Produktiviti Buruh Lokal dalam Pertanian Kelapa Sawit (Local Labour Productiviti in Oil Palm Agriculture)

Abstract

Industri sawit di Malaysia khususnya di Sarawak berhadapan dengan masalah kekurangan tenaga buruh terutama selepas negara diserang Covid 19. Ramai pekerja asing tidak dapat masuk semula ke Malaysia akibat dari sekatan yang dikenakan oleh kerajaan. Lantaran itu, pekerja tempatan terpaksa digunakan bagi melakukan kerja-kerja yang pernah dilakukan oleh buruh asing. Oleh itu, kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengenalpasti produktiviti buruh lokal oleh oleh Pekebun Kecil Sawit (PKS) di Serian, Sarawak. Seramai 56 orang responden telah dipilih sebagai sampel kajian menggunakan kaedah persampelan bertujuan. Responden yang terpilih merupakan PKS yang menggunakan buruh lokal untuk berkerja di kebun mereka. Hasil kajian mendapati buruh lokal yang digunakan terdiri daripada ahli keluarga sendiri, saudara mara dan buruh kampung. Tiada buruh tempatan dari luar kawasan yang diambil berkerja. Antara jenis penglibatan yang dilakukan adalah seperti memancit pokok, membaja, memangkas, menjolok buah, mengutip buah, memunggah buah ke dalam lori dan pemandu lori. Dari segi penghasilan Buah Tandan Segar (BTS), bilangan penghasilan BTS /tan sebulan, kebanyakan PKS memperolehi purata hasil dapatan sebulan sebanyak 1 hingga 2 tan BTS bagi setiap 1 hingga 2 ekar tanah yang diusahakan untuk penanaman kelapa sawit iaitu bersamaan 12 tan/ekar/tahun. Purata hasil dapatan tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan purata nasional pekebun kecil persendirian iaitu 8 tan/ekar/setahun. Implikasi kajian ini ialah strategi berkesan harus disusun yang melibatkan MPOB dan juga PKS ini dalam menggalakkan lebih ramai orang tempatan untuk berkerja dalam industri ini supaya industri sawit negara tidak berterusan bergantung kepada buruh asing.

Kata kunci: Pekebun Kecil Sawit (PKS); buruh lokal; buruh asing; produktiviti; Buah Tandan Segar (BTS)

Abstract: The palm oil industry in Malaysia, particularly in Sarawak, is facing a labor shortage issue, especially after the country was affected by COVID-19. Many foreign workers were unable to re-enter Malaysia due to restrictions imposed by the government. As a result, local workers had to be employed to perform tasks that were previously done by foreign laborers. This study aims to identify the productivity of local labor by Smallholders (PKS) in Serian, Sarawak. A total of 56 respondents were selected as study samples using purposive sampling methods. The selected respondents are smallholders who employ local labor to work in their plantations. The study found that the local labor used consists of family members, relatives, and village workers. No local workers from outside the area were hired. The types of involvement include tasks such as tapping trees, fertilizing, pruning, harvesting fruit, collecting fruit, loading fruit onto trucks, and driving trucks. In terms of Fresh Fruit Bunch (BTS) production, the monthly yield of BTS per ton shows that most smallholders achieve an average monthly yield of 1 to 2 tons of BTS for every 1 to 2 acres of land cultivated for oil palm planting, which is equivalent to 12 tons per acre per year. The average yield is high compared to the national average for private smallholders, which is 8 tons per acre per year. The implications of this study suggest that effective strategies should be formulated involving the Malaysian Palm Oil Board (MPOB) and these smallholders to encourage more locals to work in this industry so that the country's palm oil sector does not continue to rely on foreign labour.

Keywords: Smallholders (PKS); local labor; foreign labor; productivity; Fresh Fruit Bunch (BTS)

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