Faktor Kebergantungan Industri Terhadap Pekerja Asing di Malaysia
Abstract
Pekerja asing telah menjadi sebahagian dari tenaga kerja yang menyumbang kepada pembangunan Malaysia. Kedatangan pekerja asing telah bermula dari tahun 70-dalam jumlah yang kecil namun kini telah meningkat kepada suatu bilangan yang besar. Namun begitu, isu kekurangan pekerja asing masih terus dibangkitkan oleh pihak industri. Malaysia telah melaksanakan pelbagai usaha dalam menambahbaik pengurusan pekerja asingnya bertujuan memenuhi keperluan industri di samping mengawal kebergantungan kepada pekerja asing. Kajian ini bertujuan meneroka faktor-faktor yang menyumbang kepada kebergantungan pekerja asing di Malaysia. Kajian ini telah dijalankan menggunakan kaedah kualitatif di mana sembilan informan yang mempunyai penglibatan di dalam pengurusan pekerja asing telah ditemu bual. Data hasil temu bual dianalisis menggunakan kaedah analisa tematik menggunakan perisian NVivoTM Versi 12. Hasil analisa tematik telah mengenal pasti tujuh faktor yang mempengaruhi kebergantungan kepada pekerja asing. Faktor yang dikenal pasti ini ini diberikan rangking berdasarkan kekerapan melalui analisis pengekodan ‘coding query’ Faktor yang mendapat rangking tertinggi iaitu keberkesanan sistem kawalan kemasukan pekerja asing. Sistem sedia ada berkesan dalam mengawal bilangan pekerja asing yang digajikan tetapi tidak mampu mendorong industri meningkatkan produktiviti melalui penggunaan teknologi. Faktor-faktor lain juga memainkan peranan seperti warga tempatan yang memilih pekerjaan, pekerja asing komited dan senang diurus. Majikan dan industri juga cenderung kepada buruh murah, kurangnya usaha untuk mengajikan pekerja tempatan dan tidak mengutamakan penggunaan teknologi. Kerajaan juga dilihat kurang tegas dalam melaksanakan inisiatif mengurangkan kebergantungan kepada pekerja asing juga merupakan antara faktor yang dikenal pasti. Cadangan terbaru kerajaan bagi melaksanakan multi-tier levi dilihat sebagai suatu kaedah yang mampu mengurangkan kebergantungan kepada pekerja asing dengan mendorong industri untuk beralih kepada penggunaan teknologi.
Kata Kunci: perkerja asing, levi, migrasi, majikan, industri
Abstract: Foreign workers have become part of the workforce that contributes to the development of Malaysia. The arrival of foreign workers started in the 70s, albeit in small numbers but has now increased to a significant number. However, the issue of shortages of foreign workers continues to be raised by industry players. Malaysia has implemented various efforts to improve its management of foreign workers. The aim is to meet the needs of the industry while controlling its dependency on foreign workers. This study aims to explore factors that contribute to the dependency of foreign workers in Malaysia. This study was conducted using the qualitative method in which nine informants involved in the management of foreign workers were interviewed. The interview data were analysed using the thematic analysis method using NVivoTM Version 12 software. The thematic analysis has identified seven factors that influence the dependency on foreign workers. These factors were further analysed using a coding query and ranked based on frequency. The factor that ranked highest is the effectiveness of the foreign worker entry control system. The existing system effectively controls the number of foreign workers employed but cannot drive the industry to increase productivity by using technology. Other factors include local worker preferences and committed, and manageable foreign workers. Employers and industries also tend to favour cheap labour, lack the effort to employ local workers, and not prioritize technology usage. Another factor is the government's lack of assertiveness in implementing initiatives to reduce dependency on foreign workers. The government's latest proposal to implement a multi-tier levy is seen as a suitable method to reduce dependency on foreign workers by encouraging the industry to shift to technology usage.
Keywords: foreign workers, levi, migration, employer, industry
Full Text:
PDFDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/ebangi.2022.1907.20
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Faculty of Social Sciences & Humanities
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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MALAYSIA
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