying taxes as justifications for non-compliance. The originality of this study lies in its empirical focus on Oyo State, offering practical insights and context-specific recommendations. It emphasizes that with targeted public awareness campaigns, improved transparency in tax utilization, and strict enforcement of tax laws, the state can significantly boost its internal revenue and reduce reliance on federal allocations. References Acquah, A. (2024). E-taxing maturity in developing economies: evidence from corporate tax payers in Ghana. Digital Policy, Regulation and Governance, 27(4), 466-485. https://doi.org/10.1108/DPRG-06-2024-0131. Adebisi, J. F., & Gbegi, D. O. (2013). Effect of tax avoidance and tax evasion on personal income tax administration in Nigeria. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences, 1(3), 125-134. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.11634/232907811301328. Adeniran, A., Balogun, K., & Ihezie, E. (2023). Towards digital governance in Africa. In van der Waldt, G (ed.). Handbook of Public Management in Africa, 355-373. Edward Elgar Publishing. Alm, J. (2021). Tax evasion, technology, and inequality. Economics of Governance, 22(4), 321-343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-021-00247-w. Aunul, S., Fauzy, A., & Aisyah, S. (2024). Data Journalism Practice in Indonesia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(3), 645-654. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10101-021-00247-w. Balashov, A., & Sanina, A. (2023). Tax evasion. In Farazmand, A. (ed.). Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 12614-12620. Cham: Springer International Publishing. Challoumis, C., & Constantinou, A. (2024). Combating Tax Avoidance: EU and GreeK Measures for fair Corporate Taxation. Baltic Journal of Legal and Social Sciences, 3, 13-21. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2592-8813-2024-3-2. Chan, H. F., Dulleck, U., Fooken, J., Moy, N., & Torgler, B. (2023). Cash and the hidden economy: Experimental evidence on fighting tax evasion in small business transactions. Journal of Business Ethics, 185(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-022-05186-y. Chisika, S. N., & Yeom, C. (2024). Enhancing E-government in Machakos and Nakuru Counties: Strategies for Sustainable Development in Kenya's Devolved Units. Asia-pacific Journal of Convergent Research Interchange, 10(8), 251-270. http://dx.doi.org/10.47116/apjcri.2024.08.19. Chukwugeku, I., & Mmamefune, O. (2022). The Effects of Personal Income Tax Evasion on Socio-Economic Development of Nigeria. Asian Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting, 22(24), 124-132. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2022/v22i24900. Crawford, C., Crawford, C. L., & Vallach, G. C. (2022). The Confusing World of Cryptocurrency and Tax Compliance Issues. Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies, 14(1), 1-5. https://doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v14i1(J).3292. Dabor, A. O., Kifordu, A. A., & Abubakar, J. A. (2021). Tax Compliance Behavior and Religiosity: The role of Morality. PalArch's Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology, 18(1), 3911-3935. Retrieved from https://archives.palarch.nl/index.php/jae/article/view/6176 (Accessed June 29, 2024). Dragojlović, J., & Đuričić, N. (2023). Tax evasion as an illegal form of tax avoidance. Ekonomija-teorija i praksa, 16(1), 195-216. Retrieved from https://casopis.fimek.edu.rs/index.php/etp/article/view/206. Ermasova, N., Haumann, C., & Burke, L. (2021). The relationship between culture and tax evasion across countries: Cases of the USA and Germany. International Journal of Public Administration, 44(2), 115-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2019.1672181. Fagbemi, T. O., Uadiale, O. M., & Noah, A. O. (2010). The ethics of tax evasion: Perceptual evidence from Nigeria. European Journal of Social Sciences, 17(3), 360-371. Retrieved from https://bura.brunel.ac.uk/bitstream/2438/17963/1/FullText.pdf (Accessed July 3, 2024). Fjeldstad, O. H. (2014). Tax and development: Donor support to strengthen tax systems in developing countries. Public Administration and Development, 34(3), 182-193. https://doi.org/10.1002/pad.1676. Ibadin, P. O., & Kemebradikemor, E. (2020). Tax fraud in Nigeria: A review of causal factors. Journal of Taxation and Economic Development, 19(1), 64-80. https://journal.citn.org/assets/2020%20March,%20Vol%2019%20No.%201-%20Paper%20%205.pdf (Accesed July 2, 2024). Ibe, I. U. (2022). legal responses to tax evasion and avoidance in Nigeria. Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University Journal of Private and Public Law, 1(1), 95-113. Retrieved from https://www.nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/COOUJPPL/article/view/2370/2313 (Accessed July 2, 2024). Ihenyen, C. J., Buseri, T., & Okoro, O. L. (2022). Information Technology Application and Effective Tax Administration in Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Management Sciences, 23(1), 129-137. Retrieved from https://nigerianjournalofmanagementsciences.com/information-technology-application-and-effective-tax-administration-in-bayelsa-state-nigeria-ihenyen-c-j-buseri-t-okoro-o-l/ (Accessed July 3, 2024). Ioniţǎ-Burda, Ş. D. (2024). Aspects of Tax Evasion. Romanian Journal of Forensic Science, 25(137), 46-51. Itaman, R., & Wolf, C. (2021). Industrial policy and monopoly capitalism in Nigeria: lessons from the Dangote Business Conglomerate. Development and Change, 52(6), 1473-1502. https://doi.org/10.1111/dech.12675 Jalil, A. Z. A. (2011). Land-Based Tax Capacity and Tax Effort of the State Governments in Peninsular Malaysia. A Representative Revenue System (RRS) Approach. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(2), 206-219. Retrieved from http://pkukmweb.ukm.my/e-bangi/papers/2011/zafarullah011.pdf Johnson, P. N., & Omodero, C. O. (2021). Governance Quality and Tax Revenue Mobilization in Nigeria. Journal of Legal Studies, 28(42), 1-41. https://doi.org/10.2478/jles-2021-0009. Khan, Z., Kamaluddin, M. R., Manap, J., Rajaratnam, S., Mohd, M., Chong, I. M. & Syasyila, K. (2024). Level and Association of the General Public Knowledge and Attitude on the Role of Technology in Human Trafficking: A Quantitative Study of Pakistan. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(4), 4246-259. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.20. Mannan, D. K. A., Farhana, D. K. M., & Chowdhury, G. M. (2021). Social Network and Tax Evasion: Theoretical Model and Empirical Evidence in Bangladesh. Munich Personal RePEc Archive. 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N., & Nnachi, R. A. (2020). Quarry business and internally generated revenue in Ebonyi state. African Journal of Accounting, Auditing and Finance, 7(2), 105-125. Retrieved from https://ideas.repec.org/a/ids/ajaafi/v7y2020i2p105-125.html (Accessed July 3, 2024). Nyabuti, M. (2024). Appraising Kenya’s children act from sexual and reproductive healthcare rights perspectives. Kenyatta University Journal Of Children’s Rights, 1(1), 31-57. Retrieved from https://journals.ku.ac.ke/index.php/kujcr/article/view/501 (Accessed July 3, 2024). Obidimma, E. O. C., & Nwuzor, D. C. (2022). An appraisal of the problems of tax evasion and avoidance in Nigeria. IRLJ, 4, 151-159. https://nigerianjournalsonline.com/index.php/IRLJ/article/viewFile/2519/2449 (Accessed July 3, 2024). Ogunmakin, O. T. (2021). The Effect of Personal and Company Income Taxes on Total Government Expenditure in Nigeria. Journal of Law and Economics, 2(1), 5-12. 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Aggressive tax avoidance: A conundrum for stakeholders, governments, and morality. Journal of Business Ethics, 147, 469-487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-2978-5. Posner, E. A. (2000). Law and social norms: The case of tax compliance. Virginia Law Review, 1781-1819. Retrieved from https://chicagounbound.uchicago.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2782&context=journal_articles (Accessed July 4, 2024). Promise, O. E., & Rose, A. C. (2021). The effects of religion on taxation in Port Harcourt City, Nigeria. Zamfara Journal of Politics and Development, 2(2), 1-10. Retrieved from https://zjpd.com.ng/index.php/zjpd/article/download/48/42 (Accessed July 3, 2024). Raitasuo, S., & Ylönen, M. (2022). How legal scholars facilitate tax avoidance: Case study on the power of tax consultancy firms. Public Administration, 100(3), 507-521. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12796. Saji, A., Rathore, Y., Menon, G., Ladda, A., Sakireddy, H., Sharma, K., ... & Bhatia, K. (2024). 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Impak Cukai dan Subsidi terhadap Bil Utiliti Pengguna (The Effect of Taxes and Subsidies on Consumer’s Utility Bills)
Utiliti merupakan antara keperluan utama masyarakat moden masa kini terutama sekali masyarakat bandar. Namun, pelaksanaan cukai dan subsidi terhadap utiliti tertentu terutama sekali air, elektrik dan internet dilihat mempengaruhi kebajikan pengguna. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi pengguna terhadap impak pelaksanaan cukai dan subsidi ke atas bil utiliti pengguna. Soalselidik telah diedarkan dan dijawab oleh responden yang tinggal di Lembah Klang secara bersemuka dan atas talian. Kesemua maklumat daripada soalselidik ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis faktor. Keputusan menunjukkan pelaksanaan dasar cukai dan subsidi terhadap bil utiliti bulanan signifikan memberi kesan kepada penduduk Lembah Klang dari 2 aspek. Pertama, penjimatan subsidi dari bil elektrik dapat digunakan bagi pembelian keperluan harian yang lain manakala penjimatan subsidi dari bil air digunakan untuk menambah tabungan keluarga. Kedua, pemberian subsidi wajar diberikan ke atas perkhidmatan sanitasi agar peningkatan kuasa beli keluarga berlaku memandangkan penjimatan dari subsidi tersebut boleh digunakan untuk perbelanjaan lain. Memandangkan kajian ini mengambilkira kesan pelaksanaan cukai dan subsidi secara serentak ke atas bil utiliti pengguna, lantas kesan sebenar jumlah sesuatu bil utiliti terhadap kebajikan pengguna dapat diperhalusi. Justeru, kadar cukai perkhidmatan dan subsidi perlu sentiasa dikaji oleh kerajaan mengikut situasi semasa terutama sekali dengan mengambilkira kesan inflasi agar kebajikan pengguna tidak terjejas Abstract: Utilities are among the primary needs of modern society today, especially urban communities. However, the implementation of taxes and subsidies on certain utilities especially water, electricity and internet are seen to affect the welfare of consumers. Therefore, this study aims to analyse consumer perception of the impact of taxes and subsidies on consumer utility bills. The questionnaire was distributed and answered by respondents living in the Klang Valley both face-to-face and online. All information from these questionnaires were analysed using factor analysis. Results show that the implementation of tax and subsidy policies on monthly utility bills significantly affects the residents of the Klang Valley in two aspects. First, subsidy savings from electricity bills can be used to purchase other daily necessities while subsidy savings from water bills are used to increase family savings. Second, subsidies should be given on sanitation services in order to increase the purchasing power of families since the savings from the subsidies can be used for other expenses. Since this study takes into account the effect of the simultaneous implementation of taxes and subsidies on consumer utility bills, then the actual effect of the amount of a utility bill on consumer welfare can be refined. Therefore, the service tax and subsidy rates should always be reviewed by the government according to the current situation, especially by taking into account the impact of inflation so that the welfare of consumers is not affected. References Albatayneh, A., Juaidi, A., Abdallah, R., Peña-Fernández A. & Francisco Manzano-Agugliaro, F. (2022). Effect of the subsidised electrical energy tariff on the residential energy consumption in Jordan. Energy Reports, 8, 893–903. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2021.12.019 Bank Negara Malaysia. (2015). Pembaharuan harga: Dorongan, Kesan dan Langkah-Langkah Sokongan. chromeextension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/830710/cp04_001_rencana.pdf Bernama. (2025, Ogos 1). Selangor selaraskan tarif air mulai 1 September, caj minimum pengguna domestik kekal RM6.50. 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The Malay Translations of Children’s Books during The Covid-19 Period: An Overview
In Malaysia, the pandemic catalysed the publication of Malay-translated children’s digital books focused on COVID-19. However, the pandemic’s influence extended beyond COVID-related themes, affecting overall trends in children’s literature translation. Previous studies illustrate how translation activities in Malaysia have historically reflected societal shifts, from colonial influences to post-independence national identity formation. More recently, a previous study revealed a marked decline in the publication of Malay-translated children’s books during 2020-2021, correlating with the peak of the pandemic. Therefore, this study is carried out to delve deeper into this finding. This study aims to examine the types of texts, source languages, and publishers that defined the Malaysian children’s book translation landscape during this turbulent era. Based on data collected from the National Library’s Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC), this paper analyses how the pandemic reshaped translation trends in Malay children’s literature and discusses broader implications for the publication industry, with a focus on print publications. The study found that there was a sharp drop in the number of publications during the height of the COVID-19 period. Amid this downward trend, however, Chinese has emerged as the number one source language, surpassing English. Comics and picture storybooks were found to be the most popular types of text, signalling the prevalence of visually engaging and entertaining formats in children’s literature. Finally, the study also found that independent publishers played a pivotal role in sustaining the translation landscape during the pandemic period. References Anderson, P. (2020, September 28). Asian Festival of Children’s Content 2020: A COVID-Aware Edition. Publishing Perspectives. https://publishingperspectives.com/2020/09/asian-festival-of-childrens-content-singpore-book-council-covid19/ Atikah Zabir. (2025). The translation of children’s books into Malay: An analysis of publication trends. Gading Journal for Social Sciences, 28(1), 135-143. https://doi.org/10.24191/gading.v28i1.498 Atikah Zabir & Haslina Haroon (2020). Trend penterjemahan buku kanak-kanak ke dalam bahasa Melayu. In Goh Sang Seong (Ed.), Pengajian Penterjemahan: Isu dan Cabaran (pp. 236-257). Dewan Bahasa & Pustaka. Ayu Dwi Utami, Aruming Sekar Sukrani Candra Dewi & Danang Yudhiantoro. (2020). The strategy of a bookpublisher during the pandemic: A case study from Deepublish. Sebelas Maret Business Review, 6(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/ 10.20961/smbr.v6i1.55710 Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (pp. 241–58). Greenwood. Centres for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). David J. Sencer CDC Museum: In Association with the Smithsonian Institution. https://www.cdc.gov/museum/timeline/covid19.html Charlton, E. (2020, April 30). Coronavirus escapism: book sales surge during lockdown. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/stories/2020/04/coronavirus-escapism-book-sales-surge-covid-19/ China Global Television Network (2020, August 13). Coronavirus Pandemic: Book publishers modify promotion strategies in Singapore. CGTN. https://news.cgtn.com/news/3059544f31514464776c6d636a4e6e62684a4856/ index.html Guren, C., McIllroy, T., & Sieck, S. (2021). COVID-19 and Book Publishing: Impacts and Insights for 2021. Pub Res Q 37, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12109-021-09791-z Hale, T., Angrist, N., Goldszmidt, R., et al. (2021). A global panel database of pandemic policies (Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker). Nature Human Behaviour, 5(4), 529-538.https://doi.org/ 10.1038/s41562-021-01079-8 Ho, O. (2022, June 22). Covid-19 pandemic leaves Singapore bookshops in a bind. The Straits Times.https://www.straitstimes.com/lifestyle/arts/covid-19-pandemic-leaves-singapore-bookshops-in-a-bind Inter-Agency Standing Committee. (2020). My Hero is You, Storybook for Children on COVID-19. https://interagencystandingcommittee.org/ Kirpal, N. (Nov. 20th, 2020). Children's reading list during the pandemic. The New Indian Express. https://www.newindianexpress.com/magazine/2020/Nov/22/childrens-reading-list-during-the-pandemic2225549.html Lettress de Malaisie. (2013). https://lettresdemalaisie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/soalan-daripadalettres-de-malaisie.pdf Md. Sidin Ahmad Ishak. (2005). Perkembangan Sastera Kanak-Kanak di Malaysia. Cerdik Publication Sdn. Bhd. Mohd Noor Azam Mohd Mustafa, Zurinah Tahir & Azmi Aziz. (2023). Faktor Keberkesanan Bekerja Dari Rumah Semasa Pandemik Covid-19 Atas Pegawai Tadbir & Diplomatik (PTD) Di Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(4), 306-318. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.27 Clark, C., Starbuck Braidley, L., Cole, A. & Chamberlain, E. (2024). Children and young people’sengagement with comics in 2023. National Literacy Trust. Cockcroft, M. (2023, October 3). Graphic Novels, Manga Explode in Popularity Among Students. SLJSurvey. School Library Journal. https://www.slj.com/story/Graphic-Novels-Manga-Explode-in-PopularityAmong-Students-SLJ-Survey Nor Idatul Akmar Zulkipli & Haslina Haroon. (2025). The Role of The Patron in Translating Children’sLiterature. Quantum Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities 6(2), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.55197/qjssh.v6i2.612 Norliza Mohammad Basiron, Mimi Hanida Abdul Mutalib & Zanisah Man. (2023). Cabaran PentadbiranPengerusi JPKKOA Wanita Orang Asli Mendepani Pandemik COVID-19 di Malaysia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(4), 208-219.https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.18 Nye, J. S. (1990). Soft Power. Foreign Policy, 80, 153–171. https://doi.org/10.2307/1148580 Othman Puteh. (1989). ‘Sastera Remaja: Sahlan Keliru?’. Dewan Sastera, 19(10), 7-8. Proudfoot, I. (1993). Early Malay Printed Books. Akademi Pengajian Bahasa Melayu dan Kepustakaan, Universiti Malaya. Ren, D. & Kang, Z. (2021). How COVID-19 has affected China’s publishing industry. Publishing Research Quarterly, 37(3), 494-502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12109-021-09829-2 Russell, D.L. (2018). Literature for children: A short introduction. (9th ed.). Pearson. Sharifah Fazliyaton Shaik Ismail. (2007). The Publishing Phenomenon of Enid Blyton in Malay Language in the 1970s: Socio-cultural context and Strategies Employed. [Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of Manchester]. Sun, W. (2025, March 15). Chinese blockbuster holds a lesson for China’s soft power. East Asia Forum. https://doi.org/10.59425/eabc.1742032800 Thorpe, V. (2025, March 9). ‘Something magical is happening’: sales boom for children’s comics creating young readers of the future. The Guardian. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2025/mar/09/something-magical-is-happening-sales-boom-for-childrens-comics-creating-young-readers-of-the-future Torres-Salinas, D. & Moed, H.F. (2009). Library Catalog Analysis as a tool in studies of social sciences and humanities: An exploratory study of published book titles in Economics. Journal of Informetrics, 3(1), 9-26.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2008.10.002. UNICEF. (2020, April 9). Children’s story book released to help children and young people cope with COVID-19.https://www.unicef.org/jordan/press-releases/childrens-story-book-released-help-children-and-young-people-cope-covid-19
Integration of Outdoor Education in Health Education Curriculum: A Systematic Review of Teaching Models and Strategies
Outdoor education is well recognized, but researchers have not developed sufficient scientific analysis regarding successful teaching approaches and strategies that merge outdoor learning. The review addresses the knowledge gap through research on current teaching models, as well as their educational effects on students and the difficulties encountered during implementation. A systematic review of 37 peer-reviewed articles from 2021 to 2025 followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology through its search across Scopus and Web of Science (WoS). The review analyzes three major concepts, which include experiential learning and adventure-based pedagogy and nature-immersive activities. The findings emphasize that experiential learning, adventure-based pedagogy, and nature-immersive activities play a crucial role in improving health literacy, critical thinking, student engagement, and physical well-being while also promoting environmental awareness and social responsibility. The widespread adoption faces barriers because it encounters curriculum integration issues. Hence, teachers need better training, as well as safety and logistical options. Educational institutions require complete outdoor-based health education curricula and teacher training programs, together with institutional support to achieve the best outcomes. When these deficiencies are resolved, outdoor education will transform from an alternative teaching approach into a lasting, transformative power in health education. References Ard, K. L., Goldhammer, H., Almazan, A. N., Michael, T., O’Donnell, D., Bender, S., Roman, M., Greene, R. E., & Keuroghlian, A. S. (2022). A pilot sexual and gender minority health curriculum for the largest public health care system in the United States. Academic Medicine, 97(10), 1489–1493. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000004657 Banaag, M., & Stuhr, P. T. (2024). Adventure Awaits: Exploring Mindfulness Practices During Outdoor Adventures Trips. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 16(1), 20–37. https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2023-11850 Bann, M., Larimore, S., Wheeler, J., & Olsen, L. D. (2022). Implementing a social determinants of health curriculum in undergraduate medical education: a qualitative analysis of faculty experience. Academic Medicine, 97(11), 1665–1672. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000004804 Bazna, M. (2023). A Story of School and Nature. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 15(2), 62–65. https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2023-11888 Beames, S., Higgins, P., & Nicol, R. (2012). Learning outside the classroom: Theory and guidelines for practice. Routledge. Bentsen, P., & Jensen, F. S. (2022). The role of outdoor learning in promoting health literacy and student engagement. International Journal of Educational Research, 56(4), 203–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijer.2022.101929 Birch, D. A., McNeill, E. B., Tappe, M., & Ubbes, V. A. (2025). National Health Education Standards: Model Guidance for Curriculum and Instruction. Journal of School Health, 95(1), 105–112. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.13515 Blenner, S. R., Roth, S. E., Manukyan, R., Escutia-Calderon, Y., Chan-Golston, A. M., Owusu, E., Rice, L. N., & Prelip, M. L. (2021). Community partnerships and experiential learning: Investing in the next generation of a diverse, qualified public health workforce. Pedagogy in Health Promotion, 7(1_suppl), 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1177/23733799211013561 Bolick, C. M., Glazier, J., & Stutts, C. (2022). Taking off the backpacks: the transference of outdoor experiential education to the classroom. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 14(2), 54–71. https://doi.org/10.18666/JOREL-2022-11678 Bølling, M., Niclasen, J., Bentsen, P., & Nielsen, G. (2019). Association of Education outside the Classroom and Pupils’ Psychosocial Well‐Being: Results from a School Year Implementation. Journal of School Health, 89(3), 210–218. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12728 Buzzelli, M., & Asafo-Adjei, E. (2023). Experiential learning and the university’s host community: rapid growth, contested mission and policy challenge. Higher Education, 85(3), 521–538. Chawla, L. (2020). Childhood nature connection and constructive hope: A review of research on connecting with nature and coping with environmental loss. People and Nature, 2(3), 619–642. Chen, Y., McCreary, A., & Stenger-Ramsey, T. (2024). Effectiveness of an Outdoor Education Program with Homeschool Students. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 16(1), 55–66. Chiva-Bartoll, Ò., Capella-Peris, C., & Salvador-García, C. (2020). Service-learning in physical education teacher education: Towards a critical and inclusive perspective. Journal of Education for Teaching, 46(3), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2020.1733400 Cincera, J., Zalesak, J., Kolenaty, M., Simonova, P., & Johnson, B. (2021). We love them anyway: outdoor environmental education programs from the accompanying teachers’ perspective. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 24(3), 243–257. Coates, J. K., & Pimlott‐Wilson, H. (2019). Learning while playing: Children’s forest school experiences in the UK. British Educational Research Journal, 45(1), 21–40. Dagher, T., Oyler, J., Press, V. G., Kostas, T., Tang, J., Hight, R., Saathoff, M., McKinnon, M., Jackson, J. F., McGinty, M., Schwanz, K., Farnan, J., Arora, V., & Anderson, I. (2024). Development and Implementation of an Experiential Longitudinal Health Systems Science Thread Into an Existing Medical School Curriculum. Academic Medicine, 99(9), 971–975. Dillon, J., Rickinson, M., & Scott, W. (2022). The effectiveness of outdoor learning in school curricula: A systematic review of empirical research. Environmental Education Research, 28(4), 521–540. Fagerstam, E., & Samuelsson, M. (2020). Learning science and sustainability outside the classroom: A longitudinal study of primary and secondary students’ experiences. International Journal of Science Education, 42(1), 69–88. Foss, K., Liu, H.-L., & Carotta, C. L. (2024). The Influence of Parents’ Outdoor Recreation Preferences on Children’s Outdoor Activities in State Parks. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 16(1), 38–54. Fox, R., & Thomas, G. (2023). Is climate change the ‘elephant in the room’for outdoor environmental education? Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 26(2), 167–187. Gokiert, R. J., Daniels, J., Poth, C., Karbabian, A., Peacock, D., Springett, J., Cor, K., Williamson, D., Wallace, E., & Freeborn, C. (2021). UEval: Bringing community-based experiential learning to the evaluation classroom. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 35(3), 282–295. Gokiert, R. J., Searle, M., Choquette, K., Zukiwsky, R., Bourgeois, I., Fierro, L. A., & Tremblay, M. (2024). Evaluation capacity building: Experiential learning through community–university collaboratives. Canadian Journal of Program Evaluation, 38(3), 504–520. Gough, A. (2020). Environmental education, outdoor learning, and health education: Towards an integrated approach. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 38(1), 145–161. Gray, T., & Birrell, C. (2021). Are we doing enough? An exploration of the role of nature-based learning in fostering childhood resilience. Australian Journal of Environmental Education, 37(3), 198–214. Greedy, R. D., Perry, E. E., Goralnik, L., & Fitzpatrick, J. (2022). Nature-based placemaking: A natural asset focused community vibrancy roadmap. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 14(1), 51–61. Hinds, J., & Sparks, P. (2020). The affective and cognitive benefits of outdoor education on young people’s well-being and health literacy. Educational Psychology, 40(2), 181–195. Hu, H. (2022). Rethinking nature journaling in the Kindergarten Program action research in learning and teaching. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 25(2), 159–179. Hughes, M. T., & Rushton, C. H. (2022). Ethics and well-being: the health professions and the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic Medicine, 97(3S), 98–103. Ismail, S., Mohamad, S. F. S., Mohamad, S. N. S., & Rosli, D. F. A. (2022). Acceptance, Concerns And Knowledge Of Covid-19 Vaccine: An Early Battle Against The Pandemic. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 17(5), 2672–7226. Kolb, D. A. (1984). Experiential learning: Experience as the source of learning and development. Prentice Hall, Inc. Luty, J. T., Oldham, H., Smeraglio, A., DiVeronica, M., Terndrup, C., Tibayan, F. A., Engle, J., Lepin, K., & Nonas, S. (2022). Simulating for quality: A centralized quality improvement and patient safety simulation curriculum for residents and fellows. Academic Medicine, 97(4), 529–535. Manasia, L., Pârvan, A., & Ianoș, G. (2023). Voicing green learning in rural areas through service-learning: A participatory action research study. Journal of Educational Sciences & Psychology, 13(2), 101–124. Mannion, G., & Lynch, J. (2021). Place-responsive pedagogy and outdoor health education. Educational Research, 30(4), 121–135. McArdle, K., Harrison, T., & Harrison, L. (2023). The role of outdoor adventure education in developing resilience and self-efficacy in children. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 26(1), 11–29. Mettis, K., Väljataga, T., & Uus, Õ. (2023). Mobile outdoor learning effect on students’ conceptual change and transformative experience. Technology, Knowledge and Learning, 28(2), 705–726. Nikandish, N., Kim, D., & Salvador, R. O. (2023). The effectiveness of a field observation exercise to learn process management. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 21(2), 95–106. North, C., Berning, H., & Taff, B. D. (2023). Leave no trace and sustainability education: Taking a dialectical approach. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 15(1), 61–76. North, C., Hills, D., Maher, P., Farkić, J., Zeilmann, V., Waite, S., Takano, T., Prince, H., Pedersen Gurholt, K., & Muthomi, N. (2024). The impact of artificial intelligence on adventure education and outdoor learning: international perspectives. Journal of Adventure Education and Outdoor Learning, 24(1), 123–140. O’Brien, L., & Murray, R. (2020). Supporting mental well-being through outdoor health education: A systematic review. Health & Place, 66, 102453. Ouellet, L., & Laberge, S. (2022). The “sense of one’s place” in the “social status game” of an educational expedition group. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 14(3), 38–58. Prince, H. (2021). Outdoor learning and sustainability education: Implications for health and social development. International Journal of Sustainability in Higher Education, 22(4), 971–989. Quay, J., Gray, T., Thomas, G., Allen-Craig, S., Asfeldt, M., Andkjaer, S., Beames, S., Cosgriff, M., Dyment, J., & Higgins, P. (2020). What future/s for outdoor and environmental education in a world that has contended with COVID-19? Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 23, 93–117. Ramírez‐Andreotta, M. D., Buxner, S., & Sandhaus, S. (2023). Co‐created environmental health science: Identifying community questions and co‐generating knowledge to support science learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 60(8), 1657–1696. Rickinson, M., Dillon, J., & Teamey, K. (2022). The impact of outdoor learning on student health outcomes: A meta-analysis. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 22(1), 45–61. Rickinson, M., & Hunt, A. (2023). Barriers to implementing outdoor education in health curricula. Education Policy Review, 25(2), 189–203. Schmidt, A. M., & Bobilya, A. J. (2022). Engaging youth as community leaders in outdoor education research, program design, and evaluation. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education and Leadership, 14(1), 78–86. Singh, A. S., & Shah, M. (2021). Tata trusts: positively and sustainably contributing to the development of sport in India. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 11(2), 1–37. Stanulis, R. N., & Guenther, A. R. (2021). A call for curriculum and faculty developers to attend to ambitious teaching in experiential curriculum. Medical Science Educator, 31(1), 223–228. Talley, K. A., Bobilya, A. J., & Stonehouse, P. (2023). “Being Comfortable with the Uncomfortable”: Adolescent Girls’ Experiences of an Extended Outdoor Adventure Program. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 15(4), 34–47. Thorburn, M., & Marshall, A. (2021). Adventure-based learning and student health outcomes: A systematic review. Sport, Education and Society, 27(2), 215–230. Thorsteinsson, J. F., Arnarsson, Á., & Jónasson, J. T. (2023). How ‘outdoors time’ transforms the social relationships of children in Iceland. Journal of Outdoor and Environmental Education, 26(2), 227–246. Waite, S., Bentsen, P., & Sandseter, E. B. H. (2021). Risk-taking and outdoor learning: Implications for health education. Early Child Development and Care, 24(3), 176–192. Waite, S., Passy, R., & Gilchrist, M. (2022). Nature-based learning and social-emotional development: A systematic review of outdoor education research. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 60, 1–15. Williams, N. (2022). The power of campfire spaces for diversity education: A case study analysis of a diversity-focused outdoor adventure program. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 14(2), 34–53. Yousuf, Y., & Yu, J. C. (2022). Improving representation of skin of color in a medical school preclerkship dermatology curriculum. Medical Science Educator, 32(1), 27–30. Zumwalt, A. C., Carter, E. E., Gell-Levey, I. M., Mulkey, N., Streed Jr, C. G., & Siegel, J. (2022). A novel curriculum assessment tool, based on AAMC competencies, to improve medical education about sexual and gender minority populations. Academic Medicine, 97(4), 524–528. Zwart, R., & Hines, R. (2022). Community wellness and social support as motivation for participation in outdoor adventure recreation. Journal of Outdoor Recreation, Education, and Leadership, 14(1), 33–50.
