KEPERLUAN INTERVENSI KAUNSELING BERASASKAN PENDEKATAN TERAPI BERMAIN ADLERIAN TERHADAP KESEJAHTERAAN KENDIRI HOLISTIK KANAK-KANAK MANGSA PENGABAIAN: SATU KAJIAN KES (The Needs of Counselling Intervention Based on Adlerian Play Therapy on The Holistic Wellness of Neglected Children: A Case Study)

Abstract

Pendekatan terapi bermain dalam intervensi kaunseling membantu kaunselor untuk berkomunikasi dengan klien yang sukar berkomunikasi secara lisan dalam sesi terutama klien kanak-kanak. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk meneroka pandangan kaunselor terhadap keperluan intervensi kaunseling berasaskan pendekatan terapi bermain dalam membantu kesejahteraan kendiri holistik kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian. Reka bentuk kajian ini adalah kualitatif kajian kes. Peserta Kajian terdiri daripada sepuluh orang kaunselor yang dipilih melalui pensampelan bertujuan. Kriteria pemilihan peserta kajian adalah (i) kaunselor yang telah berkhidmat lebih daripada lima tahun, (ii) pengamal kreatif kaunseling terapi bermain dan (iii) mempunyai setting untuk melaksanakan terapi bermain. Analisis tematik telah digunakan untuk mendapatkan data perbincangan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kaedah temu bual mendalam secara separa berstruktur. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis kepada tema-tema menggunakan perisian Atlas.ti. Dapatan kajian mendapati terdapat keperluan intervensi kaunseling berasaskan pendekatan terapi bermain Adlerian. Pendekatan terapi bermain Adlerian membantu meningkatkan kesejahteraan holistik kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian. Penggunaan alat-alat mainan sebagai medium komunikasi yang amat penting dalam sesi kaunseling bersama kanak-kanak. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa faktor lain yang penting bagi menentukan kejayaan intervensi adalah minat bertugas di setting kanak-kanak, memahami ciri-ciri psikologi kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian dan kemahiran-kemahiran dalam melaksanakan terapi bermain. Dapatan kajian turut mencadangkan kit terapi bermain bagi kaunselor yang tidak mempunyai setting bilik terapi bermain yang mana kaunselor boleh membawa alat-alat mainan ke tempat intervensi. Dapatan ini dapat memberi cadangan kepada agensi yang menjalankan kaunseling terhadap kanak-kanak menggunakan pendekatan terapi bermain Adlerian dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan kendiri holistik kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian.

Kata kunci: intervensi kaunseling, terapi bermain Adlerian, kesejahteraan diri holistik, kaunselor pengamal terapi bermain, kanak-kanak mangsa pengabaian

(The Needs of Counselling Intervention Based on Adlerian Play Therapy on The Holistic Wellness of Neglected Children: A Case Study)

The play therapy approach used in counselling intervention helps the counsellor to communicate with a client who has difficulty in communicating verbally during sessions, especially child clients. The aim of this study was to explore the counsellor’s views on the need for counselling intervention based on the play therapy approach to help the holistic wellness of neglected children. This study applied a qualitative case study design and the participants consisted of ten counsellors selected through the purposive sampling method. The criteria for selecting a participant were, i) counsellor who has been in practice for more than five years ii) counsellor who has been practices creative counselling play therapy, and iii) counsellor who has a setting for implementing play therapy. A thematic analysis was used to obtain discussion data, while the data collection technique involved the semi-structured in-depth interview method. Data were then analysed according to themes using the Atlas.ti software. The findings indicated that there was a need for counselling intervention based on the Adlerian play therapy approach, which helps to enhance the holistic wellness of neglected children. The use of toys as a medium of communication is very important in counselling sessions involving children. Besides that, there are several other important factors that determine the success of the intervention, such as interest in counselling children, understanding the psychological characteristics of neglected children and skills required for implementing play therapy. The findings also suggested a play therapy kit for counsellors who do not have a play therapy room setting whereby the counsellor can bring along these toys to the location for the intervention session. The findings suggested that agencies implementing child counselling should use Adlerian play therapy for enhancing the holistic wellness of neglected children.

Keywords: Counselling intervention, Adlerian play therapy, holistic self-wellbeing, play therapy counselling practitioners, neglected children