Hubungan di antara Stigma Sosial dan Sokongan Sosial terhadap Penglibatan Aktiviti Masyarakat dalam kalangan Bekas Banduan (The Relationship between Social Stigma and Social Support on Community Involvement among Ex-Prisoners)

Abstract

Penglibatan dalam aktiviti masyarakat merupakan salah satu indikator kejayaan pengintegrasian semula bekas banduan. Faktor stigma sosial dan sokongan sosial sering dikatakan mempengaruhi penglibatan ini. Kertas ini bertujuan untuk menilai hubungan antara stigma sosial, sokongan sosial, dan penglibatan aktiviti masyarakat dalam kalangan bekas banduan. Rekabentuk kajian kuantitatif melalui kaedah tinjauan digunakan dalam kajian ini. Seramai 250 orang bekas banduan yang berada di Lembah Klang telah direkrut untuk menjawab satu set borang soal selidik yang mengandungi tiga instrumen iaitu Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Skala Stigma Sosial dan Skala Penglibatan dalam Aktiviti Masyarakat. Hasil kajian mendapati wujud hubungan positif yang signifikan antara sokongan sosial dan penglibatan aktiviti masyarakat. Manakala, terdapat hubungan negatif yang signifikan di antara stigma sosial dengan penglibatan aktiviti masyarakat dan sokongan sosial bekas banduan. Program intervensi yang spesifik perlu dibangunkan untuk mengurangkan stigma sosial dan meningkatkan sokongan sosial kepada bekas banduan. Semua pihak perlu bekerjasama secara strategik bagi mengurangkan kadar residivis dan memastikan bekas banduan berjaya berintegrasi semula dalam masyarakat.

Kata kunci: Stigma sosial; sokongan sosial; penglibatan; aktiviti masyarakat; bekas banduan.

Abstract: Involvement in community activities is one of the indicators of successful reintegration of ex-prisoners. Factors such as social stigma and social support are often said to influence this involvement. This paper aims to assess the relationship between social stigma, social support, and involvement in community activities among ex-prisoners. A quantitative study design using a survey method was employed. A total of 250 ex-prisoners in the Klang Valley were recruited to respond to a questionnaire consisting of three instruments: the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), the Social Stigma Scale, and the Community Activity Involvement Scale. The study found a significant positive relationship between social support and involvement in community activities. Conversely, there was a significant negative relationship between social stigma and involvement in community activities, as well as social support for ex-prisoners. Specific intervention programs need to be developed to reduce social stigma and enhance social support for ex-prisoners. Collaboration among all stakeholders is crucial to strategically reduce recidivism rates and ensure successful reintegration of ex-prisoners into society.

Keywords: Social stigma; social support; involvement; community activities; ex-prisoner

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