Negotiating the TPP: Malaysia’s Trade Strategy from a Neoclassical Realist Perspective
This study aims to explain Malaysia’s approach to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP) negotiations through a two-level neoclassical realism (NCR) lens. While structural factors such as economic structure and economic vulnerability shaped the broader context of Malaysia’s participation in the negotiations, this study argues that it is domestic political imperatives, in this case, elite legitimation, that ultimately determined the state’s negotiation strategy. Malaysia initially embraced the agreement under Prime Minister Najib Razak’s Barisan Nasional (BN) administration to boost Malaysia’s economy through trade liberalisation. This in 2017 shifted following the U.S. withdrawal and in 2018 following the succession of Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad, who is historically more opposed to economic liberalism, when he called for a review of certain sensitive provisions that could threaten the Bumiputera framework and domestic policies. Our findings suggest that this pragmatic yet fluctuating approach was shaped by Malaysia’s successive ruling elites’ converged performance and particularistic legitimation, supported by procedural legitimation. First, performance-based legitimation was achieved by emphasising the economic benefits. Second, particularistic legitimation was boosted through the protection of Bumiputera privileges in sensitive sectors such as government procurement and state-owned enterprises. Additionally, both pathways were shaped by procedural legitimation, which was attained by maintaining public confidence and securing electoral support. By situating Malaysia’s TPP negotiations within this framework, our study contributes to the literature on domestic political influences in foreign economic policymaking, particularly in Southeast Asia. As such, it highlights how domestic political considerations shape trade strategies beyond structural factors. References Ahamat, H. & Rahman, N. A. (2017). 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Affiliate Stigma and Social Support as Correlates of Quality of Life of Parents Raising Children with Autism
There is a paucity of studies that explore how quality of life is correlated with affiliate stigma and social support. The objective of this study was to explore the association of affiliate stigma, social support, and quality of life among parents raising children with autism. Using a cross-sectional quantitative design, 118 parents were purposively sampled from the Non-Governmental Organisation in Gauteng province, South Africa. Data was collected using self-report measures of affiliate stigma, social support, and quality of life. The collected data were analysed using Pearson’s correlation coefficients. The study results indicated that affiliate stigma was negatively correlated with quality of life r (118) = -.367 p, <.001. The study's findings indicate a statistically significant positive correlation between social support r (118) = .422, p <.001, and quality of life. This study's results indicate social support plays a significant positive role in the quality of life of parents raising children with autism. Stigma does negatively impact the quality of life of parents raising children with autism. This study suggests that more social support services and awareness campaigns can improve the quality of life of parents raising children with autism. The study results suggest that screening for the quality of life of parents of children diagnosed with ASD by healthcare professionals should be part of the child’s routine medical checkups. References Adams, S. (2024). The Unmasking of Autism in South Africa and Nigeria. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, Volume 20, 947–955. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S461650 Aderinto, N., Olatunji, D., & Idowu, O. (2023). Autism in Africa: Prevalence, diagnosis, treatment and the impact of social and cultural factors on families and caregivers: a review. Annals of Medicine & Surgery, 85(9), 4410–4416. https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000001107 Alareeki, A., Shipton, L., & Lashewicz, B. (2022). “They’re either afraid or ignorant”: Experiences of stigma and blame among fathers raising autistic children. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 96, 101999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2022.101999 Alhazmi, A., Alduraibi, A., Alhemaid, M., Albreakan, A., & Alshaqha, R. (2023). Quality of Life among the Parents of Saudi Arabian children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder, Riyadh, KSA. World Family Medicine Journal /Middle East Journal of Family Medicine, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.5742/MEWFM.2023.95256038 Alhazmi, A., Petersen, R., & Donald, K. A. (2018). Quality of life among parents of South African children with autism spectrum disorder. Acta Neuropsychiatrica, 30(4), 226–231. https://doi.org/10.1017/neu.2018.5 Alshaigi, K., Albraheem, R., Alsaleem, K., Zakaria, M., Jobeir, A., & Aldhalaan, H. (2020). Stigmatization among parents of autism spectrum disorder children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 7(3), 140–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpam.2019.06.003 Altiere, M. J., & Von Kluge, S. (2009). Searching for acceptance: Challenges encountered while raising a child with autism. Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability, 34(2), 142–152. https://doi.org/10.1080/13668250902845202 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. United States of America. American Psychiatric Association Arunasalam, R., Jani, R., Jaladin, R., & Abd Aziz, A. (2024). Assessing Parents’ Understanding of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) in Malaysia: A Cross-Sectional Study. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 21. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.08 Ault, S., Breitenstein, S. M., Tucker, S., Havercamp, S. M., & Ford, J. L. (2021). Caregivers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Rural Areas: A Literature Review of Mental Health and Social Support. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 61, 229–239. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2021.06.009 Ban, Y., Sun, J., & Liu, J. (2021). Social Support and Subjective Well-Being in Chinese Parents of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Mediating Role of Perceived Discrimination. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 781794. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.781794 Christopher, K., Tafolla, M., Sterrett, K., Elias, R., & Lord, C. (2023). The perceived negative impact of caregiving demands in parents of individuals with autism spectrum disorders from 9 to 25 years of age. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 106, 102203. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2023.102203 Corrigan, P. W. (2000) Mental health stigma as social attribution: implications for research methods and attitude change. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 7, 48–67. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.7.1.48 Dardas, L. A., & Ahmad, M. M. (2015). For fathers raising children with autism, do coping strategies mediate or moderate the relationship between parenting stress and quality of life? Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 620–629. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.047 Dey, M., Paz Castro, R., Haug, S., & Schaub, M. P. (2019). Quality of life of parents of mentally ill children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 28(5), 563–577. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796018000409 De Jongh, M., & Mapisa, H. A. M. (2024). Knowledge of autism among students at a South African Institute of Higher Education. Health SA Gesondheid, 29. https://doi.org/10.4102/hsag.v29i0.2301 Doc editors. (2016). Create a survey using Google Forms. Google. Drogomyretska, K., Fox, R., & Colbert, D. (2020). Brief Report: Stress and Perceived Social Support in Parents of Children with ASD. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 50(11), 4176–4182. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-020-04455-x Gau, S. S.-F., Chou, M.-C., Chiang, H.-L., Lee, J.-C., Wong, C.-C., Chou, W.-J., & Wu, Y.-Y. (2012). Parental adjustment, marital relationship, and family function in families of children with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 6(1), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.007 Goedeke, S., Shepherd, D., Landon, J., & Taylor, S. (2019). How perceived support relates to child autism symptoms and care-related stress in parents caring for a child with autism. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 60, 36–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2019.01.005 Gorlin, B.J., McAlpine, C. P., Garwick, A., & Wieling, E. (2016a). Severe Childhood Autism: The Family Lived Experience. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 31(6), 580–597. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2016.09.002 Greer, J. M. 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Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life in Chinese Caregivers of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 28(5), 327–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnu.2014.06.001 Johnson, N., Frenn, M., Feetham, S., & Simpson, P. (2011). Autism spectrum disorder: Parenting stress, family functioning and health-related quality of life. Families, System, & Health, 29, 232–252 Kasem, A., Abuhammad, S., & Jamal, N. (2024). Parents of children with autism spectrum disorder quality of life in Jordan: A comparative study. Future Science OA, 10(1), FSO909. https://doi.org/10.2144/fsoa-2023-0096 Khusaifan, S. J., & El Keshky, M. E. S. (2021). Social Support as a Protective Factor for the Well-Being of Parents of Children with Autism in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 58, e1–e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2020.11.014 Kuru, N., & Piyal, B. (2018). Perceived social support and quality of life of parents of children with Autism. 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Sokongan Sosial Pasca Operasi untuk Pegawai Undercover: Kajian di Suruhajaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM) (Post-Deployment Social Support for Undercover Officer: A Case Study of Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC))
Isu kesejahteraan mental pegawai undercover sering menjadi cabaran dalam operasi undercover di Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia (SPRM). Lantaran itu, sokongan sosial sama ada secara formal mahupun tidak formal adalah amat penting khususnya dalam resosialisasi pegawai undercover ke dalam jabatan kerja. Makalah ini ingin meneliti jenis sokongan sosial yang diterima oleh pegawai undercover setelah tamat operasi dan masuk semula ke persekitaran pekerjaan formal. Kajian kualitatif ini dilakukan dengan menemubual secara mendalam seramai sembilan orang informan yang terdiri daripada bekas pegawai undercover yang dipilih menggunakan pensampelan bertujuan. Dalam kajian ini, pengkaji memilih informan yang mempunyai latar belakang pengalaman dalam menjalankan tugas penyamaran bagi kes bersindiket. Hasil kajian mendapati pegawai undercover mendapat kedua-dua sokongan sosial formal dan tidak formal daripada pelbagai pihak termasuklah pegawai pengendali, rakan sekerja di Unit Perisikan, rakan sekerja di dalam dan luar SPRM. Hasil kajian turut menunjukkan bahawa sokongan emosi dan sokongan informasi merupakan bentuk sokongan yang paling dominan diterima. Sokongan sosial dilihat dapat mengurangkan tekanan semasa proses penyesuaian semula pegawai undercover dalam persekitaran pekerjaan formal. Implikasi teoretikal kajian ini adalah menjadikan pemulihan pegawai undercover lebih efektif dengan sokongan sosial seperti sokongan sosial formal daripada organisasi dan juga sokongan sosial tidak formal. Dari segi praktikal pula, kajian ini dapat dijadikan panduan kepada SPRM dan juga agensi penguatkuasaan yang lain dalam merangka dan menggubal dasar yang bersesuaian bagi membantu pegawai undercover semasa untuk menjalani proses resosialisasi dalam persekitaran pekerjaan formal dengan mengambil perhatian terhadap jenis sokongan sosial yang efektif dan praktikal. Abstract: The issue of mental well-being of undercover officers is often a challenge in undercover operations at the Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission (MACC). Therefore, social support is very important, especially in the resocialization of undercover officers into their respective departments. This paper seeks to examine the type of social support received by undercover officers after the end of the operation. This qualitative study was conducted by in-depth interviews with nine informants consisting of former undercover officers who were selected using purposive sampling. In this study, the researcher selected informants who had a background of experience in carrying out undercover duties for syndicate cases. The results of the study found that undercover officers received both formal and informal social support from various parties including operating officers, colleagues inside and outside of the MACC. The results of the study also showed that emotional support and information support were the most dominant forms of support received. Social support has been found to reduce stress during the readjustment process of undercover officers returning to their workplace. The theoretical implication of this study is to make the rehabilitation of undercover officers more effective with social support. In terms of practice, this study can be used as a guide for the MACC and other enforcement agencies in formulating and enacting appropriate policies to assist current undercover officers to undergo the resocialization process. References Band, S & Sheehan, D. (1999). Managing undercover stress: the supervisor’s role. FBI Law Enforcement Bull, 68(2).1–6. http://leb.fbi.gov/1999-pdfs/leb-february-1999. Burns, C., & Buchanan, M. (2020). Factors that Influence the Decision to Seek Help in a Police Population. International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(18), 6891. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17186891 Cajada, L., Stephenson, Z., & Bishopp, D. (2024). Protective and enabling factors that facilitate undercover police work: A qualitative study. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 39(3), 557–572. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-024-09646-1. Copelton, D.A & Weiss, G.L. (2023). The Sociology of Health, Healing, and Illness (11th edition). Routledge. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches (4th ed.). Sage. Farkas, G. (1986). Stress in undercover policing. Psychological Services for Law Enforcement, 433-440. French, N. (2003). Identity stressors associated with the reintegration experiences of Australasian undercover police officers. [PhD thesis] Queensland University of Technology. Fungaroli, O. (2024). A little bird told me: the lived experiences of officers who participated in deep undercover programs. West Chester University Doctoral Projects. 279. https://digitalcommons.wcupa.edu/all_doctoral/279. Girodo, M. (1984). Entry and re-entry strain in undercover agents. In: Vernon A, van de Vliert E (Eds). Role transitions. Springer, pp 169–179. Khusairi. (2017). Intelligence-Based Investigation: Effective Practices To Combat Corruption. https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/RS_No107/No107_24_VE_Dato_Khusairi.pdf. Kowalczyk, D., & Sharps, M. J. (2017). Consequences of undercover operations in law enforcement: A review of challenges and best practices. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 32, 197–202. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-016-9211-z. Kruisbergen, E., W., Jong, D., & Kleemans, E. R. (2011). Undercover policing: assumptions and empirical evidence. British Journal of Criminology, 51(2), 394-412. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azq073. Loftus, B., Goold, B. & Giollabhui, S.M.(2016). From a visible spectacle to an invisible presence: The working culture of covert policing. The British Journal of Criminology, 56(4), 629 645. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv076. Lotfi, S. (2024). Challenges working as an infiltrator and informant. A systematic literature review. Degree project in criminology 30 Credits. Malmo University. Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Criminology. Love, K. G., Vinson, J., Tolsma, J., & Kaufmann, G. (2008). Symptoms of undercover police officers: A comparison of officers currently, formerly, and without undercover experience. International Journal of Stress Management, 15(2), 136-152. https://doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.15.2.136. Martinez, C. (2023). Undercover officers’ perception of recruitment and assignment. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 38, 199–209. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11896-022-09549-z. Miller, L. (2006). Practical Police Psychology: Stress Management and Crisis Intervention for Law Enforcement. Spring Weld. Miller, L. (2006). Undercover policing: A psychological and operational guide. Journal of Police and Criminal Psychology, 21(1), 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02855681. Mohammad Arif Johari, Sa’odah Ahmad, & Zanariah Ismail. (2021). Perkaitan Antara Sokongan Sosial Keluarga dengan Kemurungan dalam kalangan Anggota Polis Jabatan Siasatan Jenayah, Selangor. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(9), 154 - 165. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i9.1012. Mohd Saud Ayutollah Abdul Manan. (2014). Faktor-faktor Kejayaan Pegawai Undercover Suruhanjaya pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia dalam Penyiasatan Kes Rasuah. [Tesis Sarjana]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Mohd Suhaimi Mohamad, Fauziah Ibrahim, Mohamad Rahim Kamaluddin & Divaghar Voothayakumar, (2024) Hubungan di antara stigma sosial dan sokongan sosial terhadap penglibatan aktiviti masyarakat dalam kalangan bekas banduan. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21 (3), 407-415. ISSN 1823-884x Otu, N., & Otu, N. E. (2022). Why Do the Police Reject Counseling? An Examination of Necessary Changes to Police Subculture.. Journal of Health Ethics, 18(2), http://dx.doi.org/10.18785/jhe.1802.04 Prioritize full implementation of the RCMP Employee Well-being Strategy. (2024). Royal Canadian Mounted Police. https://rcmp.ca/en/change-rcmp/prioritize-full-implementation-rcmp-employee- well-being-strategy Seng Chuan A/L Din Wan. (2011). Operasi Undercover dalam kes rasuah bersindiket Satu Tinjauan awal. [Tesis Sarjana]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Siti Nur Farahin Eraman, Thuaibah@Suaibah Abu Bakar, Zulkifli Hamisan@Khair & Hashim Fauzy Yaacob. (2021). Kajian terhadap sokongan sosial dan kesihatan mental dalam kalangan anggota polis di Ibu Pejabat Polis Kontinjen (IPK) Johor Bahru. Sains Humanika, 13(2-2), 1-8. Spinella, David B.(2020). Undercover Law Enforcement Operatives’ Perceptions of Post Critical Incident Mental Health Services. [Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies]. 9265. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/9265. Statement AFP’s undercover program | Australian Federal Police. (2023, December 3). Afp.gov.au. https://afp.gov.au/news-centre/media-statement/statement-afps-undercover-program Suriana Che Awang & Khadijah Alavi (2020, November 30). Buli Siber: Impak Emosi Dalam Kalangan Pelajar UKM. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 4(5), 1 – 9. Undercover Operations - BC RCMP. (2024). Royal Canadian Mounted Police. https://rcmp.ca/en/bc/police- services/undercover-operations Wahab (2015). Intelligence Based Investigation and Proactive Investigation.: A way forward. https://www.unafei.or.jp/publications/pdf/RS_No92/No92_14VE_Aziz1.pdf. Wayandiana Abdullah, Mohamad Fauzi Sukimi & Zanisah Man (2024). Kitaran kemiskinan dan gengsterisme dalam masyarakat India: kajian di kawasan Lembah Klang. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(4), 631-641. ISSN 1823-884x Zam Zam Yunus & Nik Ahmad Sufian Buhan. (2023). Faktor pelanggaran integriti organisasi: Kajian kes terhadap anggota polis diiraja malaysia (PDRM) di kontinjen selangor. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(2).
Social Solutions to Control the Powerful Crimes beyond Police
It is crucial to address the powerful crimes the police unable to control. In this article, based on the recent innovative achievements in social sciences, it is attempted to provide social solutions to these catastrophic crimes, classified as the followings: (a) To overcome the autocracy by party, it was started and led by Cai the democratic law execution in China in 2000, supporting the theory of armed police. (b) To reduce inhuman massacre by the International Criminal Court, it was suggested to replace army by armed police as in Mauritius and Costa Rica. (c) To prevent the army from seizing the national power, it was suggested (i) to learn the dual commanding system in Chinese Army with the president ordering one command while the congress another, and (ii) to replace army with armed police. (d) To reduce the risk of inhuman race extermination by country, it is safer to spread a human race in several countries, supporting multinationalism. (e) To struggle against the crimes made by democracy, it was suggested to adopt the disciplines of specialised parties, with the contemporary practices notably as the movement of “Marx-MingXun calling for competitive election” synchronously reviving the communist parties worldwide supporting poverty and humanity, the electoral victories of People’s Justice Party in Malaysia and Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan, the Turkish peacekeeping armies sent abroad by Justice and Development Party, and so on. It is helpful to classify these social solutions for design of human society lest the incapability of police. References Akbar, M.F., & Genovés, M.B. (2024). South Africa sues International Court over Israel's Palestinian genocide under international law. Lampung Journal of International Law, 6(2), 83-94. https://doi.org/10.25041/lajil.v6i2.3427 Al-Rikabi, M.K. (2021). 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Improving Equivalence: Strategies for Handling Non-Standard Arabic Expressions in Translation Dictionaries
This study responds to the call for reliable equivalents in translation dictionaries of non-standard Arabic expressions. Such expressions, including dialectal, colloquial and culture-bound vocabulary, are common across the Arab world but are often overlooked or inadequately covered by dominant dictionaries focused on Modern Standard Arabic (MSA). This study aims at addressing this imbalance by proposing an approach that enriches the coverage of non-standard Arabic expressions to attain linguistic and cultural equivalence. Based on Fillmore’s (2006) Frame Semantics as the underpinning theoretical framework, this study applies qualitative approach to assess the effectiveness with which semantic frames can capture the contextual and functional meanings of such expressions. A set of ten commonly used expressions from across a range of Arabic dialects was selected through purposive sampling against these predetermined criteria: frame identification, cultural setting, lexical mapping and equivalence analysis. The findings indicate noteworthy lexicographical gaps with respect to the handling of non-standard Arabic expressions. It is shown, based on the evidence in the present study, that the lexicographical entries in the future should include aspects of semantic framing, corpus evidence, cross-dialectal references and multimedia features. The inclusion of these aspects would improve the comprehensiveness and contextual depth of translation dictionaries, and thus meet the needs of translators, language learners and researchers conducting studies on Arabic and intercultural communication. References Ahmed, M. E. H. (2009). Lexical, cultural and grammatical translation problems encountered by senior Palestinian EFL learners at the Islamic University of Gaza, Palestine. University of Salford (United Kingdom). Ainsworth, J. (2016). Lost in translation? Linguistic diversity and the elusive quest for plain meaning in the law. In The Ashgate handbook of legal translation (pp. 43-55). Routledge. Al-Awthan, A. M. H. (2019). Arabicization and terminology with reference to social media terms ([Master's thesis], Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar). Algatroni, H. A. E. S. (2021). Language attitudes of Libyan university students towards using modern standard Arabic and the Libyan Arabic dialect [Doctoral dissertation, DePaul University Chicago, Illinois]). Alharahsheh, A. M. A., Moindjie, M. A., & Lin, D. T. A. (2023). Cultural References Translation Norms in The Queue from Arabic to English. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(3), 151-165. Anderson, K. (2025). Language barriers and academic writing challenges: Perspectives of non-Arabic speaking graduate students in Arab universities. Retrieved from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jessie-Anderson-8/publication/388190258 Al-Wahy, A. S. (2017). Towards a methodology for measuring lexical density in Arabic. International Journal of Arabic Linguistics, 3(1), 1-33. https://doi.org/10.34874/PRSM.ijal-vol3.11568 Al-Wer, E., Horesh, U., Herin, B., & De Jong, R. (2022). Arabic sociolinguistics. Cambridge University Press. Bakalla, M. H. (2023). Arabic culture: Through its language and literature. Taylor & Francis. Baker, C. F., & Lorenzi, A. (2020). Exploring crosslinguistic FrameNet alignment. In Proceedings of the International FrameNet Workshop 2020: Towards a global, multilingual FrameNet (pp. 77–84). European Language Resources Association (ELRA). Benzehra, R. (2011). Arabic-English/English-Arabic Lexicography: A Critical Perspective ([Doctoral dissertation, University of Georgia]). Benzehra, R. (2012). Issues and challenges for a modern English-Arabic dictionary. Dictionaries: Journal of the Dictionary Society of North America, 33(1), 83-102. 10.1353/dic.2012.0008 Biel, Ł. (2008). Legal terminology in translation practice: dictionaries, googling or discussion forums. SKASE Journal of Translation and Interpretation, 3(1), 22-38. Busari, K. K. (2022). Diglossia in Arabic language. Sri Lankan Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 5(1), 15–26. http://ir.lib.seu.ac.lk/handle/123456789/6373 Chekayri, A. (2014). The challenges of the shift from a Modern Standard Arabic only approach to an integrative approach. Arabele 2012: Enseñanza y aprendizaje de la lengua árabe= Teaching and Learning the Arabic Language, 45-70. Collins, G., & Ponz, M. L. (2018). Translation, hybridity and borderlands: Translating non-standard language. In V. Aguilar, M. Á. Manzano, L. M. Pérez Cañada, W. Saleh, & P. Santillán Grimm (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of translation and culture (pp. 398-414). Routledge. Dakwar, R. K., Ahmar, M., Farah, R., & Froud, K. (2018). Diglossic aphasia and the adaptation of the Bilingual Aphasia Test to Palestinian Arabic and Modern Standard Arabic. Journal of Neurolinguistics, 47, 131-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroling.2018.04.013 Elayeb, B., & Bounhas, I. (2016). Arabic cross-language information retrieval: a review. ACM Transactions on Asian and Low-Resource Language Information Processing (TALLIP), 15(3), 1-44. https://doi.org/10.1145/2789210 Fillmore, C. J. (2006). Frame semantics. Cognitive linguistics: Basic readings, 34, 373-400. Gugliotta, E. (2022). Tunisian Arabizi: Linguistic Analyses and Corpus Building using Natural Language Processing ([Doctoral dissertation], Université Grenoble-Alpes; Sapienza Universita di Roma). Gwasmeh, M. (2021). Language attitudes, accentedness and comprehensibility: a sociolinguistic study of Arabic and Arabic-accented English. ([Doctoral dissertation], University of Canterbury, New Zealand). Harmoush, D. H., Moindjie, M. A., & Kasuma, S. A. A. (2023). Translation of Cultural Aspects from English into Arabic: A Case Study of a Dance of the Forests. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(4), 141-153. 10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.12 Jneid, A. (2008). Critical examination of some Arabic-German and Arabic-English dictionaries. ([PhD thesis], Friedrich-Alexander-Universitaet Erlangen-Nuernberg, Germany). Khallaf, N. A. A. (2023). An automatic Modern Standard Arabic text simplification system: a corpus-based approach ([Doctoral dissertation, University of Leeds). Nassenstein, N. (2016). Mombasa's Swahili-based'Coasti Slang'in a Super-Diverse Space: Languages in contact on the beach. African Study Monographs, 37(3), 117-143. Nielsen, S. (2022). The future of dictionaries, dictionaries of the future. The Bloomsbury Handbook of Lexicography, 389. Nykyri, S. (2010). Equivalence and translation strategies in multilingual thesaurus construction ([Doctoral dissertation], Åbo Akademis förlag-Åbo Akademi University Press). Ørum, O. G. (2018). Sociohistorical and Linguistic Layers of Arabic in Medieval Cairo: The Case of Judaeo-Arabic ([Doctoral dissertation], Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, Faculty of Humanities, University of Oslo). Rundell, M. (2012). ‘It works in practice, but will it work in theory?’ The uneasy relationship between lexicography and matters theoretical. In R. V. Fjeld & J. M. Torjusen (Eds.), Proceedings of the 15th EURALEX International Congress (pp. 47–92). Department of Linguistics and Scandinavian Studies, University of Oslo. Zammit, M. (2020). A comparative lexical study of Qur'ānic Arabic (Vol. 61). Brill. Zarnoufi, R., Jaafar, H., & Abik, M. (2020). 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What Drives Female Labour Force Participation in Indonesia? A Systematic Literature Review
Female labour force participation (FLFP) in Indonesia remains stagnant despite educational progress and economic development. Studies about FLFP determinants in Indonesia exist, but their findings are scattered, making it difficult to establish a definitive conclusion. Therefore, this study aims to synthesise previous studies and map the factors that affect FLFP in Indonesia through systematic literature analysis. Guided by the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) framework, this study reviewed 20 selected studies without restriction on publication year, covering peer-reviewed and grey literature up to April 2025. This study categorised determinants of FLFP into four groups: personal characteristics (age, marital status, and residential location), family characteristics (children's presence, household headship, household income, family size, and elderly members), educational attainment, and traditional gender norms. This study found that existing literature exhibited a linear and non-linear pattern between age and FLFP, while married status and childcare responsibilities decreased female participation rates. As a crucial factor, most studies have consistently found that higher education significantly increases FLFP. Moreover, traditional gender norms and specific religions prevent women from entering the labour market. Based on the findings, providing employees with better access to affordable child care and flexible work arrangements is required to support women's employment. The long-term recommendation requires comprehensive and supportive strategies, including increasing tertiary education access for women and labour law reform, such as maternity and paternity leave and social protections for women in the informal sector. 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Heterogeneous Impact of Internet Availability on Female Labor Market Outcomes in An Emerging Economy: Evidence from Indonesia. World Development, 164, 106182. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2022.106182 Lari, N., Awadalla, A., Al-Ansari, M., & Elmaghraby, E. (2022). Determinants of female labor force participation: implications for policy in Qatar. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2022.2130223 Li, W., Urakawa, K., & Suga, F. (2023). Are Social Norms Associated with Married Women’s Labor Force Participation? A Comparison of Japan and the United States. Journal of Family and Economic Issues, 44(1), 193–205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10834-021-09815-y Menelek Asfaw, D. (2022). Woman labor force participation in off-farm activities and its determinants in Afar Regional State, Northeast Ethiopia. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311886.2021.2024675 Mulugeta, G. (2021). 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Marriage or Childbearing: Determinants of Women’s Employment in Indonesia. 2019 IEEE R10 Humanitarian Technology Conference (R10-HTC)(47129), 2019-Novem, 165–168. https://doi.org/10.1109/R10-HTC47129.2019.9042433 Setyonaluri, D., & Utomo, A. (2024). Negotiating Work, Family, and Traffic: Articulations of Married Women’s Employment Decisions in Greater Jakarta. Gender, Work & Organization, 31(6), 2423–2445. https://doi.org/10.1111/gwao.13069 Siddaway, A. P., Wood, A. M., & Hedges, L. V. (2019). How to Do a Systematic Review: A Best Practice Guide for Conducting and Reporting Narrative Reviews, Meta-Analyses, and Meta-Syntheses. Annual Review of Psychology, 70(1), 747–770. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-102803 Susilo, S., Yuniashri, E., & Handrito, R. P. (2024). Women’s Tendency in Work Involvement: A Study of Female Labour Force in Indonesia. Economics & Sociology, 17(1), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2024/17-1/10 Syed Salleh, S. N., & Mansor, N. (2022). Women and Labour Force Participation in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(7), e001641. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i7.1641 Thomas, N., & Shyjan, D. (2022). Outsiders of the Labour Force in Kerala: Demystifying Deterrents of Female Work. The Indian Journal of Labour Economics, 65(2), 445–461. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41027-022-00372-y Tsaniyah, A. H., & Sugiharti, L. (2021). Analysis of Female Labour Force Participation (FLFP) in East Java. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Terapan, 6(1), 66. https://doi.org/10.20473/jiet.v6i1.26777 Warman, A., Idris, I., & Sentosa, S. U. (2018). Analysis Determinants of Labor Supply for Married Woman in West Sumatra. Proceedings of the First Padang International Conference On Economics Education, Economics, Business and Management, Accounting and Entrepreneurship (PICEEBA 2018). https://doi.org/10.2991/piceeba-18.2018.32 Wijayanto, A. Y., & Sari, D. W. (2019). Economics Development Analysis Journal Analysis of Decision to Work of Female Workers in Indonesia Article Information. Economics Development Analysis Journal, 8(3). http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/edaj Xiao, S., & Asadullah, M. N. (2020). Social Norms and Gender Differences in Labor Force Participation in China. Feminist Economics, 26(4), 114–148. https://doi.org/10.1080/13545701.2020.1758337 Yan, F., & Geraldine Chan, K. L. (2024). A Review of Literature on Women Employment Discrimination. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 21(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.04 Zhang, J., & Zhang, S. (2015). Identifying the causal effect of marriage on women’s labor force participation in the presence of Chinese superstition. Economics Bulletin, 35(2), 986–997
Dismantling Monolingual Ideologies Through Translanguaging in South African Universities: An Integrative Review
This study is an integrative review of literature on the current state and practice of translanguaging in South African higher education institutions. The study is premised on the observation that, although translanguaging theory and practice have gained considerable attention from scholars in the Global North, a great deal remains to be known regarding its affordances in the Global South. Data was gathered through a comprehensive peer-reviewed literature search from various online scholarly databases using keywords. The study indicates that the published literature on translanguaging in South African universities explores its utility as a pedagogical strategy for teaching STEM subjects. A total of 30 studies published between 2015 and 2025 were reviewed and thematically analysed. This literature is dominated by theoretical perspectives that centre colonially inherited raciolinguistic ideologies about the utility of African indigenous languages in higher education. The study shows that published literature on translanguaging in South African universities broaches themes on its utility as a pedagogical strategy for teaching (STEM) subjects. The literature also focuses on how translanguaging functions as a disruptive pedagogical strategy with the potential to mainstream multilingualism in teaching and learning, consequently dismantling monolingual ideologies and practices that valorise English as the legitimate language of education and social advantage. Translanguaging has the potential to address inequality and serve as a socially just pedagogy with inherent decolonial intentions. Having critically examined and synthesised the literature, the article identifies gaps, provides directions for future research, and localises theoretical innovations. References Alfian, A. (2022). Translanguaging practice in higher education: Lecturers’ and students’ perspectives. Daengku: Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Innovation, 2(2), 142–147. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.daengku860 Antia, B.E., & Dyers, C. (2016). Epistemological access through lecture materials in multiple modes and language varieties: The role of ideologies and multilingual literacy practices in student evaluations of such materials at a South African University. Language Policy, 15(4), 525–545. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-015-9389-4 Antia, B. E., & van der Merwe, C. (2019). Speaking with a forked tongue about multilingualism in the language policy of a South African university. Language Policy, 18(3), 407–429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10993-018-9493-3 Atta, A., & Naqvi, S. B. (2022). Pedagogical translanguaging in English as Second Language (ESL) classrooms: A survey of existing studies. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 7(2), 120–146. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol7iss2pp120-146 Banda, F. (2018). Translanguaging and English-African language mother tongues as linguistic dispensation in teaching and learning in a black township school in Cape Town. Current Issues in Language Planning, 19(2), 198–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/14664208.2017.1353333 Burton, J., & Rajendram, S. (2019). Translanguaging-as-resource: University ESL instructors’ language orientations and attitudes toward translanguaging. TESL Canada Journal, 36(1), 21–47. https://doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v36i1.1301 Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2017). Minority languages and sustainable translanguaging: Threat or opportunity? Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 38(10), 901–912. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2017.1284855 Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2022). Pedagogical translanguaging and its application to language classes. RELC Journal, 003368822210827. https://doi.org/10.1177/00336882221082751 Charamba, E. (2020). Organic translanguaging in science classrooms: Perceptions of pre-service primary school teachers. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(7), 117─132. Charamba, E. (2022). Pushing linguistic boundaries: Translanguaging in a bilingual science and technology classroom. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 43(10), 951–965. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2020.1783544 Charamba, E., & Nkomo, S. A. (2022). Translanguaging as a disruptive pedagogy in language education: An analysis of metacognitive reflections of second-year undergraduate students. Journal for Language Teaching, 56(2). https://doi.org/10.56285/jltVol56iss2a5337 Charamba, E., & Zano, K. (2019). Effects of translanguaging as an intervention strategy in a South African chemistry classroom. Bilingual Research Journal, 42(3), 291–307. https://doi.org/10.1080/15235882.2019.1631229 Chikoko, V. (2021). Re-visiting the decolonising of South African higher education question: A systematic literature review. South African Journal of Higher Education. https://doi.org/10.20853/35-1-4420 Chimbunde, P., & Kgari-Masondo, M. (2022). The decolonisation of African languages: Insights from Southern Africa. Language Matters, 53(3), 5–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/10228195.2022.2138957 Creese, A., & Blackledge, A. (2011). Separate and flexible bilingualism in complementary schools: Multiple language practices in interrelationship. Journal of Pragmatics, 43(5), 1196–1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pragma.2010.10.006 Department of Higher Education and Training. (2002, November). Language policy for higher education. https://www.dhet.gov.za/Management%20Support/Language%20Policy%20for%20Higher%20Education.pdf Department of Higher Education and Training. (2020, October 30). Language policy framework for public higher education institutions. https://www.gov.za/sites/default/files/gcis_document/202011/43860gon1160.pdf Dyers, C., & Abongdia, J.F. (2015). Ideology, policy and implementation: Comparative perspectives from two African universities. Stellenbosch Papers in Linguistics, 43(0), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.5774/43-0-157 García, O., Flores, N., Seltzer, K., Wei, L., Otheguy, R., & Rosa, J. (2021). Rejecting abyssal thinking in the language and education of racialised bilinguals: A manifesto. Critical Inquiry in Language Studies, 18(3), 203–228. https://doi.org/10.1080/15427587.2021.1935957 García, O., & Lin, A. M. Y. (2016). Translanguaging in bilingual education. In O. García, A. M. Y. Lin, & S. May (Eds.), Bilingual and multilingual education (pp. 1–14). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02324-3_9-1 Gorter, D., & Cenoz, J. (2015). Translanguaging and linguistic landscapes. Linguistic Landscape: An International Journal, 1(1–2), 54–74. https://doi.org/10.1075/ll.1.1-2.04gor Govender, L., & Naidoo, D. (2023). Decolonial insights for transforming the higher education curriculum in South Africa. Curriculum Perspectives, 43(S1), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41297-023-00200-3 Hlatshwayo, M. (2023). Decolonising the South African university: First thoughts. South African Journal of Higher Education, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.20853/37-3-4854 Hollington, A. (2018). Transatlantic translanguaging in Zimdancehall: Reassessing linguistic creativity in youth language practices. The Mouth, 3, 105–123. Hurst, E., & Mona, M. (2017). ‘Translanguaging’ as a socially just pedagogy. Education as Change, 21(2), 126–148. https://doi.org/10.17159/1947-9417/2017/2015 Khumalo, L., & Nkomo, D. (2022). The intellectualisation of African languages through terminology and lexicography: Methodological reflections with special reference to lexicographic products of the University of KwaZulu-Natal. Lexikos, 32(2). https://doi.org/10.5788/32-2-1700 Kiramba, L.K. (2018). Language ideologies and epistemic exclusion. Language and Education, 32(4), 291–312. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500782.2018.1438469 Kleyn, T., & García, O. (2019). Translanguaging as an act of transformation: Restructuring teaching and learning for emergent bilingual students. In L. C. Oliveira (Ed.), The Handbook of TESOL in K‐12 (1st ed., pp. 69–82). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119421702.ch6 Leonet, O., Cenoz, J., & Gorter, D. (2017). Challenging minority language isolation: Translanguaging in a trilingual school in the Basque Country. Journal of Language, Identity & Education, 16(4), 216–227. https://doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2017.1328281 Letsela, M. (2021). Translanguaging as a pedagogical strategy to implement multilingual language policy at a South African university. Proceedings of ‏the 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Education. 3rd International Conference on Advanced Research in Education. https://doi.org/10.33422/3rd.educationconf.2021.03.228 Liu, Y., & Fang, F. (2022). Translanguaging theory and practice: How stakeholders perceive translanguaging as a practical theory of language. RELC Journal, 53(2), 391–399. https://doi.org/10.1177/0033688220939222 Madsen, L. M., & Nørreby, T. R. (2019). Languaging and languagised learning. In R. Beach (Ed.), Languaging relations for Transforming the Literacy and Language Arts Classroom (1st ed., pp. 93–111). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351036580-5 Makalela, L. (2016). Ubuntu translanguaging: An alternative framework for complex multilingual encounters. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 34(3), 187–196. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2016.1250350 Makalela, L., & McCabe, R. (2013). Monolingualism in a historically black South African university: A case of inheritance. Linguistics and Education, 24(4), 406–414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.linged.2013.09.004 Makalela, L., & Silva, K. A. D. (2023). Translanguaging and language policy in the Global South: Introductory notes. Revista Brasileira de Linguística Aplicada, 23(1), e33203. https://doi.org/10.1590/1984-6398202333203 Maseko, B. (2022). Translanguaging and minoritised language revitalisation in multilingual classrooms: Examining teachers’ agency. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 40(2), 162–176. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2022.2040370 Maseko, B., & Siziba, L. P. (2023). Continuities or change? A synchronic and diachronic analysis of documented language policies of selected universities in South Africa. Journal of Language Teaching and Research, 14(2), 304–313. https://doi.org/10.17507/jltr.1402.05 Mavuso, M. (2020). Barriers to learning in diverse classrooms: Teachers’ voices. E-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(3), 187−200. Mbirimi-Hungwe, V. (2019). Stepping beyond linguistic boundaries in multilingual science education: Lecturer’s perceptions of the use of translanguaging. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 37(1), 15–26. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2019.1598877 Mbirimi-Hungwe, V., & Hungwe, T. (2019). Translanguaging for epistemic access to computer science concepts: A call for change. Per Linguam, 34(2), 97−111. https://doi.org/10.5785/34-2-771 Mbirimi-Hungwe, V., & Matariro-Mutanha, M. (2024). Translanguaging and decolonisation in South African higher education: Embracing multilingual pedagogies. Journal of Languages and Language Teaching, 12(4), 2156−2166. https://doi.org/10.33394/jollt.v12i4.11126 McCracken, M. (2017). Translanguaging as a tool to preserve L1 languages and promote multilingualism. In S. Lindenburg & D. Smakman (Eds.), Proceedings Van Schools tot Scriptie III: Een colloquium over universitair taalvaardigheidsonderwijs, Leiden University, 2 December 2016 (pp. 20–38). Leiden University. https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/handle/1887/57207 McKinney, C. (2020). Decoloniality and language in education: Transgressing language boundaries in South Africa. In J. A. Windle, D. De Jesus, & L. Bartlett (Eds.), The Dynamics of Language and Inequality in Education (pp. 115–132). Multilingual Matters. https://doi.org/10.21832/9781788926959-010 Molate, B., & McKinney, C. (2024). Resisting the coloniality of language through languaging and making of a multilingual ikhaya in South Africa. Journal of Multilingual Theories and Practices, 4(2), 201–222. https://doi.org/10.1558/jmtp.26058 Mpofu, T. (2025). An analysis of staff perceptions on translanguaging in teaching and learning at one South African University. Research in Social Sciences and Technology, 10(1), 422−455. https://doi.org/10.46303/ressat.2025.24 Mtanha-Matariro, M., Mokala, N., & Makalela, L. (2025). Rethinking academic literacy through digital multilingual resources: A framework for African universities. INTED2025 Proceedings (pp. 4507–4511). https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2025.1132 Ngcobo, S., Bryant, K., & Ndebele, H. (2021). Translanguaging: A tool to decolonise students’ experiences of learning to write for academic purposes in the South African university context. Journal for Language Teaching, 55(1), 77–99. https://doi.org/10.4314/jlt.v55i1.4 Prah, K. K. (2017). The intellectualisation of African languages for higher education. Alternation Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa, 24(2), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2017/v24n2a11 Rajendram, S. (2019). Translanguaging as an agentive, collaborative and socioculturally responsive pedagogy for multilingual learners (Doctoral dissertation). University of Toronto, Canada. Runcieman, A. J. (2022). Translanguaging in court proceedings: How interpreter pedagogy needs to address monolingual ideologies in court interpreting that delegitimise litigants’ voices. International Journal of Interpreter Education, 14(10, 4−6. Siziba, L., & Maseko, B. (2023). Mainstreaming translanguaging pedagogy through language policy: Opportunities and challenges in a South African university. Language, 99(3), 135–152. https://doi.org/10.1353/lan.2023.a907015 Siziba, L., & Maseko, B. (2024). Enabling the economics of African languages in language policies of South Africa and Zimbabwe. African Journal of Inter/Multidisciplinary Studies, 6(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.51415/ajims.v6i1.1351 Torraco, R. J. (2016). Writing integrative literature reviews: Using the past and present to explore the future. Human Resource Development Review, 15(4), 404 − 428. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484316671606 Tyler, R. (2021). Book review: Decolonising multilingualism in Africa: Recentering silenced voices from the global South by Finex Ndhlovu and Leketi Makalela. Multilingual Margins, 8(1), 51–54. Veronelli, Gabriela A. (2015). The coloniality of language: Race, expressivity, power, and the darker side of modernity. Wagadu: A Journal of Transnational Women's & Gender Studies,13(1), 108−134. Yafele, S. (2021). Translanguaging for academic reading at a South African university. Southern African Linguistics and Applied Language Studies, 39(4), 404–424. https://doi.org/10.2989/16073614.2021.1981767 Zungu, T. G. (2021). Intellectualisation of isiZulu at the University of KwaZulu-Natal through the development of isiZulu terminology and the implementation of the doctoral rule. Alternation Interdisciplinary Journal for the Study of the Arts and Humanities in Southern Africa, SE38b (2021), 637−657. https://doi.org/10.29086/2519-5476/2021/sp38a27
Konfrontasi and Regional Stability in Southeast Asia (1963–1966): A Systematic Review of Political, Military, and Diplomatic Dimensions
The Indonesia-Malaysia Confrontation, which occurred from 1963 to 1966 and is also known as Konfrontasi, marked a pivotal moment in Southeast Asia’s postcolonial development, shaped by ideological rivalry, regional insecurity, and Cold War geopolitics. Initiated by Indonesia’s opposition to Malaysia's formation, the conflict unfolded through nationalist propaganda, cross-border military operations in Borneo, and strategic diplomatic maneuvering by both regional and international actors. While existing scholarship has examined Konfrontasi through various disciplinary lenses, comprehensive synthesis remains limited. This study undertakes a systematic literature review to integrate key academic perspectives on the political, military, and diplomatic dimensions of Konfrontasi, with particular emphasis on its impact on regional stability and state formation. We sourced relevant literature from 1960 to 2025 from JSTOR, SAGE Journals, Taylor and Francis, and Google Scholar, utilising the PRISMA methodology. Six methodologically robust studies were identified and appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). These works address interlinked themes including British counterinsurgency doctrine, Cold War alignments, Indonesian nationalist rhetoric, Australian military engagement via the Anglo-Malayan Defence Agreement (AMDA), civilian-led resistance in the Sarawak and Sabah borderlands, and elite diplomacy culminating in the 1966 Bangkok Accord. The findings demonstrate that while Konfrontasi strained bilateral relations and destabilised the region, it paradoxically contributed to the emergence of institutional regionalism, most notably through the founding of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967. The conflict’s legacy endures in the diplomatic architecture of Southeast Asia, reinforcing principles of noninterference, regional consensus, and multilateral security cooperation. References Abdul Halim, N. H., & Mohd Nor, N. A. (2020). Cold War Politics and the Establishment of ASEAN: A Historical Analysis. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 17(5), https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2020.1705. Acharya, A. (2009). Constructing a security community in Southeast Asia: ASEAN and the problem of regional order. Routledge. Ali, A. R. M. (2024). Konfrontasi Indonesia–Malaysia (1963-1966) Persengketaan Dua Negara Serumpun [Confrontation Between Malaysia and Indonesia (1963-1966) The Feud of Two Allied Countries]. BITARA International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences(1), 92-103. https://bitarajournal.com/index.php/bitarajournal/article/view/462/418 Mad Ali, M., & Abang, A. R. (2023). Bantuan Australia Terhadap Malaysia Semasa Konfrontasi Indonesia, 1963-1966. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(3), 334-342. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2003.29 Budiawan, B. (2012). Sibling tension and negotiation; Malay (sian) writer-political activists’ links and orientation to Indonesia. In Heirs to world culture; Being Indonesian 1950-1965 (pp. 143-162). KITLV Press. Clutterbuck, R. (2019). Conflict and violence in Singapore and Malaysia, 1945-1983. Routledge. D'Souza, R. (2010). Introduction to the special issue: Postcolonialism, realism, and critical realism. Journal of Critical Realism, 9(3), 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1558/jcr.v9i3.263 De Viana, A. V. (2017). The dream of Malayan unity: President Macapagal and the Maphilind. 24(1). Sejarah. https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol24no1.4 Fortuna, A. D. (1994). Indonesia in ASEAN: Foreign policy and regionalism. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies. Mackie, J. A. C. (1974). Konfrontasi: The Indonesia–Malaysia dispute, 1963–1966. Oxford University Press for the Australian Institute of International Affairs. Ministry of Internal Security Malaysia. (1964). Indonesian intentions towards Malaysia. Government Printing Office. Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., ... & Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ, 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71. Paul, J., & Barari, M. (2022). Meta‐analysis and traditional systematic literature reviews—what, why, when, where, and how? Psychology & Marketing, 39(6), 1099–1115. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar. 21657 Poulgrain, G. J. (2014). The genesis of konfrontasi: Malaysia, Brunei, and Indonesia, 1945-1965. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre. Purnomo, A., & Kurniawan, G. F. (2025). Rereading the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, 1962–1966: Pros and cons of students in Indonesia’s history learning. Qualitative Research in Education, 14(1), 20–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/qre.15555 Ricklefs, M. C. (2008). A history of modern Indonesia since c.1200 (4th ed.). Palgrave Macmillan. Sodhy, P. (1988). Malaysian–American Relations during Indonesia's Confrontation against Malaysia, 1963–66. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 19(1), 111-136. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022463400000369 Subritzky, J. (2000). Confronting Sukarno: British, American, Australian and New Zealand diplomacy in the Malaysian-Indonesian confrontation, 1961–5. Macmillan Press. Hong, Q. N., Fàbregues, S., Bartlett, G., et al. (2018). Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT) Version 2018 – User guide. McGill University. Thomas, J., & Harden, A. (2008). Methods for the thematic synthesis of qualitative research. BMC Medical Research Methodology, 8, 45. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-8-45 The Straits Times. (1961, May 29). Mighty ‘Malaysia’. NewspaperSG. A1, A4. The Straits Times. (1963, January 22). Subandrio’s speech direct attack: Tengku. NewspaperSG. A1, A4. The Straits Times. (1966, August 18). Odd echo. NewspaperSG. A1, A4. Tranfield, D., Denyer, D., & Smart, P. (2003). Towards a methodology for developing evidence-informed management knowledge by means of systematic review. British Journal of Management, 14(3), 207–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8551.00375 Tuck, C. (2004). Borneo 1963-66: Counter-insurgency operations and war termination. Small Wars & Insurgencies, 15(3), 89-111. https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344515599556 Tuck, C. (2016). Confrontation, strategy and war termination: Britain's conflict with Indonesia. Routledge. Tuck, C. (2017). ‘Winning While Losing’: Borneo Headquarters and the End of Confrontation, June–November 1966. War in History, 24(1), 87-109. https://doi.org/10.1177/09683445155995 Tuck, C. (2021). Managing Military Withdrawal: The British Departure from East Malaysia, 1966–1967. The Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History, 49(2), 312-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2020.1848033 Yaakop, M. R. (2010). The Indonesian Confrontation: Political and Military Magnitudes. Available at SSRN 1690607 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1690607
Analisis Faktor Penerokaan Terhadap Halangan dan Efikasi Kendiri Guru Lelaki dalam Pendidikan Awal Kanak-Kanak: Kajian Rintis di Malaysia (Exploratory Factor Analysis of Barriers and Self-Efficacy among Male Teachers in Early Childhood Education: A Pilot Study in Malaysia)
Kajian ini merupakan kajian rintis bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti struktur faktor yang mendasari halangan gender dan efikasi kendiri dalam kalangan guru lelaki prasekolah di Malaysia. Isu kekurangan penyertaan guru lelaki dalam pendidikan awal kanak-kanak sering dikaitkan dengan stereotaip sosial, norma budaya, dan tekanan maskuliniti yang boleh menjejaskan keyakinan profesional mereka. Seramai 100 orang guru lelaki prasekolah telah terlibat dalam kajian rintis ini melalui penggunaan dua instrumen yang telah diadaptasi dan disahkan kandungannya, iaitu Male Primary Teacher Gender Challenge Inventory (MPTGCI) dan Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) versi pendek. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) dengan pendekatan Principal Component Analysis dan putaran varimax. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa konstruk halangan guru terdiri daripada dua faktor utama, manakala efikasi kendiri terbentuk melalui tiga dimensi iaitu pengurusan bilik darjah, penglibatan murid, dan strategi pengajaran. Kesemua konstruk mencatat nilai Cronbach’s alpha melebihi 0.80, menandakan kebolehpercayaan dalaman yang tinggi. Kajian ini mengukuhkan keperluan penyesuaian instrumen psikometrik berdasarkan konteks budaya tempatan dan menyarankan supaya analisis lanjut seperti Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) dijalankan bagi mengesahkan model yang diperoleh. Implikasinya, kajian ini menyediakan asas empirikal untuk memahami cabaran serta kekuatan guru lelaki dalam pendidikan awal, seterusnya menyokong dasar pengambilan dan latihan yang lebih bersifat inklusif. Abstract: This pilot study aims to identify the factor structure underlying gender-related barriers and self-efficacy among male preschool teachers in Malaysia. The underrepresentation of male teachers in early childhood education is often associated with social stereotypes, cultural norms, and masculinity pressures, which can negatively affect their professional confidence. A total of 100 male preschool teachers participated in this pilot study using two adapted and content-validated instruments: the Male Primary Teacher Gender Challenge Inventory (MPTGCI) and the short version of the Teacher Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES). Data were analyzed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) with Principal Component Analysis and varimax rotation. The findings revealed that the gender barrier construct comprised two main factors, while self-efficacy was represented by three dimensions: classroom management, student engagement, and instructional strategies. All constructs recorded Cronbach’s alpha values exceeding 0.80, indicating high internal reliability. This study highlights the importance of culturally contextualized psychometric adaptation and recommends further validation through Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The findings offer an empirical foundation for understanding the challenges and strengths of male teachers in early childhood education and support the development of more inclusive recruitment and training policies. References Abd Aziz, Z. A., & Mohamed, S. (2021). Persepsi guru prasekolah terhadap kualiti pengajaran pendidikan awal kanak-kanak. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(1), 572–580. https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/jdpd/article/view/12951 Ahmad, J., Al-Zboon, E., Alkhawaldeh, M., & Al Khatib, A. J. (2018). Jordanian Mothers’ and Female Preschool Teachers’ Perceptions of Men Working in Preschools: The Journal of Men’s Studies, 26(1), 77–91. https://doi.org/10.1177/1060826517729507 Awang, Z. (2010). Research methodology for business and social sciences. Universiti Teknologi MARA Awang, Z. (2018). 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A Systematic Literature Review on the Role of E-Learning in Enhancing Environmental Literacy Among Primary School Students
This systematic literature review explores how e-learning can enhance environmental literacy among primary school students. Environmental literacy is crucial in helping young learners understand ecological issues and adopt sustainable behaviours. However, traditional teaching methods often lack the engagement needed for effective environmental education. This study examines how digital learning tools and platforms address these limitations. A comprehensive search of recent academic literature was conducted using Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC databases. Following the PRISMA framework, 32 studies were systematically selected and analysed. Thematic synthesis was employed to extract patterns and insights from the reviewed literature. The findings were synthesised into three main themes: (1) Integration of e-learning and technology in environmental and STEM education, (2) Student engagement and effectiveness of online learning, and (3) Pedagogical approaches and challenges in distance education. The results revealed that e-learning tools positively influence students’ environmental literacy. Students using digital platforms showed an average 25% improvement in knowledge retention and application of environmental concepts. These findings indicate that e-learning not only enhances motivation but also facilitates a deeper understanding of complex environmental topics. This suggests that integrating technology into primary education is a valuable strategy for cultivating environmentally responsible future generations. References : Abdul Razak, N. A.; Zulkifli, M. A.; Rosli, R. (2020). Augmented reality in Malaysian STEM education: A systematic review. 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Technovation, 26(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.technovation.2004.07.002 Kuruppuarachchi, J., Sayakkarage, V., & Madurapperuma, B. (2021). Environmental literacy level comparison of undergraduates in the conventional and odls universities in sri lanka. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031056 Kwon, Y.; Ahn, H. (2021). Learning analytics in online learning environments: A systematic literature review. Sustainability, 13(2), 456. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13020456 Lameras, P.; Arnab, S.; Dunwell, I.; Stewart, C.; Clarke, S.; Petridis, P. (2017). Essential features of serious games design in higher education: Linking learning attributes to game mechanics. British Journal of Educational Technology, 48(4), 972–994. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12467 Lau, K. W. (2023). Learning game innovations in immersive game environments: a factor analytic study of students’ learning inventory in virtual reality. 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A systematic literature review to identify evidence-based principles to improve online environmental education. Environmental Education Research, 28(5), 674–694. https://doi.org/10.1080/13504622.2022.2032610 Nikpeyma, N., Zolfaghari, M., & Mohammadi, A. (2021). Barriers and facilitators of using mobile devices as an educational tool by nursing students: a qualitative research. BMC Nursing, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12912-021-00750-9 Norazah, N.; Rosnaini, M.; Arif, I. M. (2020). Application of gamification in STEM education: A review. Journal of Research, Policy & Practice of Teachers and Teacher Education (JRPPTTE), 10(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.37134/jrpptte.vol10.2.1.2020 Nordin, N.; Norman, H.; Embi, M. A. (2015). Technology integration in the 21st-century classroom: Teachers’ perspectives. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 5(11), 841–846. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJIET.2015.V5.643 Nurulita, M. F.; Putut, F.; H. B., M. (2022). The problem-based e-module as learning supplement to improve students’ learning outcomes. Jurnal Biologi Edukasi. Othman, N.; Salleh, N. M.; Sulaiman, N. L. (2013). Contextual teaching and learning approach to teaching writing: Secondary school students’ perceptions. International Journal of Learning and Development, 3(5), 26–42. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijld.v3i5.3981 Pérez-López, D., & Contero, M. (2013). Delivering educational multimedia contents through an augmented reality application: A case study on its impact on knowledge acquisition and retention. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 12(4), 19–28. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1018163 Potkonjak, V.; Gardner, M.; Callaghan, V.; Mattila, P.; Guetl, C.; Petrović, V. M.; Jovanović, K. (2016). Virtual laboratories for education in science, technology, and engineering: A review. Computers & Education, 95, 309–327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2016.02.002 Pulido, C. M.; Redondo-Sama, G.; Sorde-Marti, T.; Flecha, R. (2018). Social impact in social media: A new method to evaluate the social impact of research. PLoS ONE, 13(8), e0203117. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0203117 Rashid, N., Mod Asri, N., Abdullah Al-Hadi, A., & Chamhuri, N. (2024). Persepsi pelajar terhadap pelaksanaan gamifikasi di luar kampus [Students’ perceptions towards implementation of gamification outside the campus]. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2101.10 Rosdiana, R.; Suratno, T.; Prasetyo, Z. K. (2022). The development of STEM-based e-module using mobile applications to improve students’ creative thinking skills. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 2193(1), 012025. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2193/1/012025 Sahin, A.; Ayar, M. C.; Adiguzel, T. (2014). STEM related after-school program activities and associated outcomes on student learning. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 14(1), 309–322. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2014.1.1876 Shieh, R. S.; Chang, W.; Tang, Y. (2010). The impact of problem-based learning strategies on STEM knowledge integration and attitudes: An exploratory study among female high school students. International Journal of Science Education, 32(18), 2407–2425. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500690903585271 Sidek, S. M.; Idris, M. Z.; Hassan, M. S.; Hadi, A. R. A.; Ariffin, S. A. (2021). The effectiveness of gamification-based STEM module in enhancing secondary school students’ achievement and motivation. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1793(1), 012050. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1793/1/012050 Subandowo, S.; Wijaya, H.; Sayektiningsih, T. (2021). Mobile applications-based learning media for sustainable development: A case study on improving student learning outcomes in elementary schools. Sustainability, 13(15), 8646. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13158646 Suryawati, E.; Osman, K. (2018). Contextual learning: Innovative approach towards the development of students’ scientific attitude and natural science performance. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(1), 61–76. https://doi.org/10.12973/ejmste/79329 Syed, N. A.; Aziz, N. A. A.; Hassan, H. (2021). Students' perception of gamification approach in STEM learning. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1982(1), 012042. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1982/1/012042 Talan, T. (2021). The effect of digital learning tools on student achievement in STEM education: A meta-analysis study. Participatory Educational Research, 8(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.17275/per.21.31.8.2 Tan, M.; Ang, L. H. (2016). Improving science learning through the use of mobile technology in Malaysian secondary schools. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Technology, 4(2), 54–67. Thibaut, L., Ceuppens, S., De Loof, H., De Meester, J., Goovaerts, L., Struyf, A., Boeve-de Pauw, J., & Van Petegem, P. (2018). Integrated STEM education: A systematic review of instructional practices in secondary education. European Journal of STEM Education, 3(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.20897/ejsteme/85525 Tien, N. H.; Anh, D. B. H.; Phong, L. M. (2019). Enhancing student engagement in STEM education through interactive gamification. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 14(24), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i24.11769 Tuckel, P., & Pok-Carabalona, K. (2023). Student Attitudes Towards Distance Learning at a Large Urban Public College. Online Learning Journal, 27(2), 94–118. https://doi.org/10.24059/olj.v27i2.3277 Wangid, M. N., Putra, C. A., & Rudyanto, H. E. (2021). The Science-Math Stories Based on Digital Learning: Digital Literacy Innovation in Increasing Ability to Solve Problems. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 16(9), 94–107. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i09.22039 Wojciechowski, R.; Cellary, W. (2013). Evaluation of learners’ attitude toward learning in AR-based educational environment. Computers & Education, 68, 570–585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2013.02.014 Wu, E.; Cheng, J. Q.; Zhang, J. B. (2020). Study on the environmental education demand and environmental literacy assessment of citizens in sustainable urban construction in Beijing. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12010241 Yahaya, W. A. J. W.; Hashim, N. H.; Tan, K. E.; Al-Qadri, M. A. (2021). The use of mobile learning applications among university students during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1982(1), 012048. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1982/1/012048 Ye, J.-H., Lee, Y.-S., & He, Z. (2022). The Relationship Among Expectancy Belief, Course Satisfaction, Learning Effectiveness, and Continuance Intention in Online Courses of Vocational-Technical Teachers College Students. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.904319 Yildirim, C.; Kiraz, E. (2020). Investigating middle school students' perceptions of STEM: Development of STEM perception scale. International Journal of Research in Education and Science (IJRES), 6(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.v6i1.644 Yusof, S. A. M.; Rahman, M. J. A.; Jalil, H. A. (2020). Mobile augmented reality for STEM education: A systematic review. Journal of Technology and Science Education, 10(2), 162–178. https://doi.org/10.3926/jotse.938 Zou, Y., Shen, L., & Dadparvar, S. (2022). The Influence of E-learning Behavior on Students’ Learning Performance of Disaster Emergency Knowledge. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 17(1), 49–59. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v17i01.28475
Indigenous Music as Moral Pedagogy: A Study of Cultural Transmission in South African Folklore
This study investigates the significance of indigenous music in African folklore as a vehicle for transferring cultural norms and values to African children, with a particular emphasis on its impact on moral and social development. The study's goal is to look at how traditional music genres, including lullabies, folk songs, chants, and storytelling, might serve as informal educational platforms for African children, shaping their ethical conduct, identity, and communal values. The study employs a qualitative research methodology, including ethnographic fieldwork, interviews with elders, cultural custodians, and educators, and an analysis of select indigenous songs from three African communities. Audio recordings and transcriptions of traditional music performances are studied thematically to reveal hidden messages and cultural values. The research is based on Social Learning Theory and Afrocentric Theory, both of which emphasize learning by observation, engagement, and conformity with African worldviews. These frameworks help us understand how children internalize moral norms and social expectations through cultural exposure. The findings show that indigenous music is still an effective cultural channel for promoting values like respect, communal living, honesty, and accountability. However, modernization, urbanization, and the impact of Western media all contribute to a fall in its use, according to the study. This study adds to scholarship by integrating musicology, education, and cultural studies to highlight the instructional potential of traditional music. It advocates incorporating indigenous music into formal education curricula and community-based learning activities to promote cultural preservation and moral growth. References Achieng’Akuno, E. (2019). Music education in Africa: Concept, process, and practice. Routledge. Adongo, E. (2020). Pedagogical strategies for developing musician’s understanding of styles and conceptual knowledge of contemporary African choral music. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Florida]. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing. Retrieved from https://www.proquest.com/openview/e4056294e093a1ae72018ee2edbc1340/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y#:~:text=The%20educators%20combined%20classical%20singing,strategies%20for%20African%20choral%20music Agawu, K. (2016). The African Imagination in Music. Oxford University Press. Akinyemi, A., & Falola, T. (Eds.). (2021). The Palgrave handbook of African oral traditions and folklore. Springer International Publishing. Alhazmi, A. A., & Kaufmann, A. (2022). Phenomenological qualitative methods applied to the analysis of cross-cultural experience in novel educational social contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.785134. Antones-Dlamini, R. T. (2017). The societal voice in Swazi children's oral poetry. [Doctoral dissertation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa]. Retrieved from https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/e28322ea-2a2c-4d28-a5b1-3ec823f2a1e4/content Bakri, M. A. M., Surip, S. S., Sabran, K., & Rawi, N. F. M. (2021). Empowering traditional heritage through angklung musical instruments: A case study in Malaysia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(3), 52–66. Retrieved from https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/47881/11869 Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social Learning Theory. Prentice Hall. https://www.asecib.ase.ro/mps/Bandura_SocialLearningTheory.pdf Bianco, V. M. (2020). The role of music in the lives of adolescent learners [Master's thesis, University of Malta]). Retrieved from https://www.um.edu.mt/library/oar Bogdan, D. (2003). Musical spirituality: Reflections on identity and the ethics of embodied aesthetic experience in/and the academy. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 37(2), 80–98. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ790234 Bolaji, D. (2021). Nigerian art music and human capital development: The unsung contributions of Arugha Aboyowa Ogisi. In A. Oikelome & C. Aluede (Eds). Contemporary Dimensions in Nigerian Music: A Festschrift for Arugha Aboyowa Ogisi, 37-52. Malthouse Press. Retrieved from https://muse.jhu.edu/book/114001 Campbell, P. S. (2002). The musical cultures of children. In L. Bresler & C. M. Thompson (Eds). The arts in children’s lives: Context, culture, and curriculum, pp. 57–69. Springer. Cochrane, S., & Soulard, G. (2024). Vision to hope for the house of riches? In M. Royer, N. Segeral & L. Vuong (Eds). Francophone Oceania Today: Literature, Visual Arts, Music, and Cinema. Liverpool University Press. Dlamini-Myeni, B., & Mbokazi, S. D. (2024). Ubuciko bomlomo: Wedding songs as an effective means of communication and education among the Zulu people. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(1), 411–426. htpps://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2101.35. Finnegan, R. (2012). Music, experience, and the anthropology of emotion. In M. Clayton, T. Herbert & R. Middleton (Eds). The Cultural Study of Music: A Critical Introduction. USA: Routledge, 181–192. Golestan, F. (2022). A comparative study of Sa'adi Shirazi's view of education and Albert Bandura's social learning theory. [Doctoral Dissertation Charles University, Prague, Cheque Republic]. Grant, C. (2011). Key factors in the sustainability of languages and music: A comparative study. Musicology Australia, 33(1), 95–113.https://doi.org/10.1080/08145857.2011.576648. Ismaila, M. (2022). Indigenous performance and modernity: Investigating the vitality of play and work songs of the Dagaaba community in Northwestern Ghana as verbal art performance. [Doctoral Dissertation, Stellenbosch University, South Africa]). https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/91451a96-b32e-4c66-b502-a1313d4f837d/content Izu, B. O. (2024). The impact of oral traditions on African indigenous musical practices: A systematic literature review. Journal of Arts and Cultural Studies (ACS), 3(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.23112/acs24110401. Kim, E. J. (2023). One-mile-wide, one-inch-deep: A case study of the Indigenization of global Pentecostal worship in a Yoruba context. [Doctoral Dissertation, Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, United States]. Liu, J., Chen, Y., & Huang, S. (2024). Exploring the sociocultural influence of music traditions across different cultures. SHS Web of Conferences, 187, 02008. EDP Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202418702008 Livermon, X. (2020). Kwaito bodies: Remastering space and subjectivity in post-apartheid South Africa. Duke University Press. https://doi.org/10.1215/9781478007357 Lwao, C. (2022). An investigation of the view that the Chisungu rite has nothing positive to offer to the Bemba culture: A case of Shibwalya Kapila Chiefdom. [(Master Dissertation, University of Zambia]. Retrieved from https://dspace.unza.zm/server/api/core/bitstreams/d4e9c29f-2f82-421c-8613-f2aca5beffee/content Mammel, K. A., & Kaplan, D. W. (1995). Research consent by adolescent minors and institutional review boards. Journal of Adolescent Health, 17(5), 323–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/1054-139x(95)00176-s. Mkhombo, S. M. (2019). The status of indigenous music in the South African school curriculum with special reference to IsiZulu. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa] Retrieved from https://uir.unisa.ac.za/bitstream/handle/10500/25896/thesis_Mkhombo_sm.pdf Motsoeneng, T. T. (2020). Mental health of adolescents heading households in Mpumalanga, Gert Sibande District: Associated risk and resilience factors. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Johannesburg, South Africa] Retrieved from https://ujcontent.uj.ac.za/esploro/outputs/graduate/Mental-health-of-adolescents-heading-households/9944905907691 Mukela, R. M. (2022). Indigenous musical play games as cultural resources for the cognitive development promotion in Zambian children: The case of Western Province. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Zambia]. Retrieved from https://dspace.unza.zm/server/api/core/bitstreams/ea3d64f5-c55f-47f0-ba1f-19ba089ddee8/content Myeni, G. B. (2019). An analysis of contemporary IsiZulu performance poetry. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa]. Retrieved from https://researchspace.ukzn.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/de83d490-923d-46a4-978e-d74a1c81170a/content Ngubane, S. E. (2023). The Influence of Islam on the Zulu Indigenous Worldview. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Pretoria, South Africa]. Retrieved from https://repository.up.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/9c22ae26-f0fe-438e-8b73-91930c05d040/content Nhamo, M. (2022). Makwaya musical compositions by the Nemamwa people of South-Eastern Zimbabwe: An Afro-centric musicological approach. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Venda, South Africa]. Retrieved from https://univendspace.univen.ac.za/items/f9105809-012e-49b6-83b7-02c20d2d55db Nikkanen, H. M., & Westerlund, H. (2017). More than just music: Reconsidering the educational value of music in school rituals. Philosophy of Music Education Review, 25(2), 112–127. https://doi.org/10.2979/PHILMUSIEDUCREVI.25.2.02 Nzewi, M. (2019a). Pertinent concepts for advancing indigenous epistemological integrity for African musical arts education. In Akuno, E. A. (Ed.). Music education in Africa, 76–91. Routledge. Nzewi, M. (2019b). Music assessment policy in Africa. In Brophy. T. S. (ed). The Oxford Handbook of Assessment Policy and Practice in Music Education, 1, Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190248093.001.0001 Obeng, A. A. (2020). Development and Effects of Music Education at the Presbyterian College of Education, Akropong-Akuapem. [Doctoral Dissertation, University of Education, Winneba, Ghana]. Retrieved from https://ir.uew.edu.gh/bitstream/handle/123456789/3318/Development%20and%20effects%20of%20music%20education%20on%20the%20Presbyterian%20college%20of%20education%2C%20Akropong-%20Akuapem.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y ( Ojo, T. O. (2023). Influence of Global Music on Moral and Cultural Behaviours among Nigerian Youths. International Journal of Humanities, Literature and Art Research, 2(1), 61-70. Retrieved from https://mediterraneanpublications.com/mejhlar/article/view/206/282 Owiny, S. A. (2017). Adult education as a strategy to engage people-centred social development in Uganda and Tanzania. ([Doctoral Dissertation, Pennsylvania State University, United States]). Retrieved from https://etda.libraries.psu.edu/catalog/13711san17. Pace, I. (2020). Ethnographic Approaches to the Study of Western Art Music: Questions of Context, Realism, Evidence, Description and Analysis. In Wiley, C. & Pace, I. (Eds.), Researching and Writing on Contemporary Art and Artists: Challenges, Practices, and Complexities. Palgrave Macmillan.
The Bombing of Sino-Italian National Aircraft Works (SINAW) in Nanchang －The End of Relations between Italy and the Kuomintang (KMT)
In the 1930s, the Chinese Nationalist government engaged in strategic military cooperation with Fascist Italy, focusing primarily on aviation. This collaboration culminated in the creation of the Sino-Italian National Aircraft Works (SINAW). However, the partnership was abruptly severed in August 1937 when Japan, following its full-scale invasion of China, launched targeted airstrikes on SINAW facilities. The bombing significantly impacted the Nationalist government’s politics, diplomacy and military and changed the international political landscape before World War II. The present interdisciplinary study, grounded in historical documentation, archival sources, and theoretical frameworks from international relations, military history, and strategic studies, involved a qualitative analysis to elucidate the strategic rationale behind the Japanese bombing campaign and its geopolitical consequences. It was found that the bombing was intended to sever Sino-Italian cooperation, consolidate Japan’s air dominance by crippling China’s air force, pressure Italy to abandon China in favour of the Japan-Italy alliance. The Japanese bombing had significant consequences for the Chinese Nationalist government. It deepened distrust toward fascist states, led to policy adjustments domestically and internationally, and accelerated the formation of the Second United Front with the Communists. Globally, it contributed to shifts in power dynamics between fascist and anti-fascist forces. Italy fully aligned with Japan, while the Nationalist government adopted a more confrontational stance against Japanese aggression, helping to foster the development of an international anti-fascist coalition. The present study provides a fresh perspective on pre–World War II diplomacy and offers insight into the imperialist dynamics shaping international relations at the time. References Academia Historica of Taipei. (1935). A letter of the Central Political Conference and other agencies to request the League of Nations to provide the sanction measures against Italy and the report on their implementations by member states [Unpublished archival record]. Nationalist Government (Fonds No. 001063000001). Bai, C. (2003). Chiang Kai-shek and the spread of fascism in China (1931–1937). Seeker (Qiu Suo). Cai, Z. (2019). The start and end of diplomatic relations between the Chinese government and Italy (1937–1941). The Journal of Studies of China’s Resistance War Against Japan, 3, 81. Chen, H. M. (2015). Archives and historical materials of Sino-Italian relations during the Republic of China: A case study on Chen Gongbo’s visit to Italy in 1938 [Unpublished report]. Research Center for Chiang Kai-shek and Modern China, Zhejiang University. Douhet, G. (2005). The command of the air. inY. F. Cao & R. J. Hua, (Trans.). People's Liberation Army Press. (Original work published 1921). ISBN: 978-7-5065-1682-2 Ferretti, V. (2007). The Italian Fascist government and the Xi’an incident (M. Luo, Trans.). Modern Chinese Studies, 2, 107. Gao, X. X. (1992). Flight path of the Republic of China Air Force (pp. 245–246). In Committee of Cultural and Historical Data of Jiangsu Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference (Ed.), Haichao Press. Gerarchia. (1934). Gerarchia: Rivista mensile della rivoluzione fascista [Hierarchy: Monthly magazine of the fascist revolution]. Guido, S. (1993). Japanese aggression of China and Sino-Japan relations (Z. D. Ma, Trans.). Archives of the Republic of China, 62. Guido, S. (1994). Rome’s military assistance to the Nanjing government and Jiang Baili’s trip to Italy. Neighbors (Japanese), 26, 165. Lasagni, I. (2019). La nuova Italia di Mussolini in Cina (1927-1934). Edizioni Studium. Li, R. (2017, July). The process of the Red Army's reorganization into the Eighth Route Army. Century Style, 2017 (7). Li, X. (2014). The founding reasons and functions of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(3), 310. Li, X. (2024). The founding reasons and functions of the National Political Consultative Conference. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21 (3), 313. Liu, J. P. (2014). Research on the Nationalist Government’s strengthening of air force before the Chinese People’s War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression (1931–1937) [Doctoral dissertation, Nanjing University]. Ma, Z. D. (2006). Stefani’s visit to China and Sino-Italian relations. Archives of the Republic of China, Historical Theory, 78. Ouyang, J. (2015). Planning, construction and architectural heritage of the Sino-Italian aircraft factory during China’s Republican era. Heritage Observation, 3(10), 118. Selected important literature after establishment of CPC (Book 14). (2011). Central Party Literature Press. Xin, M. L. (2021). Economic cooperation plan between Italy and China in the early 1930s. World History, 4, 37-38. Zhao, Y. (n.d.). A study on the role of Chinese air force in the early stage of total resistance against Japanese aggression (July 7, 1937 to November 1937) [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Zhang, X. Y. (2009). The delay of China’s early modernization by Japanese invasion [Master’s thesis, Qufu Normal University].
Penglibatan Kegiatan Jenayah Warganegara Afrika di Malaysia: Satu Tinjauan Literatur (The Involvement of African Nationals in Criminal Activities in Malaysia: A Literature Review)
Isu kehadiran serta lambakan warganegara Afrika di Malaysia telah mula menjadi tumpuan di peringkat komuniti masyarakat, media massa dan pentadbiran kerajaan Malaysia. Peningkatan kehadiran warganegara Afrika di Malaysia mula mencetuskan pelbagai reaksi bukan sahaja kepada rakyat tempatan malah kerajaan Malaysia memandangkan ia mewujudkan ancaman terhadap aspek keselamatan insan serta menganggu ketenteraman awam. Meskipun kehadiran mereka ke negara ini adalah secara sah di sisi undang-undang imigresen Malaysia, namun peningkatan jumlah warganegara Afrika di negara ini menimbulkan banyak persoalan khususnya berkaitan aktiviti serta tujuan sebenar mereka ke negara ini. Terdapat insiden di mana segelintir warganegara Afrika ini tinggal lebih tempoh visa di negara ini hingga membabitkan diri dengan pelbagai kegiatan jenayah dan tidak bermoral. Justeru, kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti jenis kegiatan jenayah yang dilakukan segelintir warganegara Afrika di Malaysia melalui tinjuan literatur. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kualitatif dan analisis kandungan terhadap sumber data sekunder yang merujuk kepada penerbitan buku ilmiah, tesis akademik, artikel jurnal serta kenyataan dan dokumen rasmi kerajaan yang berkaitan dengan isu ini. Konsep keselamatan insan turut digunapakai untuk menjelaskan isu yang dikaji. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kebanyakan warganegara Afrika di Malaysia terlibat dengan pelbagai kegiatan jenayah antaranya adalah pelanggaran undang-undang berkaitan imigresen, jenayah berkaitan dadah, pemerdagangan manusia, gangguan ketenteraman awam serta beberapa kes-kes penipuan. Kajian ini mencadangkan penyelidikan lanjutan berbentuk kajian empirikal bagi menilai faktor kehadiran serta implikasi isu ini terhadap keselamatan insan di Malaysia. Abstract: The issue of the presence and influx of African nationals in Malaysia has increasingly garnered attention among the local community, the media and the Malaysian government. The growing number of Africans in the country has sparked various reactions, not only among Malaysians but also from the authorities, as their presence is perceived as a threat to human security and public order. Although their entry into the country is legal under Malaysian immigration law, the rising number of African migrants has raised many questions, particularly regarding their actual intention and activities. There have been incidents involving certain Africans overstaying their visas, subsequently engaging in criminal and immoral activities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the types of criminal activities committed by a segment of Africans in Malaysia through literature review. This research adopts a qualitative approach and applies content analysis of secondary sources, including scholarly books, academic theses, journal articles, and government documents related to the issue. The concept of human security is applied to frame the analysis. The findings indicate that a significant number of African nationals in Malaysia are involved in various forms of criminal activity, including immigration offences, drug-related crimes, human trafficking, public disturbances and several cases of fraud. This study recommends conducting further empirical research to examine the underlying factors contributing to the presence of Africans nationals in Malaysia and the implications of this issue on human security in the country References Abadi, H.G. (2019). Causes and Impact of Emigration of Africans to Europe. [Master’s dissertation, Graduate School Of Social Sciences (International Relations Program), Near East University]. Abdul Latiff Ahmad & Mala Kumar. (2017). 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Challenges and Coping Strategies of Malaysian Untrained EFL Orang Asli Preschool Teachers
This study addresses the pressing challenges faced by untrained Orang Asli preschool teachers in rural Perak, Malaysia, as they deliver English as a foreign language in resource-constrained educational settings. The primary objective is to explore the key barriers these teachers encounter and the coping strategies they employ to navigate such challenges, thereby gaining a more profoun insight into their instructional realities. Using a qualitative case study approach, data were gathered through semi-structured focus group discussions involving twelve untrained teachers from five Orang Asli preschools. The analysis reveals that limited English proficiency, absence of formal pedagogical training, insufficient teaching materials and infrastructure, as well as sociocultural resistance within the community, constitute significant impediments to effective English language instruction. Despite these multifaceted obstacles, the teachers demonstrate commendable resilience and agency by actively engaging in peer collaboration, forming informal support networks, and creatively improvising with available resources to facilitate early language learning. These adaptive strategies illuminate their ability to respond pragmatically to systemic educational inequities and acute resource limitations. The findings underscore an urgent need for culturally responsive professional development programmes, context-specific and culturally relevant teaching materials, and comprehensive systemic support services co-designed with Orang Asli communities. By foregrounding the lived experiences and voices of untrained Orang Asli preschool teachers, this research advances understanding of Indigenous educational equity and offers practical, actionable recommendations for educational policy and practice aimed at reducing long-standing disparities within Indigenous communities. References Ab Aziz, A. A., Said, N., Pudin, C. S., & Kamlun, K. (2021). Teachers’ sense of self-efficacy: A study of English teachers in Malaysian Rural Schools. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counselling, 6(43), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijepc.643001 Adams, R., & Farnsworth, M. (2020). Culturally responsive teacher education for rural and Native Communities. Multicultural Perspectives, 22(2), 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1080/15210960.2020.1741367 Aziz, N. A., & Abdullah, N. (2019). Challenges in English language teaching in rural Malaysian schools: A review. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 7(2), 45-52. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.7n.2p.45 Bakar, N. A., Subramaniam, G., & Ghazali, N. H. (2021). Peer collaboration as a coping strategy among rural teachers in Malaysia. Journal of Teacher Education and Educators, 10(1), 23-40. Behak, F. P., Saad, N. S. M., Darmi, R., & Selamat, S. (2020). Kisah wira tidak di dendang: Cabaran dan usaha guru-guru Bahasa Inggeris di sebuah sekolah kebangsaan Orang Asli di Malaysia [Stories of unsung heroes: Challenges and efforts of English language teachers at an indigenous school in Malaysia]. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 10(2), 1–18. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Carrete-Marín, N., & Domingo-Peñafiel, L. (2022). Textbooks and teaching materials in rural schools: A systematic review. Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal, 12(2), 67–94. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.1288 Cummins, J. (2017). Language, power, and pedagogy: Bilingual children in the crossfire (2nd ed.). Multilingual Matters. Damavandi, M., & Roshdi, M. (2013). The effects of limited language exposure on English language acquisition. International Journal of Language Learning and Applied Linguistics World, 4(3), 1–8. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2017). Effective teacher professional development. Learning Policy Institute. https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/effective-teacher-professional-development-report Donald, K. H., & Hashim, H. (2025). Exploring digital education: Experiential insights of ESL teachers in rural Malaysian schools. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9(3), 936–951. https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.903sedu0067 Dunstan, T. F., & Ismail, H. H. (2024). Using ICT-based interventions to boost Malaysian Young Rural Learners’ interest and motivation in reading English materials: A literature review. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v13-i1/20135 Dweck, C. S. (2006). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House. Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1–4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11 Gannoun, H., & Deris, F. D. (2023). Teaching anxiety in foreign language classroom: A review of literature. Arab World English Journal, 14(1), 379–393. https://doi.org/10.24093/awej/vol14no1.24 Gill, S. K. (2014). Language policy challenges in multi-ethnic Malaysia. Springer. Gill, S. K., & Kirkpatrick, A. (2013). English in Asian and European higher education. In The Routledge Handbook of World Englishes (pp. 91-108). Routledge. Gonzalez-Mena, J. (2019). Foundations of early childhood education: Teaching children in a diverse society (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education. Gopining, E. F., & Mohamad, M. (2024). Exploring educational realities: Challenges and English teacher needs in rural primary schools. International Journal of Academic Research in Progressive Education and Development, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarped/v13-i3/22893 Guerrettaz, A., & Engman, M. (2023). Indigenous Language Revitalization. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. https://oxfordre.com/education/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780190264093.001.0001/acrefore-9780190264093-e-559. Hamel, R. E. (2017). Bilingual education for indigenous communities in Mexico. Encyclopedia of Language and Education (2nd ed., Vol. 2, pp. 395–406). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02258-1_30 Hlabisa, S. N., Mhlongo, H. R., & Govender, S. (2023). Exploring teachers’ views on the pedagogy of writing skills in English first additional language. E-Bangi Journal of Social Science and Humanities, 20(3). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2003.11 Idrus, F., Hussin, M. E., & Gulca, M. (2023). The integration of cultural elements in the English language classrooms: A case study of selected Orang Asli schools in Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 8(1), 26–45. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol8iss1pp26-45 Kirkland, D. E., & Sutch, D. (2017). Improvisation and teacher agency in under-resourced classrooms. Journal of Education for Teaching, 43(2), 167–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/02607476.2017.1289333 Krueger, R. A., & Casey, M. A. (2015). Focus groups: A practical guide for applied research (5th ed.). SAGE Publications. Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (2022). How languages are learned (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. Lohoar, S., Butera, N., & Kennedy, E. (2014). Strengths of Australian Aboriginal Cultural Practices in Family Life and Child Rearing (CFCA Paper No. 25). Australian Institute of Family Studies. https://aifs.gov.au/cfca/publications/strengths-australian-aboriginal-cultural-practices-fam Masturi, S. Z., Kosnin, A. B. M., & Zainudin, N. F. (2022). The barriers in teaching English skills encountered by Malaysian rural-area preschool teachers: A preliminary study. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(2), 4696–4703. Md Zamin, A. A., Mohammad Lotfie, M., & Mohamed Salleh, R. T. A. (2022). Challenges in Teaching English to Preschoolers: A Case Study in Malaysian Schools. Al-Risalah: Journal of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Human Sciences (ARJIHS), 6(1), 38–61. https://doi.org/10.31436/alrisalah.v6i1.375 Merriam, S. B., & Tisdell, E. J. (2016). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (4th ed.). Jossey-Bass. Mohd Noor, M. A. (2012). Advancing the Orang Asli through Malaysia’s clusters of Excellence Policy. Journal of International and Comparative Education, 1(2), 90–103. https://doi.org/10.14425/00.45.76 Mohd Noor, M. A., Ismail, S., & Masami, F. (2023). Integrating cultural elements in English language teaching: A case study of Orang Asli schools in Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Nusantara Studies (JONUS), 8(1), 26-45. https://doi.org/10.24200/jonus.vol8iss1pp26-45 Mohd Salim, M. S., Mohd Adnan, A. H., Mohamad Shah, D. S., Mohd Tahir, M. H., & Yusof, A. M. (2020). The Orang Asli in Malaysian formal education: Orang Asli Teachers’ sentiments and observations. International Journal of Humanities Technology and Civilization, 5(1), 57–64. https://doi.org/10.15282/ijhtc.v5i1.4819 Renganathan, S. (2016). Language Policy and Practice in Malaysia: Exploring Modernity and Multilingualism. Routledge. Renganathan, S. (2021). English language education in rural schools in Malaysia: A systematic review of Research. Educational Review, 75(4), 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2021.1931041 Sawalludin, A. F., Jia Min, C. L., & Mohd Ishar, M. I. (2020). The struggle of Orang Asli in education: Quality of Education. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 5(1), 46–51. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v5i1.346 Sekar Pramesty, N., Maghfiroh, A., & Atiek Mustikawati, D. (2022). Teachers’ challenges in teaching English to young learners in rural area. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(4), 5283–5292. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i4.1517 Shahidi, A. H., Nor Shaid, N. A., Yusop, M. S., & Maros, M. (2018). Fenomena sosiobudaya Orang Asli Kanaq dalam penguasaan bahasa Melayu: Satu tinjauan awal. e-Bangi: Jurnal Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, 15(5), 145–156. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/20837/1/29288-89864-1-SM.pdf Shan, L. W., & Abdul Aziz, A. (2022). A Systematic Review of Teaching English in Rural Settings: Challenges and Solutions. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences. 12(6), 1956 – 1977. http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i6/14233 The Education Hub. (2022). How to support Māori children with culturally responsive teaching. https://theeducationhub.org.nz/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/How-to-support-Ma%CC%84ori-children-with-culturally-responsive-teaching_revise.pdf Yıldırım, A., & Şimşek, H. (2013). Qualitative research methods in social sciences (9th ed.). Seçkin Publishing. 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Understanding Early and Late Identification of Dyslexia: A Narrative Review of Diagnostic Timing, Systemic Barriers, and Educational Equity
Dyslexia is a common neurodevelopmental disorder that profoundly affects reading, writing, and spelling, often leading to persistent academic underachievement and emotional difficulties. Early identification plays a critical role in enabling effective intervention. However, many students remain undiagnosed or are diagnosed late, limiting access to timely support. This narrative literature review (NLR) synthesises current evidence on the timing of dyslexia diagnosis, specifically examining early diagnosed, late-diagnosed and late-emerging cases. By exploring how diagnostic timing influences educational trajectories and psychosocial outcomes, the review provides a nuanced understanding of the long-term implications for learners. It further examines the genetic, environmental and systemic factors that contribute to the risk of delayed or inaccurate identification, highlighting the complex interaction between biological predispositions and external influences such as teacher preparedness, culturally relevant assessment practices and equitable access to resources. Key findings underscore the importance of integrating technology-driven tools and ongoing professional development for educators to reduce disparities in early detection and intervention. These findings also align with the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly SDG 4.1 and 4.5 which emphasize equitable access to quality education and SDG 10.2, which advocates for social inclusion regardless of disability. Ultimately, this review calls for adaptive, contextually responsive policies that address systemic barriers and promote early, accurate identification of dyslexia. Such measures are essential not only for advancing educational equity but also for fostering broader goals of social justice and inclusion in diverse educational contexts. References Addington, H. S., Crawford, J., Hicks, J., & Helen, R. (2019). The Human Cost of Dyslexia: The Emotional and Psychological Impact of Poorly Supported Dyslexia. https://www.bdadyslexia.org.uk/news/all-party-parliamentary-group-for-dyslexia-and-other-splds-releases-first-of-its-kind-report-looking-at-the-human-cost-of-dyslexia Alkhurayyif, Y., & Sait, A. R. W. (2024). A Review of Artificial Intelligence-Based Dyslexia Detection Techniques. Diagnostics, 14(21), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics14212362 American Psychological Association. (2013). Definition of Dyslexia. https://dictionary.apa.org/dyslexia Antonios, P., & Georgios, S. (2022). Computer-based Screening Test of Dyslexic High School Students in Greece. International Journal of Special Education, 37(1), 127–139. https://doi.org/10.52291/ijse.2022.37.32 Bagget, M., Diamond, L. L., & Olszewski, A. (2023). Dysgraphia and Dyslexia Indicators: Analyzing Children’s Writing. Intervention in School and Clinic, 59(5), 319–330. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512231189449 Barbiero, C., Montico, M., Lonciari, I., Monasta, L., Penge, R., Vio, C., Tressoldi, P. E., Carrozzi, M., De Petris, A., De Cagno, A. G., Crescenzi, F., Tinarelli, G., Leccese, A., Pinton, A., Belacchi, C., Tucci, R., Musinu, M., Tossali, M. L., Antonucci, A. M., … Ronfani, L. (2019). The Lost Children: The Under Diagnosis of Dyslexia in Italy. A Cross-Sectional National Study. PLoS ONE, 14(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0210448 Barth, A. E., & Thomas, C. N. (2021). Scaffolding Inference-Making for Adolescents with Disabilities That Impact Reading. Intervention in School and Clinic. https://doi.org/10.1177/10534512211024929 Bazen, L., Van Den Boer, M., de Jong, P. F., & de Bree, E. H. (2020). Early and Late Diagnosed Dyslexia in Secondary School: Performance on Literacy Skills and Cognitive Correlates. Dyslexia, 26(4), 359–376. https://doi.org/10.1002/dys.1652 Blamire, M., & Omidire, M. F. (2020). Teachers’ Perspective on Mobile Technology as an Inclusive Strategy for Students with Dyslexia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 17(3), 1823–1884. Börnert-Ringleb, M., Casale, G., & Hillenbrand, C. (2021). What predicts teachers’ use of digital learning in Germany? Examining the obstacles and conditions of digital learning in special education. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 36(1), 80–97. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2021.1872847 Bree, E. H. de, Boer, M. van den, Toering, B. M., & Jong, P. F. de. (2022). A Stitch in Time…: Comparing Late-Identified, Late-Emerging and Early Identified Dyslexia. 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Analisis Keperluan Guru Bukan Opsyen terhadap Pembangunan Modul Pembelajaran Mudah Alih bagi Pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani (A Needs Analysis of Out-of-Field Teachers Toward the Development of a Mobile Learning Module for Teaching Physical Education)
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenal pasti keperluan guru bukan opsyen terhadap pembangunan modul pembelajaran mudah alih bagi pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani. Kajian analisis keperluan ini melihat dari aspek kepuasan guru terhadap bahan rujukan sedia ada, masalah dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani, serta persetujuan mereka terhadap keperluan pembangunan modul pembelajaran mudah alih bagi pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani. Kajian kuantitatif ini menggunakan borang soal selidik sebagai instrumen dan melibatkan 354 orang guru bukan opsyen Pendidikan Jasmani sebagai responden kajian. Responden yang dipilih secara rawak berstrata yang dipilih dari satu negeri bagi mewakili setiap zon di seluruh Malaysia. Dapatan analisis deskriptif menunjukkan kepuasan guru terhadap bahan rujukan sedia ada dalam Pendidikan Jasmani berada pada tahap sederhana (M = 3.40, SP = 0.743). Masalah guru bukan opsyen dalam pelaksanaan pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani pada tahap sederhata tinggi (M = 3.54, SP = 0.796). dan juga tahap persetujuan guru terhadap keperluan pembangunan modul pembelajaran mudah alih bagi pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani berada pada adalah tinggi (M = 4.11, SP = 0.642). Dapatan ini menunjukkan bahawa persetujuan guru bukan opsyen Pendidikan Jasmani terhadap pembangunan modul pembelajaran mudah alih bagi pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani adalah positif berikutan mereka menghadapi masalah dari sudut pengetahuan, kemahiran mengajar dan motivasi disamping kekurangan sumber bahan rujukan sedia ada. Maka, kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa integrasi teknologi aplikasi mudah alih dalam pembangunan modul bagi pelaksanaan pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani amat diperlukan oleh guru bukan opsyen. Justeru, pembangunan modul ini berpotensi meningkatkan keberkesanan pengajaran guru bukan opsyen dalam pengajaran Pendidikan Jasmani. Abstract: This study aims to identify the needs of out-of-field teachers regarding the development of a mobile learning module for the teaching of Physical Education. The needs analysis focuses on teachers’ satisfaction with existing reference materials, the challenges faced in teaching Physical Education, and their agreement on the necessity of developing a mobile learning module for this subject. This quantitative study employed a questionnaire as the research instrument and involved 354 out-of-field Physical Education teachers as respondents. The respondents were selected using stratified random sampling from one state representing each region across Malaysia. Descriptive analysis findings revealed that teacher satisfaction with existing reference materials in Physical Education was at a moderate level (M = 3.40, SD = 0.743). The level of challenges faced by out-of-field teachers in implementing Physical Education teaching was moderately high (M = 3.54, SD = 0.796). Furthermore, the level of agreement among teachers on the need for the development of a mobile learning module for teaching Physical Education was high (M = 4.11, SD = 0.642). These findings indicate a positive response from out-of-field Physical Education teachers toward the development of a mobile learning module, as they face challenges related to knowledge, teaching skills, and motivation, in addition to a lack of sufficient reference materials. Therefore, this study highlights the importance of integrating mobile application technology into module development to support the implementation of Physical Education teaching. Consequently, the proposed module has the potential to enhance the teaching effectiveness of out-of-field teachers in delivering Physical Education lessons. References Abdulla, A., Whipp, P. R., McSporran, G., & Teo, T. (2022a). 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Klasifikasi Hukum Berdasarkan Ficl Al-Amr Dalam Surah Al-Nisa’ (Legal Classification Based on Ficil Al-Amr in the Translation of Surah Al-Nisa’)
Kajian ini membincangkan kata kerja perintah ‘Ficl Al-Amr’ dan terjemahnnya yang terdapat dalam surah al-Nisa’. Secara umum, perintah dalam surah al-Nisa’ ditandai oleh kata kerja perintah (Ficil Al-Amr) manakala terjemahannya pula hadir dua bentuk iaitu yang berpenanda dan yang tak berpenanda. Objektif utama kajian ini ialah untuk mengenal pasti bentuk terjemahan yang terdapat dalam surah al-Nisa’ dan mengkategorikan hukum berdasarkan bentuk-bentuk terjemahan tersebut. Huraian tentang bentuk terjemahan ‘Ficl Al-Amr’ adalah berdasarkan taksonomi Asmah Haji Omar dalam kerangka nahu sistemik. Data kajian ini terdiri daripada 82 ‘Ficl Al-Amr’ dalam surah al-Nisa’ yang dipilih untuk dianalisis. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah analisis teks dan hasil kajian ini memaparkan bentuk perintah berpenanda seperti yang dicadangkan oleh Asmah Haji Omar iaitu partikel penegas -lah menjadi penanda dominan dalam terjemahan. Hasil kajian juga mendapati bahawa kata kerja perintah berpenanda mendominasi bentuk terjemahan fi‘il al-amr dalam Surah al-Nisā. Terdapat tiga bentuk terjemahan ‘Ficl Al-Amr iaitu i) kata kerja dasar +lah, ii)kata kerja berimbuhan +lah dan iii) kata bantu modalitas +lah. Perintah merupakan salah satu medium yang digunakan al-Qur’an dalam penentuan hukum. Berdasarkan bentuk-bentuk Ficl Al-Amr yang dianalisis, hukum dapat dikategorikan kepada lima jenis iaitu wajib, haram, harus, sunat dan makruh. Namun, dapatan kajian dalam surah al-Nisa’ menunjukkan hanya terdapat tiga hukum syariat berdasarkan kata kerja perintah yang terdapat, iaitu wajib, sunat dan harus. Abstract: This study discusses the imperative verb ‘Ficl Al-Amr’ and its translation found in surah al-Nisa’. In general, the imperative in surah al-Nisa’ is marked by the imperative verb (Ficl Al-Amr) while the translation has two forms, namely marked and unmarked. The main objective of this study is to identify the forms of translation found in surah al-Nisa’ and categorize the law based on these forms of translation. The description of the form of translation of ‘Ficl Al-Amr’ is based on Asmah Haji Omar’s taxonomy in the framework of systemic grammar. The data of this study consists of 82 ‘Ficl Al-Amr’ in surah al-Nisa’ which were selected for analysis. This study uses the text analysis method, and the results of this study show the marked imperative form as proposed by Asmah Haji Omar, namely the emphatic particle -lah is the dominant marker in the translation. The results of the study also found that the marked imperative verb dominates the form of translation of Ficl Al-Amr in Surah al-Nisā. There are three forms of translation of Ficl Al-Amr, namely i) basic verb +lah, ii) verb with suffix +lah and iii) modal auxiliary +lah. Command is one of the mediums used by the Qur’an in determining law. Based on the forms of Ficl Al-Amr that were analyzed, law can be categorized into five types, namely obligatory, forbidden, obligatory, sunnah and makruh. However, the findings of the study in surah al-Nisa’ show that there are only three Sharia laws based on the command verbs that are present, namely obligatory, sunnah and harus. References Ab. Rahim Ibrahim. (1999). Ketidakterusan perintah dan larangan dalam al-Qur’an: Kajian terhadap ayat-ayat hukum Surat Al-Baqarah [Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Malaya]. Ahmad Jalaluddin Al-Islami Moh Shin, Muhammad Arsyad Abdul Majid, & Norhazlina Husin. (2021). Prosedur terjemahan unsur budaya ekologi dalam al-Quran. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 18(4), 148–162. http://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/49014 Ahmad Sukri Ahmad. (2003). Terjemahan Surah Al-Baqarah: Analisis sintaksis dalam Tafsir al-Azhar [Tesis Doktor Falsafah, Universiti Malaysia]. Ahmad Zulfadli Nokman. (2013). 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PLS-SEM Analysis of Efficient Waste Management Practices for Green Building Status
This study investigates the effectiveness of nine different construction and demolitions waste (CDW) management practices in the context of achieving green building status. A total of 93 completed questionnaires were received from the targeted respondents in Kuala Lumpur and Penang, out of which 67 were filtered for Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using SmartPLS 4. Eight CDW management practices and 49 indicators for seven categories of factors causing wastes were finally identified to establish discriminant validity between the constructs in the model. The causes of wastes were found to be significantly correlated to the CDW management practices with a path coefficient of 0.643 (p<0.001), and the later was found to be significantly correlated to the satisfaction with the current practices of CDW management, with a path coefficient of 0.328 (p<0.01). The large f2 value of 0.703 of Causes of Wastes with CDW Management Practices indicates the importance of identifying the factors causing wastes to ensure the effectiveness of CDW management practices implemented. The Q²predict values for both the CDW Management Practices and Satisfaction are above zero, indicating their predictive relevance. All the 67 selected respondents (100%) agreed that effective CDW management practices could assist in achieving green building status. The results are relevant to those stakeholders who wish to construct green buildings because Green Building Index certification requires effective CDW management practices to be integrated into the design and construction phases to ensure wastes are disposed properly in order to reduce their adverse impacts to the environment. References Aguirre, M. L. C. (2019). Environmental awareness and education: A key approach to solid waste management. IASPER Interdisciplinary Research Journal, 10(1), 1-11. Ahn, Y. 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Recycling, 6(2), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.3390/recycling6020034 Kumar Raja Vanapalli, Hari Bhakta Sharma, Ved Prakash Ranjan, Biswajit Samala, Jayanta Bhattacharya, Brajesh K. Dubey, & Sudha Goel. (2021). Challenges and strategies for effective plastic waste management during and post covid-19 pandemic. Science of the Total Environment, 750(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141514 Li, S., Lu, Y., Kua, H. W., & Chang, R. (2020). The economics of green buildings: A life cycle cost analysis of non-residential buildings in tropic climates. Journal of Cleaner Production, 252(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.119771 Li, Y., Li, M., & Sang, P. (2022). A bibliometric review of studies on construction and demolition waste management by using citespace. Energy and Buildings, 258(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2021.111822 Liu, J., Yi, Y., & Wang, X. (2020). Exploring factors influencing construction waste reduction: a structural equation modeling approach. Journal of Cleaner Production, 276(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123185 Lu, W., & Yuan, H. (2011). A framework for understanding waste management studies in construction. Waste management, 31(6), 1252-1260. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2011.01.018 Lu, W., Chi, B., Bao, Z., & Zetkulic, A. (2019). Evaluating the effects of green building on construction waste management: A comparative study of three green building rating systems. Building and Environment, 155(1), 247-256. https://doi.org/https:/doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.%202019.03.050 Luangcharoenrat, C., Intrachooto, S., Peansupap, V., & Sutthinarakorn, W. (2019). Factors influencing construction waste generation in building construction: Thailand’s perspective. Sustainability, 11(13), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11133638 Marinelli, M., Dolan, M., Spillane, J., & Konanahalli, A. (2014). Material waste in the Northern Ireland construction industry: On-site management causes and methods of prevention In: Raiden, A. B. and Aboagye-Nimo, E. (Eds). Procs 30th Annual ARCOM Conference, 1-3 September 2014, Portsmouth, UK, Association of Researchers in Construction Management, 113-122. Accessed from https://hdl.handle.net/10344/7154 Mwanza, B. G., Mbohwa, C., & Telukdarie, A. (2018). The influence of waste collection systems on resource recovery: A review. Procedia Manufacturing, 21(1), 846-853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2018.02.192 Narcis, N., Indrajit Ray, & Hosein, G. (2019). Construction and demolition waste management actions and potential benefits: A perspective from Trinidad and Tobago. Buildings, 9(6), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings9060150 Nasim Aghili, Abdul Hakim Mohammed, & Low, S. T. (2016). A review on green building index: Management criteria. Sains Humanika, 8(4-3), 43-50. https://doi.org/10.11113/sh.v8n4-3.1080 Ng, L. S., Seow, T. W., & Goh, K. C. (2015). Implementation on solid waste reduction through 3R (NSWM Policy) and elements to close gap between policy and contractors in construction industry in Penang. International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 6(9), 668-675. https://doi.org/10.7763/IJESD.2015.V6.678 Ng, L. S., Tan, L. W., & Seow, T. W. (2017). Current practices of construction waste reduction through 3R practice among contractors in Malaysia: Case study in Penang. Institute of Physics Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 271(1), 1-8. http://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/271/1/012039 Normalisa Md Isa, Arunnaa Sivapathy, & Nur Nadia Adjrina Kamarruddin. (2021). Malaysia on the way to sustainable development: Circular economy and green technologies. In B. S. Sergi & Abdul Rahman Jaaffar (Eds.), Modeling Economic Growth in Contemporary Malaysia (pp. 91-115). Emerald Publishing Limited. Nurzalikha Saadi, Zulhabri Ismail, & Zarina Alias. (2016). A review of construction waste management and initiatives in Malaysia. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 11(2), 101-114. Omotayo, T., Olanipekun, A., Obi, L., & Boateng, P. (2020). A systems thinking approach for incremental reduction of non-physical waste. Built Environment Project and Asset Management, 10(4), 509-528. https://doi.org/10.1108/BEPAM-10-2019-0100 Othuman Mydin, M. A., Sani, N. M., Taib, M., & Alias, N. M. (2014a). Imperative causes of delays in construction projects from developers’ outlook’. Materials Engineering and Conferences Web of Conferences, 10(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20141006005 Othuman Mydin, M. A., Khor, J. C., & Sani, N. M. (2014b). Approaches to construction waste management in Malaysia. Materials Engineering and Conferences Web of Conferences, 17(1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/20141701014 Pervez Hameed Shaikh, Nursyarizal Mohd. Nor, Anwer Ali Sahito, Perumal Nallagownden, Irraivan Elamvazuthi, & Muhammad Shuaib Shaikh. (2017). Building energy for sustainable development in Malaysia: A review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 75(1), 1392-1403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2016.11.128 Polat, G., Damci, A., Turkoglu, H., & Gurgun, A. P. (2017). Identification of root causes of construction and demolition waste: The case of Turkey. Procedia Engineering, 196(1), 948-955. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2388. Rawshan Ara Begum, Siti Khadijah Satari, & Joy Jacqueline Pereira. (2010). Waste generation and recycling: Comparison of conventional and industrialized building systems. American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 6(4), 383-388. https://doi.org/10.3844/ajessp.2010.383.388 Roseline Ikau, Joseph, C., & Tawie, R. (2016). Factors influencing waste generation in the construction industry in Malaysia. Procedia-social and Behavioral Sciences, 234(1), 11-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.213 Sabeen, A. H., Norzita, N., & Zainura, Z. N. (2016). Minimizing the cost of municipal solid waste management in Pasir Gudang Johor Malaysia. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science, 7(5), 1819-1834. Sabeen et al. ISSN: 2028-2508. CODEN: JMESCN. Saleh, M. Algburi & Faieza, A. A. (2016). Review of green building index in Malaysia; Existing work and challenges. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 11(5), 3160-3167. Accessed from http://psasir.upm.edu.my/id/eprint/52884 Sarstedt, M., Hair Jr, J. F., Cheah, J. H., Becker, J. M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). How to specify, estimate, and validate higher-order constructs in PLS-SEM. Australasian Marketing Journal, 27(3), 197-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2019.05. Sasitharan Nagapan, Ismail Abdul Rahman, & Ade Asmi. (2011). A review of construction waste cause factors. Asian Conference on Real Estate: Sustainable Growth Managing Challenges, 1(1), 967-987. Sasitharan Nagapan, Ismail Abdul Rahman, & Ade Asmi. (2012a). Factors contributing to physical and non-physical waste generation in construction industry. International Journal of Advances in Applied Sciences, 1(1), 1-10. http://doi.org/10.11591/ijaas.v1.i1.pp1-10 Sasitharan Nagapan, Ismail Abdul Rahman, Ade Asmi, Aftab Hameed Memon, & Imran Latif. (2012b). “Issues on construction waste: The need for sustainable waste management.” 2012 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers colloquium on Humanities, Science and Engineering, 1(1), 317-322. Sasitharan Nagapan, Ismail Abdul Rahman, Ade Asmi, & Nur Fadhilah Adnan. (2013). Study of site's construction waste in Batu Pahat, Johor. Procedia Engineering, 53(1), 99-103. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.PROENG.2013.02.015 Shahid, M. U., Thaheem, M. J., & Arshad, H. (2022). Quantification and benchmarking of construction waste and its impact on cost–A case of Pakistan. Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 1(1), 1-30. https://doi.org/10.1108/ecam-07-2019-0375 Shraddha Pandey. (2018). Impact of green building rating systems on the sustainability and efficacy of green buildings: Case analysis of green building index, Malaysia. Malaysia Sustainable Cities Program. Working Paper Series. Sia, M. K., Yew, W. C., Tan, S. K., Ong, D. Z. J., & Sia, W. D. (2024). Exploring The Relationship Between Iso 14001 Ems and Esg Performance of Malaysian Companies. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(2), 342-358. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.28 Spišáková, M., Mandičák, T., Mésároš, P., & Špak, M. (2022). Waste management in a sustainable circular economy as a part of design of construction. 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A survey of the status and challenges of green building development in various countries. Sustainability, 11(19), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195385 Zuhairi Abd Hamid, Maria Zura Mohd Zain, & Ahmad Farhan Roslan. (2016). Sustainable construction waste management. The Ingenieur, 66(1), 62-70. https://doi.org/10.1179/1756750514Z.00000000054
Navigating Expectations and Realities: A Phenomenological Study of Graduate Unemployment in Alfred Duma Municipality, South Africa
In South Africa, graduate unemployment is a growing problem. This paper explores graduates' expectations when they leave universities versus what they encounter in the labour market and how they manage and react to it. The paper uses a qualitative, phenomenological design on a purposively drawn sample of 24 South African graduates from the Alfred Duma Local Municipality. Data were analysed using thematic analysis on Atlas.ti. The paper further applies a working hypothesis approach to draw testable hypotheses from the data. The study made the following thematic findings: Theme 1: Unemployed ADLM Graduates’ Disillusionment with Employment Transitions; Theme 2: Perceived Sources of Graduates’ Unmet Expectations; and Theme 3: The Sociopsychological Impact of Graduate Unemployment on Youths. In an integrated form, the themes show that graduates managed expectations versus reality gaps (further complicated by community expectations) by altering expectations. Still, failures to reconcile expectations versus realities came with psychological adversities among some. The paper advocates for individual psychological capital development and realistic expectations set by universities, alongside macro-level policy reforms like mandated internships, entrepreneurship and retraining grants, and unemployment benefits. The study proposes a working hypothesis model on how graduates can actively manage their job expectation-reality gap. This is key for future research, offering a testable model to predict graduate responses and inform interventions for unemployment. References Adamu, M. & Shakur, M.B.M.A., (2023). Graduate employability and skill gap: relationships of vocational training and machinery/equipment in an effective new business start-up. International Journal of Human Resources Development and Management, 23(2), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHRDM.2023.131633 Alrawadıeh, D. D. (2021). 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The influence of psychological capital on graduates’ perception of employability: the mediating role of employability skills. Higher Education Research & Development, 40(2), 293-308. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2020.1738350 Belle, M. A., Antwi, C. O., Ntim, S. Y., Affum-Osei, E., & Ren, J. (2022). Am I gonna get a job? Graduating students’ psychological capital, coping styles, and employment anxiety. Journal of Career Development, 49(5), 1122-1136. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894845321102012 Botha, D. (2021). Self-perceived employability among undergraduate students at a South African university. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 19, 11. doi:https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v19i0.1685 Buthelezi, S., Nxumalo, M. L., & Ngema, X. (2024). The Complexities and Challenges of Graduate Unemployment in KwaZulu-Natal: South Africa. International Journal, 14(1), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.15640/jehd.v14n1a5 Casula, M., Rangarajan, N. & Shields, P. (2021). 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South Africa’s high youth unemployment: Structural features and current responses. Youth in South Africa:(in) visibility and national development, 131-156. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv2z6qdwp.13 Graham, L., Williams, L., & Chisoro, C. (2019). Barriers to the labour market for unemployed graduates in South Africa. Journal of Education and Work, 32(4), 360-376. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2019.1620924 Gwala, F. N., Mthethwa, R. M., & Jili, N. N. (2023). An Analysis of the Factors, Effects and experiences associated with high graduate unemployment in the eThekwini Metropolitan Municipality of South Africa. African Journal of Public Affairs. 14(1), 122-151. https://journals.co.za/doi/pdf/10.10520/ejc-ajpa_v14_n1_a8. Harry, T., Chinyamurindi, W., & Mjoli, T. (2018). Perceptions of factors that affect employability amongst a sample of final-year students at a rural South African university. 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Peranan Pekerja Sosial sebagai Pekerja Pembangunan Komuniti di Program Perumahan Rakyat: Kajian Penerokaan (The Role of Social Workers as Community Development Workers in the People’s Housing Program: An Exploratory Study)
Kegagalan penghuni membayar sewa telah dikenal pasti sebagai salah satu masalah sosial yang wujud bagi Program Perumahan Rakyat (PPR) dan terkandung dalam Dasar Komuniti Negara. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneroka tahap literasi kewangan penghuni PPR, kaedah pembuatan keputusan kewangan mereka dan cabaran pembayaran tunggakan sewa yang dihadapi serta peranan pekerja sosial yang dilantik oleh Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat (JKM) sebagai Pekerja Pembangunan Komuniti (PPK) di PPR. Kerangka teoritikal Person-in-Environment (PIE) telah dijadikan sebagai panduan untuk memahami bagaimana faktor individu dan persekitaran saling berinteraksi dalam mempengaruhi peranan pekerja sosial di PPR. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah kajian kualitatif dengan reka bentuk kajian kes. Kajian ini telah dilaksanakan di PPR sekitar Kuala Lumpur yang mempunyai perhidmatan PPK menggunakan teknik persampelan bertujuan berdasarkan kriteria penerimaan dan penolakan. Seramai empat orang pekerja sosial telah berjaya ditemu bual dan dikenal pasti melalui unit komuniti, Bahagian Kebajikan Produktif dan Komuniti, JKM, Kuala Lumpur. Data kajian telah dianalisis secara tematik menggunakan perisian NVivo 15. Hasil kajian mendedahkan empat tema utama peranan pekerja sosial iaitu pemudahcaraan urusan sosial, hubungan agensi dengan komuniti, perancangan berasaskan komuniti serta kompetensi dan penempatan PPK. Pekerja sosial membantu penghuni menyelesaikan masalah sosial dan ekonomi, menghubungkan mereka dengan agensi bantuan kewangan dan merancang program komuniti yang sesuai khususnya untuk warga emas dan kanak-kanak. Kesimpulannya, pekerja sosial memainkan peranan penting dalam pengurusan PPR yang lebih berkesan. Oleh itu, penambahbaikan seperti perjawatan tetap, kemudahan pejabat yang kondusif dan latihan profesional berstruktur amat diperlukan agar program seperti pendidikan kewangan komuniti dapat meningkatkan literasi kewangan golongan berpendapatan rendah di bandar. Abstract: The failure of tenants to pay rent has been identified as a critical social issue within the People’s Housing Programme (PPR), as acknowledged in the National Community Policy. This study aimed to explore the financial literacy levels of residents of the People's Housing Programme (PPR), their financial decision-making methods, the challenges they faced in paying rent and the role of social workers appointed by the Department of Social Welfare (JKM) as community development officers in the PPR context. The Person-in-Environment (PIE) theoretical framework guided this study in understanding how individual and environmental factors interact to shape the role of social workers in low-income urban settings. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research was conducted in selected PPR locations across Kuala Lumpur with active PPK services, using purposive sampling based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Four social workers were successfully interviewed, identified through the Community Unit of the Productive Welfare and Community Division, JKM Kuala Lumpur. The data were thematically analysed using NVivo 15 software. The findings revealed four central themes concerning the role of social workers: facilitation of social affairs, agency–community linkages, community-based planning, and the competencies and placement of PPK officers. Social workers supported residents by addressing social and economic challenges, connecting them with agencies offering financial aid, and designing appropriate community programs particularly for the elderly and children. In conclusion, social workers played a vital role in enhancing effective community management in PPR. Therefore, improvements such as permanent appointments, conducive office facilities, and structured professional training were deemed essential to ensure that initiatives like community financial education could successfully increase the financial literacy of low-income urban residents. References Abdullah, S. N. S. R., & Alavi, K. (2024). Meneroka Faktor Kepuasan Bekerja Dalam Kalangan Pensyarah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 8(4), 1-13. Albeerdy, M. I., & Gharleghi, B. (2015). Determinants of the financial literacy among college students in Malaysia. International Journal of Business Administration, 6(3), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.5430/ijba.v6n3p15 Atkinson, A., & Messy, F. A. (2012). Measuring financial literacy: Results of the OECD/International Network on Financial Education (INFE) pilot study. OECD Publishing. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2013). Successful qualitative research. Sage Publications Ltd. Chaulagain, R. P. (2015). 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The British Journal of Sociology, 76(2), 295–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.13170 Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat. (2025). Program Pembangunan Komuniti Projek Perumahan Rakyat. https://www.jkm.gov.my/main/article/program-pembangunan-komuniti-projek-perumahan-rakyat Khazanah Research Institute. (2023). Decent shelter for the urban poor. https://www.krinstitute.org/assets/contentMS/img/template/editor/KRIReport_DecentShelterfortheUrbanPoor.pdf Kolin, E. J., & Siew, N. M. (2023). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Motivasi Guru Matematik terhadap Penggunaan Bahan Bantu Mengajar Digital Matematik di Sekolah Rendah. International Journal of Education, Psychology and Counseling, 8(49), 22-36. https://doi.org/10.35631/IJEPC.849003 Li, T., Li, L. M. W., Sun, Y. Y., Chan, L. Y.-C., Law, W., Jiang, D., Stertz, A. M., & Wiese, B. S. (2024). Dual-earner couples’ sharing of work-related experiences: Effects on relational and personal well-being. Applied Psychology. 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Financial knowledge, digital financial knowledge, financial attitude, financial behavior and financial satisfaction on millennials. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 9(3), 443-455. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.6-3-2021.2305967 Nurzaimah, A., Zakaria, E., & Abd Wahab, H. (2012). The level of knowledge among teachers and students on social work interventions implemented in schools to overcome students’ social issues. Sarjana, 27(2), 79-95. https://doi.org/10.22452/SARJANA.vol27no2.5 Nurzaimah, A., Zakaria, E., & Abd Wahab, H. (2013). Intervensi kerja sosial sekolah dalam menangani masalah sosial pelajar. Jurnal Pendidikan Malaysia, 38(1), 41-51. Doi link Parthiban, A., Rahman, M. A. A., Malek, N. M., Singh, P. S. J., & Hong, L. C. (2021). Kemiskinan adalah satu fenomena multidimensi: Suatu pemerhatian awal. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(1), 40-51. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i1.608 Ramalingam, N., & Alavi, K. (2021). 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Assessing the Impact of Mining Companies on Community Well-being and Environmental Sustainability: A Case Study of Ba-Phalaborwa Mines, Limpopo
The mining industry has been a catalyst for economic growth in many regions globally, yet it often brings significant social, environmental, and health challenges to nearby communities. This study investigated the effects of mining activities on the well-being and environmental sustainability of the Ba-Phalaborwa community in Limpopo, South Africa. In this study, data was quantitatively collected from 70 households, through a convenience sampling method. Environmentally, the findings revealed that mining activities have led to significant environmental degradation, including soil erosion and water quality deterioration. Moreover, the findings revealed significant health concerns, including increased respiratory issues linked to air pollution. The findings from this study also revealed that while job creation as a result of mining activities was acknowledged, the findings also highlighted the rising cost of living and uneven economic benefits across households. Furthermore, community trust in mining companies was notably low, with transparency and corporate responsibility cited as key concerns. Based on these findings, the study recommended that mining companies adopt comprehensive environmental management practices, such as proactive mitigation of pollution and land restoration efforts. It also emphasized the importance of enhancing community health initiatives by addressing pollution-related illnesses and providing accessible healthcare services. Additionally, fostering economic inclusivity through equitable job opportunities and support for small enterprises was highlighted as a priority. This study provides valuable insights for policymakers, industry leaders, and environmental advocates seeking to balance the economic benefits of mining with its social and environmental impacts. References Alexander, D., (2012). Mining and social change: the case of the copper belt in Zambia. 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Model Global Pelaksanaan Bandar Sihat: Analisis Literatur Bersistematik untuk Panduan Malaysia (Global Models of Healthy City Implementation: A Systematic Literature Analysis for Malaysia)
Pelaksanaan bandar sihat di Malaysia telah bermula semenjak tahun 1994, tetapi kedudukannya dalam gagasan pembangunan tempatan dilihat agak terkebelakang berbanding bandar pintar. Seiring peningkatan kes NCD di Malaysia, fungsi bandar sihat mula diperkasakan dalam Rancangan Tempatan bagi pembudayaan hidup sihat. Sebagai inisiatif baharu, maklumat berkenaan bandar sihat yang holistik diperlukan agar datanya dapat dirujuk sebagai panduan pelaksanaan di Malaysia. Kajian SLR ini bertujuan mengkaji model pelaksanaan bandar sihat global untuk panduan pelaksanaan di Malaysia. PRISMA digunakan sebagai kaedah kajian kerana prosedur menyaring datanya yang ketat bagi tujuan analisis sistematik. Melalui pencarian data di pangkalan Web of science, Scopus, dan Google scholar dengan kata kunci: “healthy city” OR “healthy city model”, sebanyak 574 bahan ilmiah bandar sihat ditemui. Namun, hanya 55 bahan ilmiah yang menepati kriteria penyelidikan SLR. Data dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan dan tematik. Korpus bandar sihat global (tahun 1980-2020an) menjadi panduan penting bagi pelaksanaan bandar sihat di Malaysia. Datanya dalam bentuk dominasi kajian bandar sihat, fasa gagasan, dan pelaksanaannya. Dari sudut sumbangan kepada Malaysia, ia menyumbang panduan berikut, iaitu (i) punca kuasa bagi gagasan bandar sihat, (ii) model pemantauan pelaksanaan bandar sihat sepanjang proses pembangunan, (iii) model program bandar sihat yang bersifat integrasi, in-situ, dan berpusatkan rakyat serta mewakili pelaksanaan yang efektif, (iv) iktibar kemajuan membawa impak negatif kepada negara-negara sedang membangun, (v) pembangunan mikro mengesampingkan gagasan pembangunan yang lebih besar, dan (vi) model pembangunan berasaskan komuniti menokok nilai tambah yang positif terhadap pembangunan tersebut. Dapatan kajian ini menyumbang asas bagi memperkasakan program promosi kesihatan dalam bandar sihat. Abstract: The implementation of healthy cities in Malaysia began in 1994. However, its position within the framework of local development appears to lag behind that of smart cities. In line with the rising number of NCDs in Malaysia, the role of healthy cities has been increasingly strengthened within the local plans to promote a culture of healthy living. As a new initiative, comprehensive information on healthy cities is required so that the data can serve as a reference for implementation guidelines in Malaysia. This SLR study aims to examine global healthy city implementation models to inform Malaysia’s implementation framework. The PRISMA method was used due to its rigorous data screening procedures suited for systematic analysis. Through data searches on the Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the keywords “healthy city” OR “healthy city model”, a total of 574 academic sources on healthy cities were identified. However, only 55 met the SLR research criteria. The data were analysed using content analysis and thematic analysis methods. The global healthy city corpus (1980s-2020s) served as an important reference for the implementation of healthy cities in Malaysia, with data covering the dominant themes in healthy city research, conceptual phases, and its implementation. From the perspective of Malaysia’s contribution, this study offers the following guidelines (i) establishing the legal authority for the healthy city concept, (ii) a monitoring model for healthy city implementation throughout the development process, (iii) an integrated, in-situ, and people-centred healthy city programme models representing effective implementation, (iv) the lessons learnet from the development progress that have had negative impacts on developing countries, (v) micro-level development that sidelines larger development agendas, and (vi) a community-based development model adds positive value to such development. The findings of this study provide a foundation for strengthening health promotion programmes. References Abdul Malek, J., & Ibrahim, M. A. (2015). Bandar selamat dan keselamatan komuniti bandar selamat. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 10(1), 1–14. Aicher, J. (1998). Designing healthy cities: prescriptions, principles, and practice. Melbourne: Kreiger Publishing. Alhasan, N., Alhazmi, A., Abugabah, A., & Shah, M. H. (2025). How walkable a city is depends on where you live: Measuring walkability indicators using global open geodata. Cities & Health. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1080/23748834.2025.2496010 Ashton, J., Grey, P., & Barnard, K. (1986). Healthy cities - WHO’s new public health initiative. Health Promotion International, 1(3), 319-324. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/1.3.319 Ashton, J., & Seymour, H. (1988). The new public health: the Liverpool experience. Philadelphia: Open University Press. Bapari, M. Y., Haque, M. E., Chowdhury, M. 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Ecofeminist Art as Educational Tool: Visual Expressions of Ecological and Spiritual Consciousness in Contemporary Female Painting
Contemporary environmental crises and revival of spiritual practices have triggered multidisciplinary responses globally. In art education, contemporary female artists increasingly combine ecological consciousness with inner spiritual experiences, using painting as a medium to explore empathetic relationships between self, body, and nature. This study examines how contemporary female artists express ecological and spiritual themes through visual symbolism, analyses the educational potential of ecofeminist art in promoting environmental awareness and explores the social implications of integrating spiritual and ecological consciousness in artistic expression. Through qualitative analysis that combines thematic and visual analysis, this research investigates representative paintings by Gaia Orion and Verena Wild as case studies, examining how their artistic language carries ecological and spiritual meanings. Specifically, this study addresses the gap in understanding how ecofeminist art functions as an alternative pedagogical tool, as this intersection has remained underexplored in art-based pedagogy. The analysis reveals that these works use the female body, natural elements, and cyclical symbols as core visual strategies, responding to ecofeminist critiques of cultural-natural dualism while embodying the integrated "nature-body-sacred" worldview found in feminist theology. The research findings indicate that these artworks serve not only as expressions of personal transformation but also constitute a visual pathway for ecological ethics and feminist subjectivity reconstruction. Through symbolic imagery, sensory composition, and intuitive colour use, they establish an artistic discourse that transcends traditional logic, providing new theoretical reference and aesthetic dimensions for understanding the integration of ecology and consciousness in contemporary female art. References Ahmad, Z. I., Salleh, M. A. M., & Mustaffa, N. (2024). Model tarikan metafora visual ketakutan bagi meningkatkan perhatian kepada pesanan khidmat awam. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(1), 350–362. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2101.32 Amirrul, A. A., & Paharul Rozi, N. R. (2025). Transformasi fungsi dan makna prop dalam teater melalui pendekatan semiotik. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22(2), 220–234. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2202.26 Arjmandi, H., Tahir, M. M., Shabankareh, H., Shabani, M. M., & Mazaheri, F. (2011). Psychological and spiritual effects of light and color from Iranian traditional houses on dwellers. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 6(2), 288–302. Babalola, D. A., & Sedisa, N. (2025). Digital heritage and contemporary African identity formation through social media. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22(3), 557–571. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2202.57 Boettger, S. (2016). Within and beyond the art world: Environmentalist criticism of visual art. In H. Zapf (Ed.), Handbook of ecocriticism and cultural ecology (pp. 664–678). De Gruyter. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110314595-036 Cabañas, K. M. (1999). Ana Mendieta: “Pain of Cuba, Body I Am.” Woman’s Art Journal, 20(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.2307/1358840 Che Kasim, A., Abdul Sani, U. A. H., & Manap, J. (2017). Pengaruh aspek spiritualiti terhadap strategi daya tindak golongan wanita dewasa awal. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 20(1), 33–45. Christ, C. P. (1997). Rebirth of the goddess: Finding meaning in feminist spirituality. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203822326 Gaard, G. (2011). 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Examining the influence of communication technology, image technicalities, and image narrative on environmental awareness in the digital age: A study of world’s top 20 environmental photography winners 2020. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(2), 120–135. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.20 Merchant, C. (2014). Earthcare: Women and the environment. Routledge. Shaw, M. E. (2001). The varieties of goddess experience: Feminist pragmatism in the study of women’s spirituality [Doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota]. Shiva, V. (2016). Staying alive: Women, ecology, and development (2nd ed.). North Atlantic Books. Starhawk. (2013). The earth path: Grounding your spirit in the rhythms of nature. HarperCollins. Wei, L. X., Sazan, D., & Rajandran, K. (2024). Analisis kandungan visual terpilih dalam risalah perayaan Hari Warisan George Town, Pulau Pinang. e-BANGI: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(2), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.10 Weintraub, L. (2007). To life! Eco art in pursuit of a sustainable planet. University of California Press.
Enhancing Farmers' Adaptive Capacity through Economic, Political, Cultural, and Institutional Sensitivities to Climate Change
This conceptual paper investigates how economic, political, cultural, and institutional responses to climate change shape farm-level adaptive capacity, thereby influencing farmers' resilience to climate shocks. Instead of conducting a systematic literature review, the study combines theoretical and contextual insights to present a multidimensional framework that connects social and institutional sensitivities to adaptive behaviours. Economic sensitivity measures farmers' readiness and ability to manage financial risks through diversification, insurance, and investment in resilient practices. Political sensitivity influences public perceptions of climate action, trust in governance, and the ability of policy frameworks to mobilise resources for adaptation. Cultural sensitivity emphasises the importance of traditional knowledge, indigenous practices, and social cohesion in developing collective resilience in farming communities. Institutional sensitivity emphasises the importance of policies, organisational support systems, and stakeholder engagement in promoting equitable and long-term adaptation strategies. By combining these four dimensions, the framework provides a comprehensive perspective on how farmers perceive, interpret, and respond to climate-related risks. It emphasises that adaptation is not just a technical response, but a socially embedded process influenced by values, governance, and resource availability. The proposed framework serves as a theoretical foundation for future empirical research on climate adaptation and agricultural resilience, as well as for the development of context-sensitive policies.
Pengukuhan Kemenangan Barisan Nasional Melalui Status Kubu Kuat, Politik Perpaduan dan Politik Kestabilan Dalam Pilihan Raya Kecil DUN Ayer Kuning, Perak, Malaysia (Strengthening Barisan Nasional’s Victory Through Stronghold Status, Unity Politics and Stability Politics on the By-election in State Legislative Constituency of Ayer Kuning, Perak, Malaysia)
Pilihan Raya Kecil (PRK) kawasan Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) N48 Ayer Kuning Perak, diadakan berikutan kematian penyandangnya, iaitu Allahyarham Ishsam Shahruddin, pada 23 Februari 2025 akibat sakit jantung. Kawasan ini berada dalam kawasan Parlimen Tapah dan merupakan kubu kuat BN/UMNO yang tidak pernah tewas selama 9 penggal berturut-turut. Ini menunjukkan bahawa penyokong BN/UMNO terus kekal setia kepada parti meskipun dibadai dengan isu nasional yang melemahkan pengaruh BN pada PRU 1990, 1999, 2008, 2018 dan 2022. PRK kawasan ini diadakan pada 26 April 2025, dan hasilnya BN/UMNO terus menguasai kawasan ini pada PRK tersebut. Justeru, adalah menjadi tujuan penulisan artikel ini untuk menganalisis pengukuhan kemenangan Barisan Nasional melalui status kubu kuat, politik perpaduan dan politik kestabilan dalam PRK DUN Ayer Kuning, Perak. Berdasarkan pemerhatian di lapangan, rujukan media sosial dan sumber sekunder menunjukkan bahawa kemenangan BN/UMNO dalam PRK DUN Ayer Kuning 2025 antaranya disebabkan status sebagai kubu kuat yang dapat dilihat melalui trek rekod tidak pernah kalah selama 9 penggal berturut-turut; keserasian dengan semua ADUN BN sebelum ini dan yang terbaharu; semangat kental serta kesetiaan penyokong; dan struktur jentera yang tersusun. Meskipun PRK ini hanya bersifat lokal dan setempat, namun status semasa persepsi rakyat terhadap pihak Kerajaan dan pembangkang dicerap daripada keputusan dan pola pengundian PRK ini. Abstract: The by-election for the N48 State Legislative Assembly constituency of Ayer Kuning Perak, took place after the death of its incumbent, the late Ishsam Shahruddin, from a heart attack on 23 February 2025. This constituency is is located within the Tapah Parliamentary constituency and has been a BN/UMNO stronghold, having never lost an election for 9 consecutive terms. The election result shows that BN/UMNO supporters continue to remain loyal to the party despite being hit by national issues that weakened BN’s influence in the 1990, 1999, 2008, 2018 and 2022 general elections. The by-election for this constituency took place on 26 April 2025, during which BN/UMNO maintained their dominance. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to analyse the consolidation of Barisan Nasional’s victory through stronghold status, unity politics and stability politics in the by-election of the State Legislative Assembly constituency of Ayer Kuning, Perak. Based on field observations, social media references and secondary sources, BN/UMNO's victory in the 2025 Ayer Kuning state legislative by-election is due to its status as a stronghold, which can be seen through its track record of never losing for 9 consecutive terms; compatibility with all previous and recent BN assemblymen; strong and loyal supporters; and an organised machinery structure. 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By-Election 4: P59 Bukit Gantang, Perak (March 29-April 7, 2009. In Huat, W. C. & Tsin, S. L. (Editor). Democracy at Stake? Examining 16 By-election in Malaysia, 2008-2011. Strategic Information and Research Development Centre (SIRD). Mohd Anuar, H. (2020). Election during COVID-19 pandemic: Constitutional Perspectives. International Journal Of Law, Government And Communication (IJLGC), 5(21), 277-284. Rusli, N. S. & Awang Besar, J. (2022). Geografi politik dan pilihan raya di kawasan Parlimen (P073) Pasir Salak, Perak Darul Ridzuan. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 6(3), 1–16. Shafie, N. A. S., Azlan, A. A. & Che Soh, M. (2021). Pilihan Raya Kecil Slim 2020 di Perak, Malaysia: Prestasi Perikatan Nasional. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(7), 222-242. Wan Omar, W.A. (2014). Saya, SPR & Pilihan Raya. Shah Alam: Grup Buku Karangkraf Sdn. Bhd. Yaakob, K. (1988). Riwayat hidup Menteri Besar-Menteri Besar Perak Darul Ridzuan. Yayasan Perak.
The Application of Theories in Edutourism Research: A Systematic Literature Review
A systematic literature review was conducted to address the gap in understanding how theory is applied within the growing field of edutourism research. Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we analysed 68 journal articles and classified them by their theoretical approaches and research themes. A primary finding was that a significant portion of studies currently lack a specific theoretical framework. A key insight was that those studies that do implement theory achieve a higher average weighted citation impact, suggesting a clear link between a strong theoretical foundation and academic influence. The review successfully identified 12 distinct theories employed in the literature, with Experiential Learning Theory being the most dominant and frequently used framework. Our analysis also revealed no statistically significant association between a study's specific theme, such as cultural, environmental, or academic tourism and its chosen theoretical approach. This suggests that the research topic does not limit the consistent application of theory. Theseresults collectively highlight a critical need for a more robust theoretical foundation in edutourism research to enhance its overall academic credibility and influence. This study offers an in-depth evaluation of the current state of theory use and serves as a call for future research to be more explicitly guided by theoretical frameworks, thereby advancing the field as a whole. References Abu Bakar, A. H., Sukimi, M. F., & Abdul Mutalib, M. H. (2025). Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory in Environmental Sociology: Systematic Literature Review on the Use of a Theory. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.36 Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T Al-Romeedy, B., Moosa, S., & Elbaz, A. (2020). 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Persepsi Guru Terhadap Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD) Dalam Pembangunan Modal Insan Murid Sekolah Rendah (Teachers’ Perceptions on the Implementation of Classroom-Based Assessment (CBA) in Developing Human Capital among Primary School Pupils)
Sejak kebelakangan ini,sistem penilaian murid di sekolah telah mengalam iperubahan dengan pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD) yang bertujuan membangunkan modal insan murid sekolah. Dalam menilai keberkesanan pelaksanaan ini, persepsi guru amat penting bagi menjayakan dimensi baru/baharu penilaian murid. Oleh itu, kajian ini akan mengkaji persepsi guru terhadap keberkesanan (PBD) dalam menilai pembangunan modal insan murid sekolah rendah. Kajian ini menggunakan kualitiatif melalui temu bual bersama tujuh orang guru yang terlibat secara langsung dalam pelaksanaan PBD di sekolah rendah di sekitar Kuantan, Pahang. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa guru telah beralih daripada pendekatan berorientasikan peperiksaan kepada pentaksiran berterusan dan berperanan sebagai fasilitator. Guru juga mengakui keberkesanan PBD dalam menilai potensi murid dari aspek sahsiah, komunikasi, kepimpinan dan kerjasama. Namun, pelaksanaan PBD masih berdepan cabaran seperti beban tugas, dokumentasi yang banyak, kekangan masa serta kurang kefahaman ibu bapa. Kajian ini memberi implikasi kepada guru, pembuat dasar dan pihak sekolah untuk memperkukuh pelaksanaan PBD dalam usaha membangunkan modal insan murid secara holistik. Abstract: In recent years, student assessment in schools has undergone significant changes with the implementation of Classroom-Based Assessment (CBA), aimed at developing primary school pupil’s human capital. In assessing this effectiveness of this implementation, teacher perceptions are crucial in ensuring the success of this new assessment dimension. Therefore, this study examines teachers' perceptions of the effectiveness of CBA in primary school pupils. This study employed a qualitative approach by conducting interviews with seven teachers who are directly involved in the implementation of CBA in primary schools around Kuantan, Pahang. The data were analysed using thematic analysis. The findings showed that the teachers have shifted from an examination-oriented approach to a continuous assessment approach and played a more facilitative role. Teachers acknowledged the effectiveness of CBA in assessing pupils’ potential in terms of personality, communication, leadership and collaboration. Nevertheless, the implementation of CBA still faces challenges such as workload, extensive documentation, time constraints and parents lack of understanding. This study provides implications for teachers, policymakers and schools to strengthen the implementation of CBA in effort to holistically develop pupils ' human capital. References Arsaythamby, V, Hariharan, N.K & Ruzlan Md-Ali. (2015). Teachers’ knowledge and readiness towards implementation of school-based assessment in secondary schools. International Education Studies, 8(11), 193-203. Barbara S & Plake. (1993). 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Isu Kesediaan Guru dalam Amalan Melaksanakan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah. EDUCATUM – Journal of Social Science 2, 1–7. Halimah Jamil & Rozita Radhiah Said (2019). Pelaksanaan Penskoran Pentaksiran Lisan Bahasa Melayu Dalam Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu 9, Bil. 2, 25-36. Keddie, A. (2018). Adult education: An ideology of individualism. In Adult education for a change (pp. 45-64). Routledge. Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2012). Pelan Pembangunan Pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. Kuala Lumpur. Kementerian Pelajaran Malaysia (2013). Pelan pembangunan pendidikan Malaysia 2013-2025. www. moe. gov. my Kementerian Pendidikan Malaysia (2018). Panduan Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah.Putrajaya: Bahagian Pembangunan Kurikulum Kwiek, M., & Szadkowski, K. (2018). Higher education systems and institutions, Poland. Encyclopedia Of International Higher Education Systems and Institutions, 1-10. Liu, J. (2021). Cognitive returns to having better educated teachers: Evidence from the China education panel survey. Journal of Intelligence 9, 60. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/jintelligence9040060 Mairin Bin Gosman, Mohamad Nizam Nazarudin, Zakiah Noordin, Azmain Bin Saharin & Siti Rozana Binti Saili (2020). Hubungan Penglibatan Ibu Bapa Dan Peranan Guru Dengan Pencapaian Akademik Pelajar Sekolah. International Research Journal of Education and Sciences (IRJES) 4(1), 1-12. Mior Khairul Azrin Mior Jamaluddin (2011). Sistem Pendidikan di Malaysia: Dasar, Cabaran, dan Pelaksanaan ke Arah Perpaduan Nasional. SOSIOHUMANIKA: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan 4(1), 33-48 Mohamed, W. (2024). Impact of educating faculty on student assessment: beyond satisfaction level. Journal of Applied Research in Higher Education 16(5), 2108-2125. https://doi.org/10.1108/JARHE-12-2022-0383 Noorzeliana Idris (2016). Penilaian Pelaksanaan Pentaksiran Berasaskan Sekolah dalam Kalangan Guru. Doktor Falsafah, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris. Malaysia. Nurul Huda Mohd Faudzi & Anuar Ahmad (2022). Kesediaan guru sejarah melaksanakan pentaksiran bilik darjah dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. 6th International Conference on Business Studies and Education 2022 (pp. 3-14). Popov, D. S. & Shestakova, D. A. (2024). Towards a Sociological Understanding of Human Capital in a Fluid Society in a state of Crisis. Sotsiologicheskiy Zhurnal 30 (1), 43-63. https://doi.org/10.19181/socjour.2024.30.1.3 Richardson, G. E. (2011). Teacher Efficacy and Its Effects on The Academic Achievement of African American Studies. Greeleaf University. Said, Ashma & Wan Mohamad, Wan Muna Ruzanna. (2023). Pemansuhan UPSR: kesediaan guru Bahasa Melayu tahun enam dalam melaksanakan pentaksiran bilik darjah. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 5(1), 181-191. https://doi.org/10.55057/jdpd.2023.5.1.15. Sh Siti Hauzimah Wan Omar. (2019). Pengetahuan, Kemahiran, Sikap Dan Masalah Guru Dalam Melaksanakan Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah Bahasa Melayu di Sekolah Rendah. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu – JPBM 9(1), 56–57. Yates, A., & Johnston, M. (2018). The impact of school-based assessment for qualifications on teachers’ conceptions of assessment. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 25(6), 638-654. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0969594X.2017.1295020 Zahari Suppian, Nor Isa & Priyalatha Govindasamy. (2020). Penilaian Kendiri Guru Pelatih Terhadap Tahap Kemahiran Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah (PBD). Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan 2(4), 98–106.
Pengaruh Pengetahuan Terhadap Persepsi Risiko Mule Account Dalam Kalangan Pengguna Bank Digital (The Influence of Knowledge on Mule Account Risk Perceptions among Digital Bank Users)
Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti tahap pengetahuan pemegang akaun terhadap risiko penglibatan dalam aktiviti mule account serta persepsi mereka terhadap kemungkinan menjadi mangsa jenayah kewangan siber Mule account merujuk kepada individu yang membenarkan akaun bank mereka digunakan bagi tujuan pemindahan wang secara tidak sah sama ada secara sedar ataupun tidak, dan sering kali dikaitkan dengan penipuan dalam talian dan jenayah siber. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan secara kuantitatif dengan persampelan bertujuan, melibatkan pengumpulan data melalui borang soal selidik berstruktur dan analisis deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan walaupun majoriti responden mempunyai pengetahuan umum yang tinggi tentang konsep asas mule account seperti definisi, risiko undang-undang dan bentuk tawaran mencurigakan, tahap pengetahuan terhadap aspek praktikal seperti saluran pelaporan rasmi, aplikasi keselamatan, dan nombor hotline bank masih sederhana rendah. Kekurangan ini menyumbang kepada kelemahan kesedaran risiko dan tindakan pencegahan, termasuk persepsi bahawa kemungkinan menjadi mangsa adalah rendah. Implikasi kajian menegaskan bahawa peningkatan literasi kewangan praktikal dan pendedahan terhadap saluran perlindungan rasmi adalah penting bagi membentuk kesedaran dan mencegah eksploitasi akaun bank oleh rangkaian jenayah siber. Justeru, institusi kewangan dan pihak berkuasa perlu memperkukuh pendidikan pengguna dengan menekankan aspek pencegahan dan kemudahan akses maklumat keselamatan bagi mengekang pertumbuhan mule account di Malaysia. Abstract: This study aims to examine account holders’ level of knowledge regarding the risks of involvement in mule account activities, as well as their perception of the likelihood of becoming victims of financial cybercrime. A mule account refers to an individual who allows their bank account to be used for unauthorised money transfers, either knowingly or unknowingly. It is often linked to online fraud and cybercriminal networks. This study employed a quantitative survey design involving a purposively selected group of respondents. The data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics. The findings revealed that most respondents had a high level of general knowledge about mule accounts, including their definition, legal risks, and common forms of fraudulent offers. However, practical knowledge regarding official reporting channels, security applications, and bank hotline numbers was found to be moderately low. This gap in practical knowledge contributed to a lower awareness of personal risk and inadequate preventive actions among account holders. The study also found that individuals unaware of how to protect their accounts proactively were more likely to underestimate their risk of becoming victims. The findings highlight the importance of improving practical financial literacy and increasing public exposure to official protection channels to strengthen user awareness and prevent account exploitation by cybercriminals. The study recommends that financial institutions and relevant authorities enhance consumer education efforts by focusing on actionable preventive measures and improving access to official security information to curb the rise of mule accounts in Malaysia. References Aston, M., McCombie, S., Bossi, E., & Choo, K.-K. R. (2009). Malware for sale: An analysis of the advanced underground marketplace. Trends & Issues in Crime and Criminal Justice, (377), 1–6. Brenner, S. W. (2010). Cybercrime: Criminal threats from cyberspace. Praeger. Brown, T. (2017). Financial literacy and youth vulnerability to cybercrime scams. Journal of Youth Studies, 20(4), 489–504. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2016.1241862 Choo, K.-K. R. (2008). 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Journal of Financial Crime, 29(3), 712–728. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-10-2021-0210 Jones, L., Patel, R., & Wong, S. (2019). Money mules and youth: Understanding the appeal of quick cash. Journal of Financial Crime, 26(1), 211–225. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03- 2018-0034 Lee, H., & Smith, J. (2018). Awareness of online fraud among young adults: A Malaysian perspective. Asian Journal of Criminology, 13(3), 189–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11417-017-9256-1 Leukfeldt, E. R. (2014). Cybercrime and social ties: Phishing in Amsterdam. Trends in Organized Crime, 17(4), 231–249. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12117-014-9228-3 Leukfeldt, E. R., & Jansen, J. (2015). Cybercriminal networks, social ties and online forums: Social ties versus digital ties within phishing and malware networks. British Journal of Criminology, 56(3), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjc/azv049 Leukfeldt, E. R., Kleemans, E. R., & Stol, W. P. (2016b). 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International Journal of Computer Networks and Communications Security, 4(2), 41–55. Sabitha, M. (2006). Kaedah penyelidikan sains sosial. Pearson Malaysia. Smith, L., & Hernandez, M. (2021). Evaluating the effectiveness of anti-money mule awareness campaigns. Crime Prevention and Community Safety, 23(2), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41300-021-00112-x Smith, L., & Hernandez, M. (2021). Financial cybercrime and the role of awareness: Understanding vulnerabilities to money mule schemes. Journal of Financial Crime, 28(4), 1230–1245. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFC-03-2021-0058 Soudijn, M. R. J., & Zegers, B. (2012). Cybercrime and virtual currencies: Different sides of the same coin? Journal of Financial Crime, 19(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.1108/13590791211194707 Vedamanikam, V., & Chethiyar, S. D. (2020). Money mule: A threat to financial security. Journal of Money Laundering Control, 23(4), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMLC-12-2019- 0090
Connecting the World through Canals:An Analysis of Water Infrastructure in Diplomacy, Economic Relations, and Sustainable Development
Canals have long been a crucial component in the development of world civilisations, functioning not only as water infrastructure but also as symbols of diplomacy, economic power, and sustainable development that transcend geopolitical boundaries. This article examines the strategic role of canals in linking global societies, strengthening international trade, and fostering cultural exchange from both historical and contemporary perspectives. Employing a qualitative approach, the study underscores the significance of waterways such as the Suez Canal, the Panama Canal, the Kra Canal and others, as both physical and symbolic conduits that facilitate social, economic, and political integration. The findings reveal that canals have accelerated global mobility, shaped major maritime trade networks, and acted as instruments of economic diplomacy. Nevertheless, persistent challenges including geopolitical rivalries, uneven distribution of economic benefits, and ecological vulnerabilities continue to constrain the potential of canals as catalysts for global cohesion. This article argues for enhanced ecological monitoring and the establishment of a more inclusive framework for international cooperation to mitigate these challenges. By situating canals within the context of climate change and sustainable development, it advances a new perspective on water infrastructure as a critical element of global integration, capable of supporting social, economic, and ecological interconnectedness at the international level, thereby making a significant contribution to the academic literature. References Abdullah, M. F. (2024). Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) Through the Water Treaty Between Kedah and Perlis (1971-1999): Implications for Water Resource Management and Equitable Resource Sharing in Malaysia and Globally. 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Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(1), 121-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.617826. Fairchild, R. E. (2018). State-corporate Hegemony and Institutional Anomie Revisited: A Case Study of the Nicaragua Canal. [Master's thesis, the George Washington University]. Gardiner, V. (1987). The Indira Gandhi Canal, Rajasthan, India. Geography, 72(3), 251-252. https://doi.org/10.1080/20436564.1987.12452079. Galil, B. S., Nehring, S., & Panov, V. (2007). Waterways as invasion highways–Impact of climate change and globalization. Biological invasions, 193, 59-74. Haskin, F. J. (1913). The Panama Canal. Doubleday, Page & Company. Heine, E. C. (2014). Connect and divide: on the history of the Kiel Canal. The Journal of Transport History, 35(2), 200-219. https://doi.org/10.7227/TJTH.35.2.5. Hill, R. D. (2012). Rice in Malaya: A study in historical geography. NUS Press. Ho, C. S. W. (2020). Impact of the Kra Canal on Singapore's security. 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Jurnal Pendidikan Geografi: Kajian, Teori, dan Praktek dalam Bidang Pendidikan dan Ilmu Geografi, 25(1), 39-53.dx.doi.org/10.17977/um017v25i12020p039 Mostafa, M. M. (2004). Forecasting the Suez Canal traffic: a neural network analysis. Maritime Policy & Management, 31(2), 139-156. https://doi.org/10.1080/0308883032000174463. Okazaki, M., & Saito, S. (1989). Copper and zinc balance in soils, rice plants and aquatic systems in an area along the fuchu precipice line, Tokyo, Japan. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 43, 265-275. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279196. Özkanlısoy, Ö., & Akkartal, E. (2022). The effect of Suez Canal blockage on supply chains. Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi Denizcilik Fakültesi Dergisi, 14(1), 51-79. https://doi.org/10.18613/deudfd.933816. Pagano, A., Wang, G., Sánchez, O., Ungo, R., & Tapiero, E. (2016). The impact of the Panama Canal expansion on Panama’s maritime cluster. Maritime Policy & Management, 43(2), 164-178. https://doi.org/10.1080/03088839.2016.1140241. 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Pemerian Pengaruh Aspek Fonologi dan Leksikal Bahasa Melayu Dalam Pertuturan Penutur Natif Banjar (A Study of the Influence of Malay Phonological and Lexical Aspects in the Speech of Banjarese Native Speakers)
Orang Banjar telah menetap/menempati kawasan semenanjung Malaysia seawal abad ke-18. Daerah yang mempunyai populasi penutur banjar paling ramai di Malaysia ialah daerah Kerian di Negeri Perak. Seperti penutur etnik minoriti yang lain, masyarakat Banjar tururt berhadapan dengan pengaruh budaya tempatan, khususnya dari aspek bahasa. Motivasi instrumental dan perkahwinan campur merupakan antara faktor utama yang mendorong peluasan bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan masyarakat Banjar di Malaysia. Makalah ini bertujuan meneliti pengaruh bahasa Melayu dari aspek fonologi dan leksikal terhadap bahasa Banjar di Bagan Serai, Perak. Penutur natif Banjar dari Kampung Teluk Seribu, Kampung Teluk Medan, Kampung Sungai Gedong, Kampung Parit Tuan Bridge telah dipilih sebagai informan kajian menerusi/melalui kaedah snowball sampling. Kaedah temubual dan rakaman telah dimanfaatkan sepenuhnya dalam pengumpulan data, manakala analisis dilakukan menggunakan Linguistik Struktural deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa terdapat pelbagai unsur bahasa Melayu semakin menonjol dalam bahasa Banjar khususnya dalam fenomenaasimilasi, pengguguran dan pelenyapan bunyi, serta penerapan secara terus leksikal bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini turut berjaya membuktikan pengaruh bahasa Melayu melalui kewujudan fonem vokal Tengah [ə] dan konsonan [ɣ]. Hasil kajian ini memberi implikasi penting terhadap pembinaan jaringan variasi bahasa Melayu di Malaysia serta membuka perspektif baru tentang pertuturan bahasa Banjar moden. Abstract: The Banjar people have settled in the Malay Peninsula as early as the 18th century. The district with the largest population of Banjar speakers in Malaysia is Kerian, located in the state of Perak. Similar to other minority ethnic groups, the Banjar community is also subjected to the influence of local culture, particularly in terms of language. Instrumental motivation and intermarriage are among the primary factors driving the expansion of the Malay language within the Banjar community in Malaysia. This paper aims to examine the influence of the Malay language on the Banjar language in Bagan Serai, Perak, focusing on phonological and lexical aspects. Native Banjar speakers from Kampung Teluk Seribu, Kampung Teluk Medan, Kampung Sungai Gedong, and Kampung Parit Tuan Bridge were selected as informants using the snowball sampling method. Interviews and audio recordings were fully utilized for data collection, while analysis was conducted through descriptive structural linguistics. The findings reveal that various Malay linguistic features have become increasingly prominent in the Banjar language, particularly in phenomena such as assimilation, deletion and disappearance of sounds, as well as the direct adoption of Malay lexical items. The study also demonstrates the influence of the Malay language through the presence of the mid-vowel phoneme [ə] and the consonant [ɣ]. The results of this study carry significant implications for the construction of Malay language variation networks in Malaysia and open new perspectives on the speech patterns of modern Banjar. References Asmah Haji Omar. (1985). Susur Galur Bahasa Melayu. Kuala Lumpur: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Asmah Haji Omar. (2015). Susur Galur Bahasa Melayu. (Edisi ke-2). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Collins, J.T. & Naseh Hassan. (1981). Kajian Dialek Ulu Terengganu: Pemetaan dan Kesimpulan Awal, Akademika, 18, 1-35. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/4115/ Faris Imadi Fuze, Sharifah Raihan Syed Jaafar. (2023). Asimilasi Homorganik Nasal Imbuhan Pan- dalam Bahasa Banjar. Jurnal Bahasa, 23(2), 289-309. https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/jurnalbahasa/article/view/8776/4454 Freddie Aziz Jasbindar. (2019). 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International Conference on Social and Intellectual Transformation of the Contemporary Banjarese, 09-11 Agustus 2016, Banjar masin. https://idr.uin-antasari.ac.id/6230/1/Madam%20ka%20Banua%20Urang.pdf Mohd Khaidir Abdul Wahab & Mohd NorTaufiq NorHashim. (2020). Aspek Leksikal Kata Nama dalam Dialek Masyarakat Banjar di Mukim Bagan Serai, e-Jurnal Bahasa dan Lingusitik, 2(2), 67-78. https://ejbl.kuis.edu.my/index.php/e-jbl/article/view/50/19 Mohd Khaidir Abdul Wahab. (2022). Pengelompokan Bahasa Melayu dengan Bahasa Banjar dalam Salasilah Hipotetikal Bahasa: Kajian Perbandingan Leksikostatstik. Jurnal Melayu, 21(2), 1-21. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/18923/1/55499-182586-1-SM.pdf Nuwairi. (2003). Dialek: Taburannya di Negeri Perak daripada Perspektif Dialektologi. Jurnal Pengajian Melayu. Jilid 13, 88-99. Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2018). Dialek Melayu di Perak: Analisis Geolingusitik. International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 6(2), 69-82. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/12474/1/jatma-2018-0602-06.pdf Ong Su Teck, Nur Syahida Adilah & Rahim Aman. (2016). Fonologi Subdialek Pulau Pinang: Satu Kajian di Balik Pulau. Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 11(1), 186-201. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/11443/1/14450-39838-1-SM.pdf Rahim Aman, Nazihah Najwa Othman, Shahidi A.H, Ery Iswary, Anwar O.D. (2018). Rekonstruksi Dalaman Varian Banjar Beriah Purba. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 3(2), 92-106. https://journal.unisza.edu.my/jonus/index.php/jonus/article/view/292/152 Raja Mukhtaruddin. (1986). Dialek Perak. Yayasan Perak. Siti Aidah Lukin @ Lokin, Suraya Sintang, Johan Johnes. (2022). Sejarah Dan Pengalaman Hubungan Etnik di Sabah: Kesepaduan Dalam Kepelbagaian. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 19(6), 183-194. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/58115 Siti Saniah Abu Bakar & Sharala Subramaniam. (2012). Pengaruh Motivasi Instrumental Dan Integratif Dalam Pemilihan Strategi Pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu Dalam Kalangan Penutur Asing. Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 2(2), 54-62. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/5720/1/54-61%2520Saniah%2520et%2520al.UPSI.pdf Sa’adiah Ma’alip. (2019). Tahap Keterancaman Bahasa Masyarakat Kreol di Melaka. Akademika,89 (Isu Khas/Special Issue), 109-123. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/14996/1/31300-100745-1-PB.pdf Siti Noraini Hamzah. (2018). Penyebaran Bunyi dan Leksikal Dialek-dialek di Perak: Analisis Geolinguistik. [Tesis PHD, Program Linguistik. Pusat Kajian Bahasa dan Linguistik, Universiti Kerbangsaan Malaysia] Siti Noraini Hamzah, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin. (2018). Kepelbagaian Variasi Leksikal Dialek di Perak: Analisis GIS. AKADEMIKA, 88(1), 137-152. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/160010408.pdf Shahidi A.H., Nurul Huda Ariffin & Rahim Aman. (2021). Dialek Perak varian Kuala Kangsar: Satu Pemerian Fonetik Akustik. Jurnal Melayu, Isu Khas Disember 2021, 602-634. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/18395/1/52654-173149-1-SM.pdf Shahidi A.H., Mohamad Firdaus Azaharuddin & Rahim Aman. (2019). Variasi Leksikal Ganti Nama Diri dalam Varian Ulu Berang. Akademika, 89(Isu Khas), 125-137. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/14997/1/31302-100744-1-PB.pdf Shahidi, A.H., Nor Azwahanum Nor Shaid, Mohd Sharifudin Yusop, Marlyna Maros, Rahim Aman (2018). Fenomena sosiobudaya orang asli Kanaq dalam penguasaan bahasa Melayu: satu tinjauan awal. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,15(5), 146-156. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/29288 Sudarmo. (2017). Fonotaktik Bahasa Banjar. Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra dan Pembelajarannya, 6(2), 278-297 https://media.neliti.com/media/publications/75019-ID-none.pdf Mohd Tarmizi Hasrah & Mohammad Khirulanwar Abdul Ghani (2021). Dialek Melayu Baling: Satu pemerian awal. Jurnal Bahasa, 21(1), 193‒216. https://doi.org/10.37052/jb21(2)no2 Teo Kok Seong. (2005). Asimilasi Dialek Melayu Kelantan Dan Dialek Thai Kelantan Dalam Bahasa Cina Peranakan. Jurnal Bahasa, 5(1), 68-82. https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/jurnalbahasa/article/view/8539/4043 Yusmawati Yusoff & Mohd Khaidir Abdul Wahab. (2021). Kata Sapaan dan Rujukan dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Banjar Terpilih di Daerah Kerian Perak. Internation Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 11(2), 6-22. https://journal.ump.edu.my/ijleal/article/view/6536/1710 Zaharani Ahmad. (1991). The Phonology and Morphology of Perak Dialect. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Zubir Mohd Yunus. (2016, Ogos 2025). Kerian menjadi titik sempadan Perak, Kedah, Pulau Pinang. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/bhplus-old/2016/10/202554/kerian-menjadi-titik-sempadan-perak-kedah-pulau-pinang
Pemerian Sistem Fonologi Dialek Melayu Patani Varian Narathiwat: Analisis Struktural (Description of the Phonological System in the Patani Malay Dialect of the Narathiwat Variant: A Structural Analysis)
Abstrak: Dialek Melayu Patani merupakan salah satu dialek yang dituturkan secara meluas oleh masyarakat Melayu di wilayah selatan Thailand, khususnya di Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, serta sebahagian kawasan di Songkhla seperti daerah Sebayoi, Thepa, Nathawi dan Chana. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sistem fonologi yang terdapat dalam dialek Melayu Patani varian Narathiwat (DMPVN) dengan memberi tumpuan kepada dua komponen utama, iaitu sistem vokal dan konsonan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kajian ini ialah kualitatif deskriptif. Bagi memperoleh data dan maklumat linguistik yang relevan, dua kaedah utama telah digunakan iaitu kajian kepustakaan dan kajian lapangan. Lokasi kajian melibatkan enam buah kampung iaitu kampung Kresor (KRS), Buketa (BKT), Puyok (PYK), Munok (MNK), Benae Luwas (BNL) dan Aikubu (AKB). Secara keseluruhannya, DMPVN memiliki lapan vokal iaitu empat vokal depan /i/, /e/, /ɛ/ dan /a/; satu vokal tengah /ɘ/ dan tiga vokal belakang /u/, /o/ dan /ɔ/. Bagi konsonan pula, terdapat lapan belas konsonan yang terdiri daripada enam konsonan letupan /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/ dan /ɡ/; tiga konsonan geseran /s/, /ɣ/ dan /h/; dua konsonan letusan /ʧ/ dan /ʤ/; empat konsonan sengauan /m/, /n/, /ɲ/ dan /ŋ/; satu konsonan sisian /l/ serta dua konsonan separuh vokal /w/ dan /j/. Kajian ini memberikan sumbangan signifikan terhadap pengkajian dialektologi Melayu. Selain itu, kajian ini turut menjadi sumber ilmiah yang bermanfaat dan memperkayakan khazanah ilmu dalam bidang linguistik Melayu, khususnya berkaitan dengan dialek Melayu Patani. Abstract: The Patani Malay dialect is one of the dialects widely spoken by the Malay community in the southern region of Thailand, particularly in Pattani, Yala, Narathiwat, and parts of Songkhla such as the districts of Sebayoi, Thepa, Nathawi, and Chana. This study aims to describe the phonological system found in the Patani Malay dialect of the Narathiwat variant (PMDNV), focusing on two main components: the vowel and consonant systems. The approach used in this study was descriptive qualitative. Two primary methods were employed to obtain relevant linguistic data and information: library and field studies. The research location involved six villages: Kresor (KRS), Buketa (BKT), Puyok (PYK), Munok (MNK), Benae Luwas (BNL), and Aikubu (AKB). Overall, the PMDNV has eight vowels, namely four front vowels /i/, /e/, /ɛ/, and /a/; one central vowel /ɘ/; and three back vowels /u/, /o/, and /ɔ/. As for the consonant, there are eighteen in total, consisting of six plosive consonants /p/, /b/, /t/, /d/, /k/, and /ɡ/; three fricative consonants /s/, /ɣ/, and /h/; two affricate consonants /ʧ/ and /ʤ/; four nasal consonants /m/, /n/, /ɲ/, and /ŋ/; one lateral consonant /l/; and two semi-vowel consonants /w/ and /j/. This study provides a significant contribution to the study of Malay dialectology. In addition, it serves as a valuable scholarly resource and enriches the body of knowledge in Malay linguistics, particularly concerning the Patani Malay dialect. References Ajid, C. K. (1985). Dialek geografi Pasir Mas. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Asmah, H. O. (2015). Kaedah penyelidikan bahasa di lapangan (Edisi ke-2). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Chambers, J. K., & Trudgill, P. (1998). Dialectology. Cambridge University Press. Deela, S., Rahim, A., & Shahidi, A.H. & Rahanee, T. (2024). Dialek Melayu Patani: Tinjauan literatur bersistematik. Jurnal Melayu, 23(1), 77-93. https://ejournal.ukm.my/jmelayu/article/view/73658/15506 Deela, S., Rahim, A., & Shahidi, A. H. (2025). Lexical reconstruction of Proto-Patani: The case of Narathiwat variants. Jurnal Melayu, 24(1), 101-114. https://ejournal.ukm.my/jmelayu/article/view/86738/17165 Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Harishon Radzi, Junaidi Kasdan, Muhammad Faiz Aizuddin Suhami. (2019). Dialek Melayu Perlis: Pemetaan geodialek beraplikasikan GIS. Akademika, 89(2), 139-154. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2019-8902-11 Ibrohim, M. (2016). Pemetaan dialek geografi varian Yaha [Tesis sarjana tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Ibrohim, M. (2023). Penyebaran sistem vokal DMP di Yaha. RENTAS: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastera dan Budaya, 2, 267-287. https://doi.org/10.32890/rentas2023.2.12 Mahsun, M. S. (2005). Metode penelitian bahasa: Tahapan strategi, metode, dan tekniknya. PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Maps of World. (2025). Wilayah Narathiwat https://www.mapsofworld.com/thailand/provinces/narathiwat-map.html Mohd Tarmizi, H., Rahim, A., & Shahidi, A. H. (2014). Fosil dialek Melayu Hulu Pahang. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Mumad, C., Rahim, A., Shahidi, A. H., Nazihah Najwa, O., Suhailah, R., Nooraniza, A. B., Rusydiah, A. S., Fatin Hakimah, M. F., & Deela, S. (2017). Penerokaan maklumat linguistik dalam dialek Melayu Jugra: Penelitian fonologi struktural. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 12(3), 1-29. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/22485 Nik Anuar, N. M. (2006). Sejarah perjuangan Melayu Patani 1785-1954. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Norfazila, A. H., & Shahidi, A. H. (2024). Penyebaran fonem konsonan Melanau Balingian Sarawak. Jurnal Melayu, Isu Khas Disember (2024), 25-39. https://ejournal.ukm.my/jmelayu/article/view/81202/16612 Norfazila, A. H., Shahidi, A. H. & Wan Robiah, M. O. (2023). Variasi vokal dan diftong bahasa Melanau Sarawak. Geografia-Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 19(4), 245-262. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2023-1904-17 Nur Habibah, C. R., Rahim, A., & Shahidi, A. H. (2023). Dialek Hulu Perak Utara: Pendekatan linguistik perbandingan. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Paitoon, M. C. (1983). Dialek Melayu Patani dan bahasa Malaysia: Satu kajian perbandingan segi fonologi, morfologi dan sintaksis [Tesis sarjana tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Malaya. Paitoon, M. C. (2005). Transmorfofonologisasi suprafiks: Dialek Patani merentasi zaman. Jurnal Bahasa, 5(1), 51-67. http://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/jurnalbahasa/article/view/8538 Rahim, A. (2017). Linguistik bandingan bahasa Bidayuhik. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Rahim, A., Deela, S., & Shahidi, A. H. (2021). Dialek geografi Melayu Patani varian Waeng. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Ruslan, U. (2011). Keistimewaan dialek Melayu Patani. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Sareeyah, S. (2016). Fonologi bahasa Melayu Patani varian Yala: Kajian kes di kampung Saga dan Tanyung [Tesis sarjana tidak diterbitkan]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Shahidi, A.H. (2023). Pengantar fonetik dan fonologi bahasa Melayu. MK e-Solutions Sdn. Bhd. Shahidi, A.H., Mohamad Firdaus Azaharuddin, Rahim Aman & Muhamad Syahmi Shabri. (2020). Pemetaan isoglos varian dialek Terengganu berasaskan aplikasi sistem maklumat geografi. GEOGRAFIA OnlineTM Malaysian Journal of Society and Space. 16(4), 179-196. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2020-1604-13 Shahidi, A.H. & Mumad CheLaeh. (2020). Pemanjangan konsonan dalam dialek Melayu Patani. GEMA Online® Journal of Language Studies, 20(3), 181-198. http://doi.org/10.17576/gema-2020-2003-11 Shahidi, A.H. & Shirley Langgau. (2014). Penelitian akustik terhadap aspek sebutan bahasa Melayu oleh penutur Iban. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 9(2), 104-115. https://ejournal.ukm.my/ebangi/article/view/11090 Suraiya, C. (2020). The phonological of Patani Malay dialect: An analysis of Autosegmental theory. Indonesian Journal of Education, Social Sciences and Research (IJESSR), 1(2), 71-78. https://jurnal.umsu.ac.id/index.php/ijessr/article/view/5033 Worawit, B. (1990). Pengaruh bahasa Thai ke atas dialek Melayu Patani: Kajian kes sosiolinguistik di wilayah Pattani [Tesis sarjana tidak diterbitkan, Universiti Malaya].
Proses Fonologi Subdialek Melayu Bentong di Kampung Janda Baik, Pahang (Phonological Process Bentong Malay Subdialect in Kampung Janda Baik, Pahang)
Makalah ini meneliti dialek Pahang yang dituturkan di Kampung Janda Baik, Bentong, Pahang. Kajian terhadap dialek ini masih kurang dilakukan, khususnya di daerah Bentong. Objektif utama kajian ialah mengenal pasti proses fonologi yang wujud dalam Subdialek Melayu Bentong (SMB). Bagi mencapai tujuan tersebut, kajian menggunakan pendekatan fonologi generatif dengan reka bentuk kualitatif yang merangkumi kajian kepustakaan dan kajian lapangan. Data dikumpulkan melalui temu bual, rakaman, dan catatan bersama penutur natif, sebelum dianalisis menggunakan kaedah deskriptif. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa SMB mempunyai proses fonologi yang melibatkan bunyi vokal iaitu perluasan vokal, penyempitan vokal, dan nasalisasi vokal, serta proses fonologi yang melibatkan bunyi konsonan seperti pembentukan glotal [ʔ], pengguguran /r/, alternasi /s/, pengglotisan [ʔ], pengvelaran, penyisipan geluncuran, dan diftongisasi. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa dialek Pahang memiliki keunikan tersendiri yang membezakannya daripada dialek lain di Malaysia. Hasil kajian diharapkan dapat memperkaya khazanah ilmu linguistik Melayu dan menarik minat penyelidik lain untuk mengkaji dialek Pahang secara lebih mendalam. Abstract: The paper examines the Pahang dialect spoken in Kampung Janda Baik, Bentong, Pahang. There is lacks of studies on the Pahang dialect, especially in Bentong, Pahang. The main objective of this study is to determine the phonological process that occurs in Bentong Malay Subdialect (SMB). To chieve the objective, this study applied the generative phonology approach with qualitative research methods which includes literature review and field study. Data were collected through interviews, recordings, and field notes with native speakers, before being analyzed using a descriptive method. The finding shows that SMB has phonological process that involve involve vowels such as vowel reduction, vowel constriction, and vowel nasalization while phonological processes that involve consonants are glottal formation [ʔ], reduction of /r/, alternation of /s/, glottalisation of [ʔ], velarization, glide insertions and diphthongization. This study proves that the Pahang dialect has its own uniqueness, distinguishing it from other dialects in Malaysia. This study is expected to make a valuable contribution to the literature of the Pahang dialect as well as encourage other linguists to explore it in a more comprehensively and in greater detail. References Asiah Idris. (1989). Fonologi Dialek Pahang: Satu Kajian Awal di Kampung Sentang. Jurnal Dewan Bahasa 33 (6): 415-431. Asmah Haji Omar. (1985). Susur Galur Bahasa Melayu. (Edisi Kedua). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Chambers, J. K., & Trudgill, P. (1998). Dialectology. (Edisi ke-2). Cambridge University Press. Ismail Hussein. (1973). The Malay Dialects in the Malay Peninsular. Nusantara, 3(1), 69-79. James T. Collins. (1983). Dialek Pahang: Rangka Pengenalan. Jurnal Dewan Bahasa. 27, 7-29: 99-118. Junaidi Kasdan, Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Harishon Radzi & Ahmad Khairul Ashraaf Saar. (2019). Varian Kata Ganti Nama Dalam Dialek Melayu Pekan, Pahang: Analisis Geolinguistik. Prosiding Seminar Linguistik Kebangsaan (SLiK2019), (hlm 399-411). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356959454_Varian_Kata_Ganti_Nama_Dalam_Dialek_Melayu_Pekan_Pahang_Analisis_Geolinguistik [30 Jun 2023]. Kamaruzaman Moidunny & Zabidi Othman. (2021). Janda Baik: Perkampungan di Persisiran Banjaran Titiwangsa. SYFE Management Sdn. Bhd. Leli Dwirika. (2021). Fenomena-Fenomena Fonetis Dalam Bahasa Indonesia Dan Relasi Ortografisnya. Konferensi Linguistik Tahunan Atma Jaya. Universitas Katolik Atma Jaya. Mahsun. (2005). Metode Penelitian Bahasa. PT Raja Grafindo Persada. Marlyna Maros. (2010). Dialek Melayu Pekan: Penggunaan dan Pengekalan. Jurnal Bahasa, 10(1), 74-97. Merriem, S. B. 1998. Qualitative Research and Case Study Applications in Education. (Edisi ke-2). San Jossey-Bass. Mohamad Firdaus Azaharuddin, Shahidi A. Hamid & Rahim Aman. (2020). Pemetaan Variasi Fonologi dan Leksikal Dialek Hilir Perak. Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Mohd Shaffie. (1991). Metodologi Penyelidikan. (Edisi ke-2). Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Mohd Tarmizi Hasrah, Rahim Aman & Shahidi A. Hamid. 2010. Variasi Dialek Pahang: Keterpisahan Berasaskan Jaringan Sungai. Jurnal Melayu, 5, 315-332. Mohd Tarmizi Hasrah. (2019). Penasalan vokal dalam dialek Melayu Hulu Pahang. Jurnal Bahasa, 19(2), 199-230. Mohd Tarmizi Hasrah. (2022). Hulu Tembeling Sebagai Pusat Difusi Dialek di Lembangan Sungai Pahang. Jurnal Bahasa, 21(2), 133-148. Noor Azureen Hamid, Sharifah Raihan Syed Jaafar & Tajul Aripin Kassin. (2016). Sistem Fonologi Dialek Melayu Saribas Berasaskan Fonologi Generatif. Jurnal Bahasa, 16(1), 1-29. Nurul Ain Alizuddin, Fazal Mohamed Mohamed Sultan & Siti Noraini Hamzah. (2024). Kajian Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (SLR) Berkaitan Dialek Melayu Menggunakan Pendekatan Program Minimalis. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 21(2), 214-224. Ong Su Teck, Nur Syahida Adilah Suri & Rahim Aman. (2016). Fonologi Subdialek Pulau Pinang: Satu Kajian Di Balik Pulau, e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities,11 (1), 186-201. Portal Rasmi Majlis Perbandaran Bentong. t.th. Info Bentong. https://www.mpbentong.gov.my/ms/pelawat/info-bentong Samarin, William J. 1993. Linguistik Lapangan: Panduan Kerja Lapangan Linguistik. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Sri Sulihingtyas. (2013). Proses Fonologi Bahasa Belanda. Lensa: Kajian Kebahasaan, Kesusastraan dan Budaya, 3(1), 31-42. https://jurnal.unimus.ac.id/index.php/lensa/article/view/2666 Tajul Aripin Kassin. (2007). Penyebaran Geluncuran Dan Penyisipan Hentian Glotis Dalam Bahasa Melayu: Satu Analisis Autosegmental. Jurnal Bahasa, 7(1), 142-158. https://jurnal.dbp.my/index.php/jurnalbahasa/article/view/8482/4006 [14 Mei 2024]. Trudgill, P. & Chambers, J.K. (1990). Dialektologi. Terj. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Kecenderungan Budaya Politik Melayu Kontemporari Selepas Pru-14 (Trends In Contemporary Malay Political Culture After The 14th General Election)
Budaya politik merujuk kepada perlakuan masyarakat dalam aspek politik. Dalam konteks masyarakat Melayu kontemporari, budaya politik telah melalui perubahan yang drastik. Perubahan ini memberi kesan kepada negara apabila tumbangnya parti UMNO dalam Pilihan Raya Umum ke 14 (PRU-14). Sejak kejatuhan tersebut, Malaysia telah bertukar kerajaan sebanyak tiga kali dalam satu penggal, sekali gus memberi implikasi negatif terhadap ekonomi dan pentadbiran negara. Kajian ini bertujuan mengenal pasti kecenderungan pembentukan budaya politik Melayu kontemporari yang telah mengubah lensa politik tanah air bermula dari tahun 2018 hingga kini. Kajian ini dilaksanakan melalui sorotan karya bersistematik dengan memilih literatur yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2018 hingga 2025. Fokus perbincangan adalah terhadap budaya politik Melayu selepas PRU-14. Metodologi kajian menggunakan kaedah Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis (PRISMA) versi kemas kini pada tahun 2020. Empat proses PRISMA yang terdiri daripada pengenalpastian, penapisan, kelayakan dan penerimaan telah digunakan bagi menganalisis literatur yang terpilih. Hasil kajian menunjukkan kecenderungan utama dalam pembentukan budaya politik Melayu kontemporari dapat dilihat pada aspek tingkah laku dan persepsi, identiti politik, kepimpinan serta politik Islam. Kajian ini menemui sebanyak 19 artikel yang membincangkan kecenderungan budaya politik Melayu. Daripada jumlah tersebut, tujuh artikel menumpukan pada aspek tingkah laku dan persepsi, enam artikel kepada identiti politik, manakala tiga artikel masing-masing pada aspek kepimpinan dan politik Islam.Sumbangan kajian ini dapat memperluas perbandingan antara budaya politik lama dan kontemporari serta membantu dalam menentukan hala tuju politik negara dan masyarakat Melayu pada masa hadapan. Abstract: Political culture refers to the behaviour of society in political aspects. In the context of contemporary Malay society, political culture has undergone drastic changes. This change impacted the country when the UMNO party fell in the 14th General Election (GE14). Since that fall, Malaysia has changed governments three times in one term, which has had a negative impact on the country's economy and administration. This study aims to identify the trends in the formation of contemporary Malay political culture that have changed the political landscape of the country from 2018 to the present. This study was conducted through a systematic literature review, selecting literature published between 2018 and 2025. The focus of the discussion is on Malay political culture after the 14th General Election. The study methodology uses the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method updated in 2020. The four PRISMA processes of identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion were used to analyse the selected literature. The study results show that the main trends in the formation of contemporary Malay political culture can be seen in the aspects of behaviour and perception, political identity, leadership, and Islamic politics. This study found a total of 19 articles discussing Malay political culture. Of that number, seven articles focused on behavioural and perceptual aspects, six articles on political identity, while three articles each addressed leadership and Islamic politics. The contribution of this study can broaden comparisons between old and contemporary political cultures and help determine the future political direction of the country and the Malay community. References Abdul Muqit Muhammad, Awang Azman Awang Pawi & Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub. (2022). Analisis Sorotan Kajian: Keterancaman Melayu dalam Era Kolonial. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(10), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i10.1832 Abdul Muqit Muhammad, Awang Azman Awang Pawi & Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub. (2022). Analisis Isu-isu Keterancaman Melayu Terpilih Era Pentadbiran Pakatan Harapan. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(10), 1-23. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i10.1815 Ahmad Nidzamuddin Sulaiman. (2002). Budaya Politik dalam Masyarakat Majmuk di Malaysia dlm Abdul Monir Yaacob dan Suzalie Mohamad (pnyt.), Etika dan Budaya Berpolitik dari Perspektif Islam, Kuala Lumpur: Insitut Kefahaman Islam Malaysia Almond & Verba. (1989). The Civic Culture: Political Attitudes and Democracy in Five Nations. Carlifornia: Sage Publication. Hailan Salamun, Asyraf Hj Ab. Rahman, Hamdan Aziz & Rofishah Hj. Rashid. (2018). Malay Leadership Pattern in Malaysian Politics. The Journal of Social Sciences Research, 4(12): 451-458. https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.412.450.458 Hamidah Sulaiman, Muhammad Nazir Alias & Mohd Sham Kamis. (2018). Analisis Kritikal Mengenai Politik Islam Di Malaysia. ASEAN Comparative Education Research Journal on Islam and Civilization (ACER-J). 2(2), 1-17. https://spaj.ukm.my/acerj/index.php/acer-j/article/view/40/40 Hashim Hj. Musa. (2008). Hati Budi Melayu: Pengukuhan Menghadapi Cabaran Abad ke-21. Serdang: Penerbit Universiti Putra Malaysia. Ilyas Abdullah & Mohammad Tawfik Bin Yaakub. (2021). Kemunculan Masyarakat Sivil: Kesan Terhadap Transformasi Budaya Politik Melayu di Malaysia. Dalam Makmor Tumin, Sharifah Hayaati Syed Ismail & Mazlan Che Soh (pnyt.). Islam dan Dinamika Masyarakat Sivil di Malaysia, hlm. 75-106. Kuala Lumpur: Penerbit Universiti Malaya. Ilyas Abdullah & Muhammad Syakir Idris. (2023). Seven Key State Constituencies of Terengganu’s Politics (1999-2018). Akademika. 93(3), 99-109. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2023-9303-08 Ilyas Abdullah & Nurul Saadatun Nadiah Mohd Ngah. (2018). Dinamika Budaya Politik Melayu dalam Pilihan Raya Tahun 1999- 2018: Terhentinya Dominasi BN di Terengganu. Sains Insani. 3(2), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.33102/sainsinsani.vol3no2.58 Junaidi Awang Besar, Mohd Fuad Mat Jali, Mohd Faidz Mohd Zain. (2011). Kajian Budaya Politik Melayu Dalam Pilihan Raya Kecil Hulu Selangor, Selangor. Jurnal Melayu. (8), 153 – 172. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/3480/1/bil%25208%2520-%2520topik%25208.pdf Junaidi Awang Besar. (2021). Sentimen Kepartian dan Personaliti Pemimpin Pada Pilihan Raya Umum 2018: Kajian di Kawasan DUN Chempaka, Kelantan. Akademika. 91(1), 81-96. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2021-9101-07 Mary Bernstein. (2005). Identity Politics. Annu. Rev. Sociol, 31, 47–74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100054 Matthew J Page, Joanne E McKenzie, Patrick M Bossuyt, Isabelle Boutron, Tammy C Hoffmann, Cynthia D Mulrow, Larissa Shamseer, Jennifer M Tetzlaff, Elie A Akl, Sue E Brennan, Roger Chou, Julie Glanville, Jeremy M Grimshaw, Asbjørn Hróbjartsson, Manoj M Lalu, Tianjing Li, Elizabeth W Loder, Evan Mayo-Wilson,16 Steve McDonald, Luke A McGuinness, Lesley A Stewart, James Thomas, Andrea C Tricco, Vivian A Welch, Penny Whiting, David Moher. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 Statement: An Updated Guideline For Reporting Systematic Reviews. The BMJ, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/v7gm2 Mazli Mamat & Mohd Rahimi Ramli. (2021). Kecenderungan politik pengundi luar Kelantan di Lembah Klang pasca PRU-14: Suatu pemerhatian kritikal. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 17(3), 273-286. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2021-1703-20 Mazli Mamat, Mohd Mahadee Ismail, Ku Hasnita Ku Samsu & Zatul Himmah Adnan. (2023). Budaya Politik dalam Kalangan Pengundi Luar Kelantan di Lembah Klang Pasca PRU ke-14. Akademika, 93(3), 53-67. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2023-9303-05 Mohd Hazizi Ab Rahman, Wan Zulkifli Wan Hassan & Shamsul Azhar Yahya. (2024). Pendirian Syariah Terhadap Situasi Kontra Hegemoni Politik Melayu Di Malaysia. Malaysian Journal For Islamic Studies. 8(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.37231/mjis.2024.8.1.270 Mohd Mahadee Ismail. (2018). Budaya Politik Kontemporari Masyarakat Melayu di Semenanjung Malaysia: Satu Penilaian Kritis. Jurnal Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah. Special Issue, 470- 482. Mohd. Izani Mohd. Zain & Mohd. Daud Mat Din. (2022). Democratic Dilemma of Malay Islamic Party: PAS, Coalition Pattern, and Rising Social Issues. Indonesia Journal of Islamic Studies. 29(1), 83-105. https://doi.org/10.36712/sdi.v29i1.16330 Muhamad Atlizan Darlis, Awang Azman Awang Pawi & Mohammad Tawfik Yaakub. (2023). Faktor-Faktor Dominasi Politik Melayu di Selangor Tahun 2008 Hingga 2018. Journal of Sultan Alauddin Sulaiman Shah, 10 (1), 37-56. https://jsass.uis.edu.my/index.php/jsass/article/view/250 Muhammad Abdillah. (2021). Islam dan Budaya Politik Melayu. Jurnal Studi Islam, 17(2), 157-172. https://doi.org/10.19109/medinate.v17i2.17008 Nguyen Giang. (2024). Political Culture: A Literature Review. Journal of Thu Dau Mot University, 6(2),168-178. https://doi.org/10.37550/tdmu.ejs/2024.02.542 Nik Hairi Omar, Arena Che Kasim & Jamiah Manap. (2024). Pola Sikap dan Sokongan Pengundi Muda (Undi-18) Terhadap Integriti Calon dan Parti Dalam Pilihanraya Umum 15 (PRU15). e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanties, 21(3), 518-532. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2103.40 Noor Aina Iman Amli & Wai-Yan Wong. (2021). Pengaruh Ketidakstabilan Politik terhadap Mata Wang Tempatan. Jurnal Personalia Pelajar, 24(2), 181-188. https://doi.org/10.17576/personalia.2402.2021.01 Noor Sulastry Yurni Ahmad. (2017). Menilai Semula Konsep Hegemoni Dalam Budaya Politik Melayu. Jurnal Antarabangsa Dunia Melayu, 10(2), 65-78 Nur Diyana Sofiah Mohd Hazron & Junaidi Awang Besar. (2022). Partisipasi dan Persepsi Pengundi Luar Bandar Dalam Politik Pilihan Raya: Kajian Kes di Kawasan DUN Ajil, Hulu Terengganu, Terengganu. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 6(5), 1-17. https://spaj.ukm.my/jws/index.php/jws/article/view/508 Nur Elya Syafika Kamarozaman & Junaidi Awang Besar. (2021). Pandangan Pengundi Terhadap Kerajaan Negeri Terengganu Dan Kerajaan Persekutuan Di Kawasan Dewan Undangan Negeri (DUN) Bukit Besi, Dungun, Terengganu. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 5(3), 1-29 https://spaj.ukm.my/jws/index.php/jws/article/view/418 Shah Mohd Akmal Abdul Halim. (2022). Politik Lama Versus Politik Baharu: Dinamika Politik Melayu dalam Pilihan Raya Negeri Johor 2022. Global Journal Al-Thaqafah, 12(1), 111-138. https://doi.org/10.7187/gjat072022-7 Sim Hong Chin dan Siti Mistima Maat. (2022). Sorotan Literatur Bersistematik: Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kebimbangan Matematik Dalam Kalangan Pelajar Sekolah Menengah. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 7(9), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v7i9.1790 Siti Ruzana Ab Ghani, Rahila Omar, Azlizan Mat Enh & Russli Kamaruddin. (2020). Perkembangan Gerakan Islam - PAS Di Kelantan 1957-2000. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanties, 17(4), 40-59. https://doi.org/10.22452/sejarah.vol29no1.10 Sofia Shahida Badrul Hisham & Muhamad Nadzri Mohamed Noor. (2023). Peremajaan Semula UMNO Pasca PRU-14, 2018-2022. Jurnal Wacana Sarjana, 7(1), 1-10. https://spaj.ukm.my/jws/index.php/jws/article/view/516 Sohaimi Abdul Aziz. (2020). Machiavellian Political Manual In Politics: A Study Of Malaysian Political Realism As Reflected In Paradoks. Kajian Malaysia, 38(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.21315/km2020.38.1.1 Suruhanjaya Pilihan Raya. Keputusan PRU 14. https://www.spr.gov.my/ [Dicapai pada 1 Mei 2025]. Suzalina Halid. (2022, November 22). Undi Melayu berpecah, kerajaan campuran pasca PRU15 tak dapat dielak. Berita Harian. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2022/11/1023634/undi-melayu-berpecah-kerajaan-campuran-pasca-pru15-tak-dapat-dielak Tennant, J. P. (2020). Web of Science and Scopus are not global databases of knowledge. European Science Editing, 46, 1-3. https://doi.org/10.3897/ese.2020.e51987 Zawiyah Mohd Zain & Mohammad Agus Yusoff. (2015). The Emergence of Civil Disobedience: A Comparison During Dr. Mahathir and Abdullah Badawi’s Era. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 6(1), 279-285. http://dx.doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2015.v6n1s1p279 Zawiyah Mohd Zain. (2021). Budaya politik masyarakat Melayu: Satu analisis. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 17(1), 297-311. https://doi.org/10.17576/geo-2021-1701-22 Zulkifli Mohd Yusoff & Abdul Hafiz Abdullah. (2013). Pemimpin Menurut Pandangan Hamka:Satu Tinjauan Dalam Tafsir Al-Azhar (Leadership According to HAMKA: A Review on Tafsir Al-Azhar). Jurnal Al-Tamaddun, 8(1), 17-38. https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/JAT/article/view/8647
Bunga Anggerik di Atas Pagar: Satu Analisis Berdasarkan Perspektif Pengkaedahan Alamiah (Bunga Anggerik Di Atas Pagar: An Analysis from the Perspective of Pengkaedahan Alamiah)
Manuskrip Melayu merupakan khazanah intelektual yang mencerminkan keunggulan tamadun masyarakat Melayu tradisional dan juga warisan berharga yang ditinggalkan oleh para ulama serta cendekiawan Melayu hasil daripada pengaruh kedatangan Islam ke Alam Melayu. Manuskrip Melayu ialah sebuah dokumen bertulis tangan dalam tulisan Jawi yang merangkumi pelbagai bidang seperti agama, perubatan, undang-undang, sejarah dan sastera. Makalah ini memberi tumpuan kepada naskhah Bunga Anggerik di Atas Pagar iaitu sebuah manuskrip lama yang tidak terdapat dalam pangkalan data kajian di institusi pengajian tinggi sama ada peringkat tempatan mahupun antarabangsa. Ketiadaan rekod dalam pangkalan data menunjukkan bahawa naskhah tersebut belum pernah menjadi subjek dalam kajian akademik. Naskhah ini merupakan manuskrip yang berunsurkan Islam dan telah diperoleh dari Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia dengan kod manuskripnya MKM 4842. Kaedah analisis yang digunakan ialah Pengkaedahan Alamiah berdasarkan Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu yang digagaskan oleh Hashim Awang pada tahun 1989. Pengkaedahan Alamiah terbahagi kepada tiga bahagian iaitu pendekatan gunaan, moral dan firasat. Dapatan kajian memperlihatkan bahawa elemen persekitaran seperti alam sekitar memainkan peranan penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat, di samping moral positif dan negatif yang mampu dijadikan panduan kehidupan serta firasat mimpi sebagai petunjuk dalam menyelesaikan konflik. Perbincangan dalam makalah ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesedaran terhadap kepentingan manuskrip Melayu sebagai warisan intelektual yang bernilai tinggi. Abstract: The Malay manuscript is a valuable intellectual heritage that reflects the excellence of traditional Malay civilisation and serves as a legacy left by Malay scholars and intellectuals, influenced by the advent of Islam in the world. A Malay manuscript is handwritten in Jawi script which cover various fields such as religion, medicine, law, history and literature. This paper focuses on the manuscript Bunga Anggerik di Atas Pagar, an old Malay text that is not found in the research databases of higher education institutions, either locally or internationally. The absence of records in these databases indicates that the manuscript has yet to become the subject of any academic research. This manuscript which contains Islamic elements was obtained from the National Library of Malaysia and is catalogued under the manuscript code MKM 4842. The analytical method employed is the Pengkaedahan Alamiah based on the Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu introduced by Hashim Awang in 1989. Pengkaedahan Alamiah comprises three main approaches: practical, moral and intuitive. The findings of this study reveal that environmental elements such as the natural surroundings, play a significant role in the lives of the community, alongside both positive and negative moral values that can provide guidance in life. Additionally, dream are seen as signs that aid in resolving conflicts. The discussion in this paper aims to raise awareness of the importance of Malay manuscripts as a valuable intellectual heritage. References Awang, H. (1985). Mendekati kesusasteraan Melayu. Fajar Bakti Sdn. Bhd. Awang, H. (2002, June 28–29). Teori pengkaedahan Melayu dan prinsip penerapannya. Kertas kerja dibentangkan dalam Bengkel Kajian Teori Sastera Melayu, Riviera Bay Resort, Melaka. Baharum, S. F. (2023). Hikayat Nabi Musa Munajat: Satu kajian naskhah dan analisis moral [Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]. Pusat Pengajian Bahasa, Kesusasteraan dan Kebudayaan Melayu, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan. Bederohisam, N. S., & Idris, Z. (2020). Syair Suka Duka dalam Pelayaran ke Mekah: Satu analisis pengkaedahan keagamaan. Jurnal Melayu, 19, 287–305. Doi link Che Ya, C. A. (2018). Manifestasi kehidupan masyarakat Melayu dalam Bedar Sukma Bisu daripada perspektif pengkaedahan Melayu. Jurnal Melayu, 17(2), 328–342. Doi link Che Yaacob, M. F. (2022). Akal budi dalam cerita rakyat di Tumpat, Kelantan: Satu penelitian terhadap Pengkaedahan Alamiah. Jurnal Melayu, 21(1), 129–144. Doi link Ding, C. M. (2003). Kajian manuskrip Melayu: Masalah, kritikan dan cadangan. Utusan Publications & Distributions Sdn. Bhd. Emies, M.G.(1968). Bunga Rampai Melayu Kuno. Penerbit: Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Ghazali, M. R., & Radzi, S. B. M. (2019). Ketokohan Saidina Umar dalam dunia kesusasteraan Melayu: Tiga prinsip keadilan Islam menerusi Hikayat Abu Syahmah. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 16(5). Doi link kalau ada Harris, K. M. A. (2016). Ilmu ketatanegaraan Melayu Raja Ali Haji: Huraian terhadap Thamarat al-Muhimmah dan Mugaddimah fi Intizam Waza'if al-Malik. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka Humaira Publication Sdn Bhd. (2023). Al-Quran Al-Karim: Tajwid dan terjemahan Humaira (Surah Al-Baqarah, Ayat 219). Selangor. Ibrahim, N. A., & Ahmad, M. R. W. (2023). Unsur alam dalam Loagan Bunut karya Dahiri Saini: Suatu kritikan eko. Jurnal Melayu, 22(1), 89–103. Doi link Jamian, M. N., & Radzi, S. B. M. (2013). In search of a just leader in Islamic perspective: An analysis of traditional Malay literature from the perspective of adab. Asian Social Science, 9(6). Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Jamian, M. N., Hasanudin, M. I. W., & Torodji, A. S. (2023). Imej isteri misali dalam Hikayat Melayu-Islam: Penerapan metode dakwah melalui Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu. Akademika, 93(1), 237–250. Doi link Kamarudin, S. A., & Sujud, A. (2017). Jati diri Melayu dalam Kumpulan Puisi Terpilih A. Aziz Deraman: Analisis Teori Pengkaedahan Melayu. International Journal of Language Education and Applied Linguistics, 7(2), 47–63. Doi link Mana Sikana. (1945). Teori Sastera dan Budaya dalam Kajian Akademik. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. MKM 4842. (n.d.). Bunga Anggerik di Atas Pagar [Manuskrip tidak diterbitkan]. Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia. Mohamad, A. N. A., & Amin, R. (2016). Didaktik dan ketatanegaraan dalam Hikayat Isma Yatim [Didactic and governance in the Hikayat Isma Yatim]. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 13(4). Mohd Saleh, N. F. (2017). Hikayat Indera Mantri: Satu kajian naskhah dan analisis berdasarkan Pengkaedahan Alamiah (Pengkaedahan Melayu) [Tesis Sarjana, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia]. Pusat Pengajian Bahasa, Kesusasteraan dan Kebudayaan Melayu, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan. Pejabat Mufti Wilayah Persekutuan. (2019, Julai 20). Bayan Linnas Siri ke-182: Bahaya fitnah. https://www.muftiwp.gov.my/ms/artikel/bayan-linnas/3483-bayan-linnas-siri-ke-182 Yayasan Dakwah Islamiah Malaysia. (2019, bulan tarikh penerbitan). Hindari Fitnah Demi Perpaduan. https://www.yadim.com.my/. Qardawi, Y. (1998). Halal & haram dalam Islam. Penerbit Jasmin Enterprise.
Repetition is a common and significant feature in the Theatre of the Absurd, as it serves as a form of theatrical expression. Martin Esslin initially utilised this technique in 1968 to signify nonsensical speech, a type of communication between individuals.. This important characteristic is now frequently used to identify any perceived ridiculous play that has language that could mislead many people about the issues raised. From a different perspective, a similar strategy was used in local theatre, which led to the popularity of Absurd Theatre in modern Malay drama from the 1970s to the 1980s. This paper intends to focus on Mana Sikanan’s method of repetition as one of the significant techniques of Theatre of the Absurd in his works. The focus of the study is on Mana Sikana’s play, The Right Path, a translated version of the actual play, Mustaqima, from 1992, during the era of Experimental Theatre. It examines the method in ways that are relevant to local political and social developments of its time. Through his experiments, he gained insight into an individual who is struggling to define himself amid Malaysia's new, reorganised society. This study's implications will highlight its significance in the evolution and history of experimental theatre in modern Malay theatre. References Abdul Rahman Napiah. (1983). Esei dan kritikan drama.Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Ahmad Jafri Bahar & Fariza Md. Sham. (2023). Pendekatan Sabar dalam Pembentukan Akhlak Muslim Pelajar. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 20(1), 1 -16 https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2001.01 Ahmad Zaidi Baharuddin dan Ani Omar (2018). Pemikiran Mana Sikana dalam Drama. EDUCATUM – Journal of Social Science (EJOSS), 4 (1), 32-29. Anuar Nor Arai. (1993). Vacuum. In Zakaria Ariffin, Hajah Ainon Abu Bakar, and Zullkeply Mohamad (Eds.). Modern ASEAN plays Malaysia (pp. 183-199). Percetakan Season. Esslin, M. 1968. The Theater of the absurd. Pelican Books. Mohd Hapiz Mahaiyadin & Sumayyah Abdul Aziz. 2020. Taklid Mazhab Syafi’i di Malaysia: Satu Tinjauan dalam Konteks Maslahah Perpaduan Ummah. Journal of Contemporary Islamic Studies, 6(1), 151-167. Mohd. Fazli Bin Musa (2024). Keunggulan Kepengarangan Drama Renjong Berasaskan Prinsip Kehadiran Teori Teksdealisme. Jurnal Peradaban Melayu, 19(1),28-40. https://doi.org/10.37134/peradaban.vol19.1.3.2024 Mohd Hidayat Mahadi. Senaraikan nama penulis.(2025). Aplikasi Maqasid Shariah dalam Menangani Cabaran IsuPemikiran Kontemporari. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1), 532- 540. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.42 Kernodle, G.R. (1967). Invitation to the theatre. Harcourt, Brace and World, Inc. Lim Cheng Hoe. ( 23 May 2003). Politics play a part. The Star, Theatre 3. Mas RynnaWati Ahmad. (2011). Western existentialism in selected translated Malay absurd plays from an Islamic perspective.[Unpublished PhD thesis, Universiti Putra Malaysia]. Mas Rynna Wati Ahmad. (2013). Repetition in Anuar Nor Arai’s Vacuum. Jurnal Melayu, 11(1), 68-78. https://ejournal.ukm.my/jmelayu/article/view/5063/2615. Mas Rynna Wati Ahmad. (2013). Finding god in Dinsman’s it is not a suicide: an Islamic metaphysical approach. GEMA: Online Journal of Language Studies, 13(3), 223-235.https://ejournal.ukm.my/gema/article/view/4231. Mas Rynna Wati Ahmad. (2016). Searching for Absolute Happiness in Dinsman’s Play It Is Not a Suicide. Pertanika Journal of Social Science & Humanities, 24(S), 35-48. http://www.pertanika.upm.edu.my/pjssh/browse/special-issue?article=JSSH-S0131-2015. Mas Rynna Wati Ahmad. (2022). Existential Crisis in Anuar Nor Arai’s Vacuum. Journal Pengajian Melayu (JOMAS), 33(2), 146-161. https://ejournal.um.edu.my/index.php/JPM/article/view/39757/1502. Mohd.Ramli, Raman. (1991). Absurdisme dalam drama melalui analisis karya empat penulis kontemporari: Anuar Nor Arai, Johan Jaafar, Hatta Azad Khan dan Dinsman. (Unpublished Thesis Master of Arts, Universiti Malaya). Nur Nina Zuhrah. (1992). An analysis of modern Malay drama. Biroteks Mara Institute of Technology. Rahmah, Bujang & Nur Nina Zuhrah. (1988). It is not a suicide: A Malaysian youth dilemma.” MalayLiterature Journal, 1(1), 144-147. Ree, J. & Urmson, J.O.( 2005). The concise encyclopaedia of western philosophy. (3rd ed). Routledge. Schnebly, C. W. (1993). Repetition in Beckett, Pinter, and Albee. [Unpublished Ph.D dissertation, Texas A&M University]. Solehah Ishak. (1992). Protest: modern Malaysian drama. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Solehah Ishak. (1990). Trends of modern Malay theatre. Malay Literature Journal, 3(2), 162-172. Solehah Ishak. (1982). Tahap drama kontemporari-abstrak atau absurd drama Melayu 25 Tahun in Rahmah Bujang Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Solehah Ishak, 1993. General Introduction. In Zakaria Ariffin (Ed.). Modern ASEAN Plays: Malaysia. Percetakan Season Sdn. Bhd.
Sikap dan Motivasi Murid Sekolah Rendah dalam Kalangan Etnik Luar Bandar Terhadap Bahasa Melayu (Attitudes and Motivation of Primary School Students in Rural Ethnic Groups Towards the Malay Language)
Sikap dan motivasi dalam kalangan etnik di luar bandar terhadap bahasa Melayu akan mempengaruhi penguasaan bahasa tersebut.walaupun bahasa Melayu telah digunakan secara meluas oleh etnik-etnik Melayu, Cina dan Orang Asli di Terengganu dan Kelantan, namun, perbezaan status penutur bahasa Melayu sebagai penutur bahasa pertama dan bahasa kedua ini perlu dikaji kerana bahasa Melayu yang merupakan bahasa rasmi, bahasa kebangsaan dan bahasa perpaduan memerlukan penguasaan bahasa yang tinggi dalam kalangan rakyat Malaysia. Perbezaan status penutur bahasa Melayu ini memberi kesan terhadap penguasaan bahasa tersebut. Walaupun etnik Melayu, etnik Cina dan Orang Asli tinggal dalam komuniti yang sama di pantai timur sejak dahulu lagi, namun kecekapan komunikatif bahasa Melayu etnik-etnik ini masih kurang mendapat pehatian dalam kalangan para sarjana bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini bertujuan membincangkan sikap dan motivasi murid sekolah rendah dalam kalangan etnik Melayu, Cina dan Orang Asli di kawasan luar bandar di pantai timur terhadap bahasa Melayu. Data kajian diperoleh daripada 429 responden yang berumur 11 tahun di negeri Terengganu dan Kelantan melalui instrumen soal selidik yang ditadbir secara bersama dengan guru-guru sekolah. Pendekatan deskriptif digunakan dalam menghuraikan data kajian. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa majoriti murid etnik di kawasan luar bandar di pantai timur mempunyai sikap yang positif terhadap bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa yang penting. Guru-guru, sekolah, ibu bapa dan ahli keluarga pula menjadi pendorong utama motivasi untuk mempelajari bahasa Melayu. Sikap dan motivasi etnik di kawasan luar bandar di pantai timur terhadap bahasa Melayu yang positif memperlihatkan peluang yang cerah dalam kalangan etnik tersebut untuk meningkatkan penguasaan bahasa Melayu. Abstract: The attitude and motivation among ethnic groups in rural areas towards the Malay language will influence the mastery of the language. Although the Malay language has been widely used by the Malay, Chinese and Orang Asli ethnic groups in Terengganu and Kelantan, however, the difference in the status of Malay speakers as first and second language speakers needs to be studied because the Malay language, which is the official language, national language and unity language, requires a high level of language proficiency among Malaysians. This difference in the status of Malay speakers affects the mastery of the language. Although the Malay, Chinese and Orang Asli ethnic groups have lived in the same community on the east coast since long time, the communicative competence of the Malay language of these ethnic groups still receives little attention among Malay language scholars. This study aims to discuss the attitudes and motivation of primary school students among the Malay, Chinese and Orang Asli ethnic groups in rural areas on the east coast towards the Malay language. The study data were obtained from 429 respondents aged 11 in the states of Terengganu and Kelantan through a questionnaire instrument administered jointly with school teachers. A descriptive approach was used in describing the study data. The study findings showed that the majority of ethnic students in rural areas on the east coast have a positive attitude towards the Malay language as an important language. Teachers, schools, parents and family members are the main drivers of motivation to learn Malay. The positive attitude and motivation of ethnic students in rural areas on the east coast towards the Malay language shows a bright opportunity among these ethnic groups to improve their mastery of the Malay language. References Abdul Wahab, M.K., Subramaniam, I., Boon Dar, K., dan Pin Ling, L. (2025). Sikap Bahasa terhadap Bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan Murid di Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan Tamil di Negeri Perak, Pulau Pinang dan Kedah. International Online Journal of Language, Communication, and Humanities, 8(1), 24 – 37, https://doi.org/10.47254/insaniah.v8i1.249 Ambridge, B. & Lieven, V.M. (2001). Child Language Acquication: Constrasting Theoretical approaches. Cambridge University Press. Ammar Asyraf Mansor, dan Sa’adiah Ma’alip. (2020). Sikap bahasa terhadap bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan pelajar Melayu di Singapura. Jurnal Sarjana Wacana, 4(2), 1-17. Canale, M, dan Swain, M. (1980). Theoretical Bases of Communicative Approach to Second Language Teaching and Testing. Applied Linguistics, 1,1–47. Chew Fong Peng. (2016). Masalah pembelajaran bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan murid Cina sekolah rendah.: Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Melayu, 6(2), 10-22. Chew Fong Peng. (2023). Hubungan antara Persepsi, Sikap dan Pencapaian Bahasa Melayu Murid-murid Cina di Sekolah Kebangsaan Cina Pilihan. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 5(1), 41-59. Chew Fong Peng, dan Lee Tan Luck. (2009). Masalah pembelajaran Bahasa Melayu di kalangan pelajar Cina dan Melayu di Kuala Terengganu. 2 nd International Conference Issues in Language Teaching and Learning amongst Non-Native Speaker: Language Competence and Performance. 2-3 Disember, UiTM, Shah Alam. Edmund Austrus, Zamri Mahamod, dan Norhafizah Adnan. (2024). Factors Influencing Malays as a Second Language Learning in Essay Writing: A case study of Iban Ethnic Students in Sarawak, Malaysia. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(4), 16-25. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2104.02 Gardner, R.C. (1985) Social Psychology and Second Language Learning: The Role of Attitudes and Motivation. Edward Arnold. Johari Yap. (2000, Jun 15). Contohi Cina Kelantan. Sinar Harian. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/87817/KOLUMNIS/Contohi-Cina-Kelantan. [20 Jun 2021] Juliana Mohd Janjang, Mohamed Yusoff Mohd Nor, dan Aida Hanim A. Hamid. (2023). Parents' Challenges Against The Intention of The Implementation of The 12-Year Compulsory Education Policy in Malaysia.). e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 20(4), 116-128, https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2004.10 Kridalaksana, H. (2001). Kamus Linguistik. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Lim Chong Hin. (2007). Penyelidikan Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif dan Kualitatif. McGraw Hill. Mohd. Najib Abdul Ghafar. (2003). Reka Bentuk Tinjauan Soal Selidik Pendidikan. Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Mohd Asri Harun, Zulkifley Hamid dan Kartini Abd. Wahab. (2017). Kajian perbandingan sikap dan kecekapan komunikatif bahasa Melayu dalam kalangan murid-murid Melayu bandar dan luar bandar. Jurnal Melayu, Isu Khas, 289-303. Mohammad Najib Ghafar. (1999). Penyelidikan Pendidikan. Penerbit UTM. Muhammad Faris Abdul Fatah & Muhamad Faisal Ashaari. (2020). Asimilasi masyarakat Cina dengan orang Melayu di Kelantan. International Journal of Civilizational Studies and Human Sciences, 3(2), 186-198. Nor Azizah Othman. (2025). Dari Bowrey ke Bowen: Evolusi Legasi Linguistik Antropologi di Kepulauan Melayu e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 22(1), 573-582, https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.46 Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin, Junaini Kasdan dan Zaharani Ahmad. (2010). Sosiokognitif Pelajar Remaja Terhadap Bahasa Melayu. GEMA Online Journal of Language Studies,10(3), 67-87. Norizah Ardi. (2005). Sikap terhadap bahasa Melayu dan penggunaannya di kalangan pelajar universiti di Selatan Thailand. [Tesis Doktor Falsafah Universiti Malaya]. Nurhijrah Binti Zakaria, Zuria Binti Mahmud & Mohd mahzan Awang. (2019). Penggunaan Bahasa Melayu dalam Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran: Sejarah, realiti dan cabaran di sekolah pelbagai teknik. Prosiding Seminar Antarabangsa Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastera dan Budaya Melayu Kedua 2019. Pembangunan dan cabaran masa depan pendidikan bahasa, sastera, dan budaya Melayu (halaman 1152-1166). Rohaidah Kamaruddin, Muhammad Nur Akmal Rosli, Tuan Nur Aisyah Tuan Abdul Hamid, Nor Sahaya Hamzah dan Minah Mohammed Salleh. (2019). International Journal of English Language and Literature Studies, 8(4), 135-145. Shanmugam, D.& Mohamad Nasri, dan Nurfaradilla. (2021). Sikap Dan Motivasi Murid India Sekolah Rendah Pedalaman Tamil Dalam Mempelajari Bahasa Melayu Sebagai Bahasa Kedua. Jurnal Dunia Pendidikan, 3(3), 331-341. Subramaniam, R. , Muhammad Zuhair Zainal, dan Fadzilah Amzah.(2023). Kesediaan Guru Bahasa Melayu Menengah Rendah Menjalankan Pengajaran dan Pembelajaran di Rumah (PdPr) Penulisan Karangan. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 20(2), 60-73, https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2023.2002.06. Zulkifley Hamid, Rahim Aman dan Karim Harun. (2010). Sikap terhadap Bahasa Melayu: Satu Kajian Kes di Pantai Timur Semenanjung. Jurnal Melayu, 5, 163-176.
Pemuliharaan Masjid Lama Pengkalan Kakap, Merbok, Kedah Darul Aman (Conservation of the Masjid Lama Pengkalan Kakap, Merbok, Kedah Darul Aman)
Makalah ini membincangkan usaha pemuliharaan Masjid Lama Pengkalan Kakap, Merbok, Kuala Muda, Kedah Darul Aman. Masjid bersejarah ini berkeluasan kecil dan sesuai menampung 40 orang jemaah. Ia didirikan oleh para pedagang Islam sekitar tahun 1800 Masihi atau mungkin lebih awal. Masjid ini merupakan warisan budaya ketara yang menyimpan nilai peradaban silam yang penting untuk dikenang. Namun, masjid ini pernah tertimbus akibat runtuhan tanah sehingga menyebabkan kerosakan pada strukturnya dan tidak dapat digunakan. Setelah ditemukan, pihak Kerajaan Negeri telah melaksanakan beberapa inisiatif pemuliharaan dari semasa ke semasa. Oleh itu, objektif kajian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pendekatan yang digunakan dalam usaha pemuliharaan masjid bersejarah ini. Kajian ini menggunakan reka bentuk kualitatif berkonsep etnografi. Kajian lapangan dijalankan di lokasi masjid melalui kaedah pemerhatian dan temu bual bersama beberapa informan terpilih bagi memperoleh data primer yang sesuai dan mencukupi. Selain itu, kajian perpustakaan turut dilakukan bagi mendapatkan data sokongan. Data dianalisis secara kandungan menggunakan pendekatan pemuliharaan yang digariskan dalam Garis Panduan Pemuliharaan Bangunan Warisan, Jabatan Warisan Negara (Julai 2012). Hasil kajian mendapati tiga pendekatan utama digunakan dalam pemuliharaan masjid ini iaitu penyenggaraan (maintenance), pengekalan (preservation) dan pemulihan (rehabilitation). Pengekalan merujuk kepada usaha memastikan struktur, reka bentuk dan nilai sejarah masjid dikekalkan. Penyenggaraan pula melibatkan aspek pengurusan berterusan termasuk pentadbiran dan teknikal oleh pihak berkaitan. Sementara itu, pemulihan struktur bangunan lama melibatkan proses penilaian, perancangan dan pelaksanaan langkah-langkah memperbaiki atau memulihkan binaan masjid yang rosak akibat faktor usia. Kesimpulannya, hasil kajian ini dapat menambahkan minat para pengkaji untuk meneruskan penyelidikan mengkaji mengenai sejarah dan binaan masjid ini dengan lebih mendalam. Abstract: This paper discusses the conservation efforts for the Old Pengkalan Kakap Mosque in Merbok, Kuala Muda, Kedah Darul Aman. This historic mosque is small and can accommodate 40 worshippers. It was founded by Muslim merchants around 1800 adv or possibly earlier. This mosque is a tangible cultural heritage that preserves the values of ancient civilisation, which are important to remember. However, this mosque was once buried by a landslide, causing damage to its structure and making it unusable. After being found, the state government has implemented several conservation initiatives from time to time. Therefore, the objective of this study is to analyse the approaches used in the conservation efforts of this historic mosque. This study uses a qualitative design with an ethnographic concept. Field research was conducted at the mosque location using observation and interviews with selected informants to obtain relevant and sufficient primary data. Additionally, a literature review was also conducted to obtain supporting data. The data was analysed content-wise using the conservation approach outlined in the Guidelines for the Conservation of Heritage Buildings, National Heritage Department (July 2012). The study found that three main approaches were used in the conservation of this mosque: maintenance, preservation, and rehabilitation. Preservation refers to efforts to ensure the structure, design, and historical value of the mosque are maintained. Maintenance, on the other hand, involves continuous management aspects including administrative and technical aspects by the relevant parties. Meanwhile, the restoration of old building structures involves a process of assessment, planning, and implementing steps to repair or restore the mosque's construction damaged by age. In conclusion, the results of this study can increase the interest of researchers to continue investigating the history and construction of this mosque in more depth. References Afiszal Abu Shaari. (2024). Pemuliharaan Masjid Pengkalan Kakap, Merbok. [Temu bual. 28 Februari]. Ahmad Azam Sulaiman & Ahmad Rafiq Kamaruddin. (2025. Ekspolorasi Pengurusan Dana Masjid Al-Muktafi Billah Shah, Terengganu (e-Bangi-Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 22(1). http://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2025.2201.10 Al-Qaradawi, Yusuf. (2009). Wujud Allah. Wahbah Publisher. Anon. (2022, 28 Jun). Designing buildings the construction Wiki. https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk /wiki/Building_fabric Daeng Haliza Daeng Jamal & Zuliskandar Ramli. (2021). Pemuliharaan beberapa bangunan bersejarah di Kelantan: tinjauan ke atas penglibatan komuniti setempat dalam suai guna semula. Malaysian Journal of Society and Space, 17(2), 461-474. Eldien, H. H., Bongwirnso, U. M & Hammad, E. (2022). Impact of Mihrab Geometry on The Acoustics of Mosque. Conference: The 51st International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering -InterNoise 2022. 1-14. Fuad Mohamed Berawi. (2017). Metodologi Penyelidikan: Panduan Membuat Tesis. UUM Press. Grady, J. S., Her, M., Moreno, G., Perez, C., & Yelinek, J. (2019). Emotions in storybooks: A Comparison Of Storybooks That Represent Ethnic and Racial Groups in The United States. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 8(3), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000185 Haryati Shafii, Siti Nur Isma Zura Zulika Md Jamil, Azlina Md Yassin, Haidaliza Masram & Roshartini Omar. (2021). Pengurusan Penyelenggaraan Kemudahan Infrastruktur di Kawasan Ekopelancongan Sungai Muar, Johor. Research In Management of Technology and Business, 2(1), 651–667. https://doi.org/10.30880/rmtb.2021.02.01.050 Jabatan Warisan Negara. (2014). Laporan kajian dilapidasi Masjid Lama Pengkalan Kakap, Merbok, Kedah Darul Aman. Kementerian Pelancongan & Kebudayaan. https://www.motac.gov. my/ar/ar14/files/basic-html/page313.html Jabatan Warisan Negara. (2015). Laporan akhir cadangan kerja-kerja pemuliharaan, Masjid Alam Pengkalan Kakap, Merbok, Kedah Darul Aman. Kementerian Pelancongan Dan Kebudayaan Malaysia. https://www.motac.gov.my/ar/ar15/files/basic-html/page270.html Jabatan Warisan Negara. (2017). Garis Panduan Pemuliharaan Bangunan Warisan. Kementerian Pelancongan Dan Kebudayaan Malaysia. https://www.heritage.gov.my/my/muat-turun/9-garis-panduan.html Jabatan Warisan Negara. (2017). Garis Panduan Pemuliharaan Bangunan Warisan. Kementerian Pelancongan Dan Kebudayaan Malaysia. heritage.gov.my Nik Sharifullah Nik Kob (2000). Sistem Pengurusan Penyelenggaraan Bangunan Institut Kemahiran Mara. [Bachelor Degree Thesis, Universiti Teknologi Mara]. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/15459/ Md. Asrul Nasid Masrom & Zulhaida Abdul Kadir. (2020). Cabaran dalam pemuliharaan bangunan Istana Lama Seri Menanti di Negeri Sembilan. Research in Management of Technology and Business, 1(1), 647-662. Meljev Singh Sidhu. (2021). Kayu Sebagai Bahan Binaan di Lembah Bujang Dan Perbandingan Dengan Tapak-Tapak Yarang, Takuapa Dan Batujaya. AKADEMIKA, 91(2), 145-155. Mohd Ismail Mustari, Bushrah Basiron, Kamarul Azmi Jasm, Ajmain@Jimain Safar, & Azhar Muhammad. (2017). Membangun Potensi Masjid Sebagai Sebuah Institusi Pendidikan Islam & Masyarakat. Tinta Artikulasi Membina Ummah (TAMU), 3(2), 46-58. Muhammad Salehuddin Zakaria, Hairulnisak Merman, Muhammad Fikri Saidi Othman. (2022). Pengaruh Kepelbagaian Budaya Seni Reka Masjid di Negara Asia. KUPAS SENI, 10(2), 46-58. Nasha Rodziadi Khaw dan Nazarudin Zainun. (2019). Lembah Sungai Merbok-Muda: Dari Era Kemerosotan Kedah Tua Hingga Pascakemerdekaan. Penerbit Universiti Sains Malaysia. Noor Hafiza Ismail, Azni Hanim Hamzah & Mohd Fauzan Mat Sari. (2019). Keindahan Ukiran Kayu Pada Mimbar Masjid Terengganu Pada Tahun 2009 Hingga 2014. Jurnal Inspirasi Seni Intelektual,81-95. Nur Azmina Aiman. (2022). Penglibatan Komuniti Dalam Pemuliharaan & Pemeliharaan Masjid Warisan: Kajian di Masjid Pengkalan Kakap, Merbok, Kedah. [Bachelor Degree Thesis, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan]. UMK Repository. http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/3721/ Nur Sahira Zainuddin. (2021). Kajian Kes Terhadap Pemuliharaan Bangunan Masjid Lama Kampung Tuan Yang Telah Melakukan Penambahbaikan Pada Struktur Binananya. [Bachelor Degree Thesis, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan]. UMK Repository. http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/4008/ Nurul Wahida Safiyudin. (2023). Kajian Keistimewaan Tipologi Rekabentuk Senibina Pondok Surau Tok Janggut (Tuan Guru Haji Ahmad) dan Menara Azan di Langgar, Kedah. [Bachelor Degree Thesis, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan]. UMK Repository. http://discol.umk.edu.my/id/eprint/12977/ Pradisa, A. P. S. (2017). Perpaduan Budaya Islam dan Hindu dalam Masjid Menara Kudus. Kertas Prosiding Seminar Heritage IPLBI, A213-A218. https://www.researchgate.net/publication /328258932_Perpaduan_Budaya_Islam_dan_Hindu_dalam_Masjid_Menara_Kudus Siti Hajar Aziz & Aizan Ali @ Mat Zin. (2021). Masjid: Sejarah Penulisan Seni Bina Islam di Malaysia. Jurnal al-Muqaddimah,9(1), 53-71. Siti Nur Shazlina Mohd Noor Safar, Nur Fatihah Sidi Ahmad, Mohd Nazir Ahmad, Azman Mat Isa dan Ahmad Nazri Mansor. (2022). Jejak Warisan: Masjid Lama Kampung Tuan. Jurnal Sejarah Lisan Malaysia, 6(1), 46-72. Siti Nurain Marzuki, Agnes Amoi Anak Sudin, Dorathy Sebi Anak Nelson Atang, Aini Atiqah Nor Arsat, Nurul Liyana Zainal Abidin, Nurul Fadilah Mohd. Nawi & Er, A. C. (2021). Tarikan Pelancongan Berasaskan Warisan di Kuala Lumpur. e-Bangi: Jpurnal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 18(2), 243-261. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/16958/1/46780-151102-1-SM.pdf Undang-Undang Malaysia. (2006, Jun 1) Akta Warisan Kebangsaan 2005 (Akta 645). https://gtwhi.com.my/wp-content/uploads/2020/12/Akta-Warisan-Kebangsaan-2005.pdf
Kata Kerja Tanpa Argumen Dalam Bahasa Melayu (Zero-Argument Verbs in Malay)
Makalah ini bertujuan menghuraikan kata kerja tanpa argumen dalam bahasa Melayu. Secara umum, kata kerja dalam bahasa Melayu sering dianggap mempunyai argumen sama ada berbentuk subjek ataupun objek dalam binaan ayatnya. Walau bagaimanapun, belum terdapat kajian mendalam yang meneliti secara khusus kata kerja tanpa argumen dalam bahasa Melayu. Ramli (1995) pernah menyentuh tentang subjek pleonastik di dalam bukunya. Namun, perbincangan tersebut hanya bersifat sepintas lalu dan tidak pernah dikaji secara mendalam sehingga kini. Sehubungan itu, kajian ini menumpukan dua jenis kata, iaitu hujan dan panas yang boleh berfungsi sebagai kata kerja. Menurut Kamus Dewan Perdana, kata hujan berstatus kata nama, manakala panas termasuk dalam golongan kata adjektif. Dengan kata lain, bagi membuktikan bahawa bahasa Melayu mempunyai/memiliki kata kerja tanpa argumen, kata kerja cuaca hujan dan panas dipilih atas rasional bahawa kata-kata ini dapat berfungsi sebagai predikat yang berdiri sendiri tanpa sebarang argumen, termasuk frasa nama subjek dalam ayat. Kajian ini hanya menumpukan pada kata kerja cuaca dalam bahasa Melayu baku. Dapatan kajian membuktikan bahawa kata kerja cuaca ialah sejenis kata kerja tanpa argumen dalam bahasa Melayu. Hal ini demikian kerana bahasa Melayu tergolong ke dalam jenis bahasa pro-drop (subjek boleh digugurkan) dan tidak memerlukan subjek nyata, mahupun subjek pleonastik. Dengan erti kata lain, bahasa Melayu kadangkala tidak memerlukan subjek nyata (overt subject) di dalam binaan ayatnya. Kajian ini membuktikan bahawa kata hujan dan panas boleh berdiri sendiri sebagai unsur predikat, dan boleh didahului atau diikuti oleh frasa adverba. Abstract: This paper aims to elaborate on verbs without arguments in the Malay language. Generally, Malay verbs are considered to possess arguments, whether subject arguments or object arguments within sentence constructions. However, no in-depth study has been conducted on verbs without arguments in Malay. Ramli (1995) briefly touched on the concept of pleonastic subjects in his book. Nevertheless, his discussion was only mentioned in passing and has not been examined thoroughly to date. Therefore, this study focuses on two types of words hujan (rain) and panas (hot) which can function as verbs. According to the Kamus Dewan Perdana, hujan is categorized as a noun, while panas falls under the adjective class. In other words, to demonstrate that Malay has verbs without arguments, the weather-related verbs hujan and panas are selected based on their rationale as weather verbs that can stand alone without any arguments, namely without a subject noun phrase in the sentence. In this regard, the study will concentrate solely on weather verbs in standard Malay. The findings confirm that weather verbs are a type of verb without arguments in Malay. This is because Malay is classified as a pro-drop language (where the subject can be omitted) and does not require any subject, including pleonastic subjects. In other words, Malay sometimes does not require an overt subject in its sentence structure. This study demonstrates that hujan and panas can stand independently as predicate elements and may be preceded or followed by adverbial phrases. References Alias, N., & Abdullah, N. S. A. (2020). Frasa adverba dalam Tuhfat al-Nafis. Jurnal Melayu, (Isu Khas Disember 2020), 390–404. https://journalarticle.ukm.my/16326/ Alizuddin, N. A., Sultan, F. M. M., & Hamzah, S. N. (2024). Kajian Tinjauan Literatur Sistematik (SLR) berkaitan dialek Melayu menggunakan pendekatan Program Minimalis. e-Bangi: Journal of Social Sciences & Humanities, 21(2), 214–224. https://doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.19 Allsop, J. (1983). Cassell’s students’ English grammar. Cassell. Allwood, J., Andersson, L.-G., & Dahl, Ö. (1993). Logic in linguistics. Cambridge University Press. Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. MIT Press. Chomsky, N. (1981). Lectures on government and binding: The Pisa lectures. Foris Publications. Davies, W. D., & Dubinsky, S. (2004). The grammar of raising and control: A course in syntactic argumentation. Blackwell Publishing. Grimshaw, J. (1990). Argument structure. MIT Press. Haegeman, L. (2020). Introduction to government and binding theory (2nd ed.). Wiley-Blackwell. (Original work published 1994). Omar, A. H. (2009). Nahu Melayu mutakhir (Edisi kelima). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Hale, K. (1983). Warlpiri and the grammar of non-configurational languages. Natural Language & Linguistic Theory, 1(1), 5–47. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00210374 Jackendoff, R. S. (1992). Semantic structures. MIT Press. Jackendoff, R. (2002). Foundations of language: Brain, meaning, grammar, evolution. Oxford University Press. Kader, M. B. H. (1981). The syntax of Malay interrogatives. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Karim, N. S., Onn, F. M., Musa, H. H., & Mahmood, A. H. (2015). Tatabahasa Dewan (Edisi ketiga). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Morenberg, M. (2014). Doing grammar (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. Nomoto, H. (2017). Sintaksis nominalisasi bahasa Melayu. In R. A. Razak & R. Yusoff (Eds.), Aspek teori sintaksis bahasa Melayu (pp. 71–117). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. Rothstein, S. D. (1995). Pleonastics and the interpretation of pronouns. Linguistic Inquiry, 26(3), 499–529. Salam, R. (2019). Penandaan kasus bahasa Melayu [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. Salleh, R. (1995). 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Amalan Ritual Miring dalam Sambutan Perayaan Hari Gawai Sandau Ari Masyarakat Iban di Daerah Pakan, Sarikei, Sarawak (Miring Ritual Practices in Celebration of Gawai Sandau Ari Day of The Iban Community in Pakan District, Sarikei, Sarawak)
Masyarakat Iban mempunyai banyak budaya menarik yang tidak diamalkan oleh suku kaum lain di Sarawak. Gawai Sandau Ari merupakan sebuah perayaan yang diraikan oleh masyarakat Iban dengan penuh adat dan pantang larang yang masih kekal dipegang sejak turun temurun. Amalan ini merupakan upacara penting dan unik dalam tradisi masyarakat Iban di Sarawak. Gawai Sandau Ari lazimnya bersifat lebih individual atau kekeluargaan. Nama "Sandau Ari" bermaksud "tengah hari" atau "puncak hari," dan pelaksanaannya pada siang hari. Gawai Sandau Ari merupakan amalan melibatkan ritual penting yang dikenali sebagai ritual miring. Ritual miring merupakan kemuncak perayaan Gawai Sandau Ari dalam masyarakat Iban. Ia merupakan sebuah ritual persembahan dan/serta medium komunikasi dengan alam spiritual. Objektif penulisan ini adalah untuk menjelaskan amalan ritual miring dalam sambutan perayaan Hari Gawai Sandau Ari masyarakat Iban di daerah Pakan, Sarikei, Sarawak. Kajian ini dijalankan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif melalui kaedah kajian lapangan dan temu bual separa berstruktur bersama tokoh yang berpengetahuan dalam perayaan Gawai. Sampel kajian terdiri daripada ketua adat yang mahir dalam melaksanakan ritual ini. Seterusnya kaedah kepustakaan turut digunakan bagi menyokong data utama yang diperolehi melalui kajian lapangan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa amalan Gawai Sandau Ari dan ritual miring masih terusdiamalkan oleh masyarakat Iban di rumah panjang kawasan Segala aspek pelaksanaan amalan ritual masih dikekalkan dan perlu mengikut prosedur yang telah ditetapkan. Walaupun arus modenisasi telah semakin berkembang, ritual tradisional ini masih aktif dipraktikkan oleh masyarakat Iban dan terus diwarisi hingga kini. Abstract: The Iban community has many interesting cultures that are not practiced by other tribes in Sarawak. Gawai Sandau Ari is a festival celebrated by the Iban community with full customs and taboos that have been held for generations. This practice is an important and unique ceremony in the tradition of the Iban community in Sarawak. Gawai Sandau Ari is usually more individual or family in nature. The name "Sandau Ari" means "midday" or "peak of the day," and it is carried out during the day. Gawai Sandau Ari is a practice involving important rituals known as the miring ritual. The miring ritual is the highlight of the Gawai Sandau Ari celebration in the Iban community. It is a ritual of presentation and/or a medium of communication with the spiritual realm. The objective of this writing is to explain the practice of the miring ritual in the celebration of the Gawai Sandau Ari Day of the Iban community in the Pakan district, Sarikei, Sarawak. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach through field research methods and semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable figures in the Gawai celebration. The study sample consisted of traditional chiefs who were skilled in performing this ritual. Subsequently, the library method was also used to support the main data obtained through field research. The results of the study showed that the Gawai Sandau Ari practice and the miring ritual are still practiced by the Iban community in the area's longhouses. All aspects of the implementation of ritual practices are still maintained and must follow the established procedures. Although the modernization trend has been growing, this traditional ritual is still actively practiced by the Iban community and continues to be inherited to this day. References Abby Rumie Pandang. (2022, Mac 13). Perayaan Hari Gawai dan Ritual Miring. [Temu bual]. Almaswa Haji Che Ros. (2021, Jun 1). 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